The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) can be infected by a variety of protozoa and may develop clinical signs or remain asymptomatic. Due to the proximity of this kind with the man some protozoa present zoonotic potential, as researchers studied, including Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. L. infantum, it is responsible for causing visceral leishmaniasis in several species, including the dog and the man with deleterious impacts on public health. The dog is considered the urban reservoir of the parasite, and it is recommended the euthanasia of seropositive, including asymptomatic. N. caninum and T. gondii are widely distributed protozoa. These agents, when affecting dogs, can cause neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory and muscle disturbs. N. caninum is a protozoan of great economic importance and may cause reproductive problems in farm animals and the dog is the definitive host of this agent. T. gondii is an opportunistic microorganism, a zoonotic potential, with world-occurrence. The dogs as well as humans, are considered intermediate hosts, infection may be more severe in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to research anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in autopsied dogs; and to determine the occurrence of infection in animals from Agudo, Jaguari, Júlio de Castilhos, Mata, Santa Maria, Santiago, São Martinho da Serra, São Vicente do Sul and Tupanciretã, towns in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). In addition, there were correlated epidemiological data on sex, age, race, origin and occurrence of these protozoa in the seasons, with the pathological lesions. The animals were necropsied during routine at Pathology Laboratory in the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, from November 2014 to April 2016. For detection of seropositive dogs, the Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) was performed on stored samples in serum bank Analysis Laboratory in Veterinary Clinics. It analyzed 78 samples, where 53/78 (67.9%) were seropositive, demonstrating the presence of antibodies to one or more of the agents in the population studied. The occurrence of antibodies to L. infantum, N. caninum and T. gondii was 26/78 (33.3%) 29/78 (37.1%) and 34/78 (43.5%) respectively. Mono infections observed in 5/53 (9.4%) of L. infantum, 10/53 (18.8%) to N. caninum and 11/53 (20.7%) T. gondii, while the coinfection appeared in 27/53 (50.9%) of the dogs were detected in 4/53 (7.5%) L. infantum + N. caninum, 8/53 (15.0%) L. infantum + T. gondii, 6/53 (11.3%) N. caninum + T. gondii and 9/53 (16.9%) L. infantum + N. caninum + T. gondii, affecting animals of different ages, without predominance sex or race. There were no pathological characteristic lesions, featuring animals as asymptomatic, indicating a role for these sentinels of dogs these diseases. This study contributed to a better understanding of the epidemiology of protozoa and noted the emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in animals from areas considered harmless. In addition, this work can support the public health services in the adoption of preventive measures, avoiding possible cases of autochthonous leishmaniasis in central RS. / O cão (Canis lupus familiaris) pode ser infectado por uma variedade de protozoários, podendo desenvolver sinais clínicos ou permanecer assintomático. Devido à proximidade desta espécie com o homem e por alguns protozoários apresentarem potencial zoonótico, se realizou um estudo, incluindo Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii. L. infantum, é responsável por causar a leishmaniose visceral em diversas espécies, abrangendo o cão e o homem, com impactos deletérios na Saúde Pública. O cão é considerado o reservatório urbano deste parasita, e recomenda-se a eutanásia dos soropositivos, inclusive os assintomáticos. N. caninum e T. gondii são protozoários de ampla distribuição geográfica. Estes agentes, quando acometem os cães, podem causar distúrbios neurológicos, gastrintestinais, respiratórios e musculares. N. caninum é um protozoário de grande importância econômica, podendo ocasionar problemas reprodutivos em animais de produção e o cão é o hospedeiro definitivo deste agente. T. gondii é um micro-organismo oportunista, de potencial zoonótico, com ocorrência mundial. Os cães, assim como o homem, são considerados hospedeiros intermediários, podendo a infecção ser mais grave em indivíduos imunocomprometidos ou gestantes. Este estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar anticorpos anti-Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em cães necropsiados; bem como determinar a ocorrência da infecção em animais procedentes de Agudo, Jaguari, Júlio de Castilhos, Mata, Santa Maria, Santiago, São Martinho da Serra, São Vicente do Sul e Tupanciretã, municípios da região central do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Adicionalmente, correlacionou-se os dados epidemiológicos referentes a sexo, idade, raça, procedência e a ocorrência destes protozoários nas estações do ano, com as lesões anatomopatológicas. Os animais foram necropsiados durante a rotina do Laboratório de Patologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no período de novembro de 2014 a abril de 2016. Para detecção dos cães sororreagentes, foi realizada a Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), nas amostras armazenadas no banco de soro do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias. Analisou-se 78 amostras, onde 53/78 (67,9%) apresentaram soropositividade, demonstrando a presença de anticorpos para um ou mais dos agentes na população estudada. A ocorrência de anticorpos para L. infantum, N. caninum e T. gondii foi de 26/78 (33,3%), 29/78 (37,1%) e 34/78 (43,5%) respectivamente. Observou-se mono infecções em 5/53 (9,4%) para L. infantum, 10/53 (18,8%) para N. caninum e 11/53 (20,7%) para T. gondii, enquanto que, as coinfecções apareceram em 27/53 (50,9%) dos cães, sendo detectados em 4/53 (7,5%) L. infantum + N. caninum, 8/53 (15,0%) L. infantum + T. gondii, 6/53 (11,3%) N. caninum + T. gondii e 9/53 (16,9%) L. infantum + N. caninum + T. gondii, acometendo animais de diferentes idades, sem predominância de sexo ou raça. Não verificaram-se lesões anatomopatológicas características, caracterizando os animais como assintomáticos, denotando um papel para estes cães de sentinelas destas enfermidades. Este estudo contribuiu para um maior conhecimento da epidemiologia destas protozooses e observou o surgimento da leishmaniose visceral em animais provenientes de áreas consideradas indenes. Além disso, este trabalho poderá subsidiar os serviços de Saúde Pública na adoção de medidas preventivas, evitando possíveis casos de leishmaniose autóctones na região central do RS.

Bank failures during recent years continue to cause stakeholders to question how board and senior management are overseeing and managing Operational Risk. This research evaluated the use of Operational Risk tools by South African banks who have adