Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-18T12:22:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - João Paulo Tavares Malheiro.pdf: 2553515 bytes, checksum: 47c2d0425241d35a5f696b608aae504e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:07:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - João Paulo Tavares Malheiro.pdf: 2553515 bytes, checksum: 47c2d0425241d35a5f696b608aae504e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:07:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - João Paulo Tavares Malheiro.pdf: 2553515 bytes, checksum: 47c2d0425241d35a5f696b608aae504e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - João Paulo Tavares Malheiro.pdf: 2553515 bytes, checksum: 47c2d0425241d35a5f696b608aae504e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The application of polymers in modified release of drugs is already a reality in the pharmaceutical field. The polymers obtained from plants, especially cellulosic derivatives, are among the most used in the production of new release systems groups and the origin of the raw material, a critical factor in the quality and the final properties of polymer and systems. This work aimed to produce and characterize cellulose acetate extracted from cactus pear and apply it to modified release of drugs. The botanical collection and identification of Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller was held at National Institute for the Semiarid. The plant was dried, pulverized and subjected to successive chemical treatments for obtain/pulp and purification production of acetylated derivative. The extraction yield of cellulose by the method adopted was 8,41%. The polymer and the acetylated derivative were characterized by Spectroscopies of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Forrier Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy dispersive (SEM-XRD), and analytical techniques, analyses which confirmed their identities and quality. The microparticles were produced by emulsification / solvent evaporation, presenting itself as spherical structures, in micrometer range (2-7μm), with roughness on the surface and the presence of small pores. The method of quantification by spectrophotometry of sodium diclofenac (drug model) has been validated, being considered: linear, selective, exact and precise, according to requirement of RE. 899/2003. obtained approximately 57% of sodium diclofenac encapsulated in the system, with release maintained constant the concentration percentage average of 57-62% in the range of 8-64hs. it is therefore concluded that the cellulose acetate obtained from forage palm presented excellent technological properties for application in the production of micro-particles with good results on the drug release kinetics model and favourable prospects for future applications of other drugs in this system, adding even greater value to cactus pear culture. / A aplicação de polímeros na liberação modificada de fármacos já é uma realidade no campo farmacêutico. Os polímeros obtidos a partir de plantas, com destaque para os derivados celulósicos, estão entre os grupos mais utilizados na produção dos novos sistemas de liberação, sendo a origem da matéria prima, um fator crítico na qualidade e nas propriedades finais do polímero e do sistema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir e caracterizar acetato de celulose a partir da celulose extraída da palma forrageira, e aplicá-lo para liberação modificada de fármacos . A coleta e identificação botânica da Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller foi realizada no INSA. A planta foi seca, pulverizada e submetida a tratamentos químicos sucessivos para obtenção/ purificação da celulose e produção do derivado acetilado. O rendimento da extração da celulose pelo método adotado foi de 8,41%. O polímero e o derivado acetilado foram caracterizados por Espectroscopias de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) e de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourrier (FTIR), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com sonda de Energia Dispersiva de Rios-X (MEV-EDS), Difração de Raios-X (DRX) e técnicas analíticas, análises que confirmaram suas identidades e qualidade. As micropartículas foram produzidas por emulsificação/evaporação de solvente, apresentando-se como estruturas esféricas, em escala micrométrica (2-7μm), com rugosidades na superfície e presença de pequenos poros. O método de quantificação por espectrofotometria do diclofenaco de sódio (fármaco modelo) foi validado, sendo considerado: linear, seletivo, exato e preciso, segundo as exigências da RE. 899 / 2003. Obteve-se cerca de 57% de diclofenaco de sódio encapsulado no sistema, com liberação mantida relativamente constante na concentração percentual média de 57-62% no intervalo de 8-64hs. Conclui-se, portanto, que o acetato de celulose obtido da palma forrageira apresentou excelentes propriedades tecnológicas para aplicação na produção de micropartículas, com bons resultados na cinética de liberação do fármaco modelo e com perspectivas favoráveis à aplicações futuras de outros fármacos neste sistema, agregando ainda maior valor a cultura da palma forrageira.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-04-24T11:27:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizete Rodrigues Alves - 2006.pdf: 1347191 bytes, checksum: 162740697d2866605a6cb27af21c1125 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-24T11:51:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizete Rodrigues Alves - 2006.pdf: 1347191 bytes, checksum: 162740697d2866605a6cb27af21c1125 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T11:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizete Rodrigues Alves - 2006.pdf: 1347191 bytes, checksum: 162740697d2866605a6cb27af21c1125 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-06 / Among the fruit trees options to the region, it comes the fig tree culture (Ficus carica L.) which has an easy adaptation, comparing to other fruit trees, it shows a great option because of the possibility to have not only unripe figs to industry, but also good conditions to the ripe figs to be consumed in natura. Goias fig tree cultivation is an unknown activity, despite of fig being widely used as in natura and industrialized. The most of the fig consumed in Goiás and Distrito Federal is imported from São Paulo or Rio Grande do Sul, which becomes the product expensive due to the transportation taxes. Moreover, one is about a highly perishable product. With the objective then to evaluate the behavior of the culture of the fig in the conditions of Goiânia. verifying the effect of the type of distribution of the covering deceased in the ground, of the amount of branches left after the pruning, in the vegetative development and the production of figs and on the basis of to define the length of the foliar limb, a half not-destructive fast and esteem, through mathematical model, the foliar area of the fig in the field conditions. The work was developed EMBRAPA in Goiânia-GO. Had been evaluated 100 plants of fig and in as the 60. In the first experiment the plants had been submitted the three treatments in the parcel: covering deceased in the base of the plant, covering deceased in the plantation line and covering deceased in total area. In subparcelas to the treatments the pruning had been the amount of branches left after: 12, 18 and 24 branches. In as the experiment the pruning was evaluated the amount of branches left after that had been: 24, 36 and 48 branches. Also three mathematical models for the determination of the foliar area had been evaluated. The plants submitted to the treatments with covering deceased in the base of a plant and covering in the plantation line, had had one better vegetative development (leaf diameter, length and number) in relation to the treatment with covering deceased in area total. Amount of branches left after the pruning influenced in the amount of leves for plant, the more left branches bigger were the amount of leves. The length and the diameter of the branches had not been influenced by the amount of branches left after the pruning. The use of mathematical model, using the linear measures of fig leves if showed efficient in the determination of the leaf area. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de distribuição da cobertura morta no solo, no desenvolvimento vegetativo da figueira (Ficus carica L.) cultivar Roxo de Valinhos e da quantidade de ramos deixados após a poda. Devido ao tipo de sistema radicular, bastante superficial, não é recomendado o uso excessivo de máquinas agrícolas entre as plantas de figueira no pomar. Esta característica peculiar evidencia ainda mais a importância da cobertura morta proporcionando uma condição mais adequada na zona de maior concentração das raízes. A utilização de cobertura morta é essencial para a cultura do figo, e verificamos no presente trabalho que a forma de distribuição dessa cobertura morta influenciou no desenvolvimento da cultura. As plantas submetidas aos tratamentos com cobertura morta na base da planta (cobertura 1) e cobertura na linha de plantio (cobertura 2), tiveram um melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo (diâmetro, comprimento e número de folhas) em relação ao tratamento com cobertura morta em área total. Novos estudos com a cultura da figueira necessitam ser realizados na região Centro-Oeste.

Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias Mención Sanidad Vegetal / La Enfermedad del Mosaico de la Higuera está ampliamente distribuida en el mundo y ha sido reportada en varios países, especialmente en la cuenca del Mediterráneo. Sin embargo, para Chile no existe ningún registro de la situación viral de la higuera. En este trabajo se realizó una prospección en los principales cultivos comerciales de este frutal distribuidos en las Regiones de Coquimbo (IV), Valparaíso (V), Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins (VI) y Región Metropolitana. Las variedades “Black Mission” (higo negro) y “Kadota” (higo blanco) fueron encontradas más comúnmente. La detección en las 120 muestras estudiadas se realizó mediante la técnica de RT-PCR. Los virus prospectados fueron FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2, FMV, FMMaV, FFkaV, AFCV-2, FBV-1, FCV, FLV-1 y AFCV-1, de los cuales no fueron detectados los tres últimos. El virus que fue encontrado con mayor frecuencia fue FBV-1 (84,03%), seguido por FMV con una incidencia de 69,75% y FLMaV-1 en 62,18% de las muestras. Las infecciones virales fueron simples (20%), dobles (20,83%), triples (29,17%), cuádruples (25,83%) o quíntuples (0,83%), y 3,33% de las plantas no presentaron ninguno de los virus prospectados. Finalmente, se realizó una caracterización molecular de los aislados virales encontrados en Chile para los virus FMV, FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2, FFkaV, FMMaV y AFCV-2, que confirman esta prospección y clasifican a estos virus a nivel molecular con otras cepas encontradas en diversos países. / The Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) is widely distributed worldwide and it has been reported in several countries, especially around the Mediterranean basin. However, there is no record of the viral situation of fig trees in Chile. In this research, a viral prospection was done in the main commercial fig orchards, distributed in the regions of Coquimbo (IV), Valparaíso (V), Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins (VI) and Metropolitan Region. “Black Mission” (black fig) and “Kadota” (white fig) were the fig varieties that were most commonly found. 120 samples were analyzed and the detection was made with RT-PCR. FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2, FMV, FMMaV, FFkaV, AFCV-2, FBV-1, FCV, FLV-1 and AFCV-1 were analyzed in each sample, and the last three viruses named here were not found. The most frequent virus was FBV-1, found in 84,03% of the samples, followed by FMV (69,75%) and FLMaV-1 (62,18%). The viral infections were simple (20%), double (20,83%), triple (29,17%), quadruple (25,83%) or quintuple (0,83%), and 3,33% of the plants did not present any of the analyzed virus. Finally, a molecular characterization of the viral isolates found in Chile was conducted for FMV, FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2, FFkaV, FMMaV and AFCV-2, which confirms the results of this prospection and classifies these viruses at a molecular level with viral isolates of other countries.

Tesis presentada para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, con mención en Producción Frutícola / La tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) esta extensamente distribuida en México, gran parte de América Latina, África del Sur y a zona del Mediterráneo (Hassan et al., 2011).A nivel mundial son numerosos los países que producen tuna, siendo el mayor productor mundial, México (Según SAGARPA, 2010, citado por Sanhueza, 2010). Después de México otros países que producen tuna son Italia, Sudáfrica, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Perú, Colombia, Estados Unidos, Marruecos, Argelia, Libia, Tunes, Egipto, Jordania, Pakistán, Israel, Grecia, España y Portugal (Flores et al., 1995). Los principales mercados para este producto son Alemania, Francia, Holanda, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos y Japón (FAO, 2006).Chile es uno de los países productores de tuna cuya superficie plantada se centra en la Región Metropolitana con 611,4 ha de acuerdo al Catastro Frutícola (2010), mientras se encuentra en menores superficies entre las Regiones de Atacama y el Bio-Bio, siendo la superficie total de 1240.1 ha. California y México, se convierten en los principales proveedores del mercado de Estados Unidos, mercado al cuál las exportaciones Chilenas registran algunos picos durante los meses de septiembre a mayo. Mientras que Colombia exporta tuna a los mercados europeos durante todo el año (FAO, 2006).

Ii dieser Magisterarbeit werden Beschreibebungen der Vegetationsorgane des Sprosses, der Blattspreite und des Blattstengels dargeboten. Die in der Orangerie von VPU züchtender Stegel von Ficus L. Arten sind steil. Die Blätter sind spiral verteilt. Das Periderm bedeckt den Stengel identisch. Das Perdiderm von F. lyrata ist schuppig, der übrigen Arten gestreift. In Stengeln gibt es schizogene Drüsen und gabelförmige miteinander verbindende Milchröhren. Es gibt eine umfangreiche Formvielfalt von Blattspreiten. Die Blätter aller geforschten Ficuse sind einfach, stielig und gleichseitig. Die Blätter von F. carica sind handförmig gespaltet, die von F. lyrata im Gegenteil sind eiförmig. Die Blätter von F. binnendijkii sin elliptisch, die von F. pumila sind herzförmig. Die Blätter von F. triangularis und F. lingua haben die Form eines umgekippten Dreiecks, verbreitete Spitze und elliptischen Grund. Ficus L. – Art – Pflanzen unterscheiden sich von den anderen in ihrer Blattfläche. Sie beträgt von 4,7 mm² (bei F. pumila) bis 348 mm² (bei F. triangularis). Nach der Forschung der anatomischer Struktur der Blattspreite von zehn Ficus L. Arten, wurde festgestellt, dass die Epidermiswände in ihrer Wellenartigkeit unterscheiden. Stark wellenartige Wände sind typisch für F. carica, F. lingua, F. pumila und F. lyrata. Die Epidermiswände der anderen übrigen Ficuse sind weniger wellenartig. In zweiter Schicht der oberen Epidermis von Ficus L. Arten sind Cystoliten verteilt, deren... [to full text]

The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest with significant economic impact on the grape growing industry in South Africa and other parts of the world. With the isolation and synthesizing of the vine mealybug sex pheromone in 2001, new control options for the integrated management of the vine mealybug have been created. The status of sex pheromone monitoring as a tool in the integrated management of the vine mealybug has been evaluated from different perspectives. A significant quantitative difference in male vine mealybug trap catch numbers has been observed between wine and table grape vineyards and results indicated that there were differences in the susceptibility of grape cultivars to vine mealybug. Currently, the delta trap design is the accepted trap design for vine mealybug monitoring. No studies have yet been conducted to determine the optimum trap parameters like size or design. Population pressure may have an influence on the qualitative efficiency of various trap designs. The basis for degree-day forecasting models has been established adequately. However, refinements need to be done and the incorporation of factors such as humidity and regionality also need to be considered. Daily maximum temperatures fluctuating around the upper developmental threshold temperature for prolonged periods of time seemed to suppress population numbers. Different vineyard management practices exist for wine and table grape production. While an action threshold of 65 vine mealybug males per trap per two-week period seems an acceptable threshold for table grape production, it may not be appropriate for wine grape (or raisin grape) production. Using sex pheromone traps for population monitoring is a valid technique in the arsenal of management tactics against the vine mealybug. However, refinements and validation of research results must be done further to build credibility into the monitoring system. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Η εργασία αυτή πραγματοποιήθηκε με σκοπό τη μελέτη της επίδρασης διαφορετικών επιπέδων λίπανσης αζώτου, φωσφόρου και καλίου σε ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά των ξηρών καρπών της συκιάς (Ficus carica L.) της ποικιλίας «Καλαμών». Το πείραμα πραγματοποιήθηκε σε συκεώνα στο Νεοχώριο Μεσσήνης του νομού Μεσσηνίας το έτος 2009 και εφαρμόστηκαν στα δέντρα εννέα λιπαντικές επεμβάσεις, κάθε μια από τις οποίες αποτελούσε συνδυασμό διαφορετικών επιπέδων αζώτου (0,3 – 0,5 – 1 N kg ανά δέντρο), φωσφόρου (0 – 0,6 - 1,2 – 1,8 P2O5 kg ανά δέντρο) και καλίου (0 – 0,6 - 1,2 K2O kg ανά δέντρο), βάσει της καλλιεργητικής πρακτικής που εφαρμόζεται σε πολλές περιοχές του Ν. Μεσσηνίας. Οι επεμβάσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν ήταν οι ακόλουθες: Ν(0,3)-P(0)-K(0), N(0,3)-P(0,6)-K(0,6), N(0,3)-P(1,2)-K(0,6), N(0,3)-P(1,8)-K(0,6), N(0,5)-P(0,6)-K(0,6), N(1)-P(1,2)-K(0,6), N(1)-P(1,8)-K(0,6), N(0,3)-P(1,2)-K(1,2), N(1)-P(1,2)-K(1,2). Το πείραμα σχεδιάστηκε σύμφωνα με το πλήρως τυχαιοποιημένο σχέδιο και για κάθε επέμβαση χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τέσσερις επαναλήψεις (δέντρα). Η συγκομιδή πραγματοποιήθηκε σε δύο ημερομηνίες (20 και 29 Αυγούστου), όταν τα σύκα βρίσκονταν στο στάδιο της εμπορικής ωριμότητας ως ξηρό προϊόν. Μετά την ηλιοξήρανση των καρπών ακολούθησε διαλογή κατά την οποία απομακρύνθηκαν οι ελαττωματικοί καρποί (απόσυκα). Στα ξηρά σύκα που είναι κατάλληλα για εμπορία έγινε προσδιορισμός των εξής ποιοτικών χαρακτηριστικών: μέσο βάρος καρπού, διάμετρος του καρπού, περιεκτικότητα του καρπού σε υγρασία και ολικά διαλυτά στερεά, pH της πάστας του καρπού και τιτλοδοτούμενη οξύτητα της πάστας του καρπού. Από τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της μελέτης συμπεραίνεται ότι οι παραπάνω λιπαντικές επεμβάσεις δεν επηρεάζουν τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά των ξηρών σύκων που παράγονται στις συγκεκριμένες κλιματολογικές και εδαφολογικές συνθήκες. / The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels on some quality characteristics of dried fruits of fig tree (Ficus carica L. cv. Kalamon). The experiment was carried out at Neoxorio Messinis (Messinia, South Peloponesse, Greece) during 2009. Nine treatments which were the association of different levels of nitrogen (0,3 – 0,5 – 1 N kg per tree), phosphorus (0 – 0,6 - 1,2 – 1,8 P2O5 kg per tree), and potassium (0 – 0,6 - 1,2 K2O kg per tree), and were selected on the basis of the common cultural practices at Messinia, were applied. The following treatments: Ν(0,3)-P(0)-K(0), N(0,3)-P(0,6)-K(0,6), N(0,3)-P(1,2)-K(0,6), N(0,3)-P(1,8)-K(0,6), N(0,5)-P(0,6)-K(0,6), N(1)-P(1,2)-K(0,6), N(1)-P(1,8)-K(0,6), N(0,3)-P(1,2)-K(1,2), N(1)-P(1,2)-K(1,2) were applied according to the completely randomized experimental design. Each treatment was applied to four replicates (trees). Figs fruits were harvested at two different dates (20 and 29 August), when they were at the commercial maturity stage for consumption as dried figs. After sun drying, figs with defects were selected as cull figs (improper for commercial use). Marketable dried figs were used for measurement of quality characteristics such as: mean weight and mean diameter of the fruit, moisture and total soluble solids content of the fruit, pH and titratable acidity of fruit paste. From the results of this study, it is concluded that the above treatments with different amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium do not affect the quality characteristics of dried figs produced at the soil-climatic conditions of this experiment.

Background: Natural products have attracted high attention due to their great contribution in drug discovery. Many natural products have shown to be effectively against different disease targets including cancer, malaria and HIV. And their structural diversity is a rich resource for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. This thesis is to explore plant natural products for their potential in treatment of malaria and cancer diseases. Malaria is still considered as a major global health problem, affecting a large population of the world, especially in the developing countries. Effective drug discovery is still one of the main efforts to control malaria, and plant-derived compounds have played the most important role for treatment of malarial disease. In our previous work, we have evaluated more than 2,000 plant extracts against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. As a result, we discovered dozens of antiplasmodium plant leads. Bioassay guided separation of these active plant extracts led to isolation of some potent antimalarial compounds. Among them, trichothecenes, the sesquiterpenes identified from the plant Ficus fistulosa and Rhaphidophora decursiva, were found to have potent inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 values in the sub-nano molar range in our previous study (Zhang et al. 2002). However, these compounds are significant cytotoxic. In order to improve the antimalarial activity of the trichothecenes, we evaluated the antimalarial activity of dozens of trichothecenes, and based on the structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis, we synthesized trichothecene derivatives with low cytotoxicity. On the other hand, cancer has stricken one-third of the world's population. Through our anticancer drug program to discover bioactive leads from thousands of the plant extracts, the extract of Miliusa sinensis Finet et Gagnep. (Annonaceae) was found to exhibit cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. Our previous bioassay-directed fractionation of the leaf, twig and flower extracts of M. sinensis has led to the discovery of a novel class of anticancer lead molecules, which we designated as miliusanes (Zhang et al, 2006). M. balansae, in the same family with M. sinensis, also contains bioactive miliusanes. We thus collected the plant materials of M. balansae to isolated additional new anticancer miliusanes. Objective: The objective of this study is to discover novel antimalarial and anticancer natural compounds from plants using different techniques in combination of extensive literature review, phytochemical separation, SAR analysis, semi-synthesis and biological activity study. Trichothecenes and miliusanes are the two major classes of the compounds, which have been extensively explored in the current thesis for their antimalarial and anticancer potential.;Methodology: There was a prior comprehensive review article entitled "Antimalarial activity of plant metabolites" by Schwikkard and Van Heerden (2002), which reported structures of those antiplasmodial active compounds and covered literatures up to the year 2000. As a continuation of their work, antimalarial compounds isolated from plants, including marine plants, which reported in the literatures from 2001 to the end of 2017 have been reviewed and organized according to their plant families. Dozens of trichothecenes have been obtained by us and explored for their SARs. Based on the SAR analysis, we designed and carried out the structure modifications of some trichothecenes. These compounds were evaluated for their antimalarial and cytotoxic activities. M. balansae, in the same genus with M. sinensis, was selected to isolate bioactive miliusanes, as well as the other active components through bioassay-guided fractionation study. Columns chromatography was used in fractionation and separation of the dichloromethane extract of M. balansae. Preparative HPLC separation and LC-MS analysis were used to speed up the isolation process. All isolates were determined for their chemical structures by spectroscopic means such as NMR and MS, and then evaluated for their anticancer potential. The isolated compounds with abundant amounts were further explored to modify their structures in order to improve their biological activities. Result: During the span of the last 17 years (2001-2017), 175 antiplasmodial compounds were discovered from plants. These active compounds were organized in our review article according to their plant families. In addition, we also included ethnobotanical information of the antimalarial plants. In order to decrease toxicity while retaining antimalarial activity of the trichothecenes, we analyzed SAR of 28 trichothecene analogues. Based on the SAR analysis, we were able to conclude that the diacetylation of C-4 and C-15, and the hydroxylation at C-3 or C-4 could significantly improve the therapeutic indices of trichothecenes. Subsequently, our synthesis of a trichothecene derivative demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with an IC50 value of 10.4 nM and low toxicity against KB cells with an IC50 value of 556 nM. The separation of the dichloromethane extract of M. balansae led to the isolation of 16 new miliusanes, along with 12 known ones, and 6 flavonoids. Seven of them exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 with IC50 values in the range of 1.24 - 4.2 µM. The SAR study of the miliusanes indicated that the α,β-unsaturated ketone was the active group of but may not be the essential group responsible for the bioactivity of miliusanes. Two flavonoids that showed moderate cytotoxic activity were carried out their structure activities modification. A total of 19 derivatives have been synthesized based on the two flavonoid structures.

Resumo: A figueira (Ficus carica L.) é uma frutífera de grande importância mundial e, neste sentido, o melhoramento genético se torna uma linha de pesquisa importante para a melhoria da cultura, sendo necessário reunir informações sobre esta espécie, principalmente em relação à sua variabilidade genética, para que projetos de propagação e manejo adequados sejam realizados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a existência de variabilidade genética, por marcadores moleculares RAPD e AFLP, de seleções originadas de estacas provenientes de gemas irradiadas com raio gama. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal - SP, utilizando-se estacas de cinco seleções de figueira obtidas em trabalho anterior realizado na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparando-as entre si e utilizando a cultivar Roxo-de- Valinhos como parâmetro de comparação. Não há polimorfismo entre os tratamentos, indicando uma possível variação epigenética, devendo ser testada com outras técnicas sensíveis à uma possível metilação do DNA / Abstract: The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit of great importance worldwide and in this sense, the genetic improvement becomes an important line of research to improve the culture, it is necessary to gather information about this species, especially in relation to their variability gene for propagation projects and handling are carried out. This study aims to determine the existence of genetic variability of selections originated from cuttings from buds irradiated with gamma rays, using the RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. The experiment was conducted at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Jaboticabal - SP, using cuttings from five fig selections obtained in a previous study conducted at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparing them with each other and using the Roxo-de-Valinhos cultivar for comparison. There was no polymorphism between treatments, indicating a possible epigenetic variation and should be tested with other techniques sensitive to a DNA methylation / Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins / Coorientadora: Janete Apparecida Desidério / Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Bianca Waléria Bertoni / Mestre

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniera Agrónoma / El objetivo de este trabajo fue formular y elaborar helados y sorbetes utilizando pulpa de tunas de dos ecotipos, anaranjado y púrpura. Se realizaron cuatro ensayos, dos de helados y dos de sorbetes de pulpa anaranjada y púrpura. La pulpa se adicionó en cuatro niveles para cada producto. Para helados, fue de 30, 25, 20 y 15 %, y para sorbetes, 40, 35, 30 y 25 %. La mezcla base de los helados consistió en 76,9 % de leche, 8,6 % de crema, 14 % de azúcar y 0,5 % de agar agar, mientras que para los sorbetes fue de 89,5 % de agua, 10 % de azúcar y 0,5 % de agar agar. Se determinaron las características químicas y físicas de la materia prima y los productos resultantes (color, pH, acidez, sólidos solubles, capacidad antioxidante, contenido de betalaínas, peso específico, overrun). A ambos productos, se les realizó un análisis sensorial, para lo cual previamente un Focus group determinó los atributos sensoriales a medir.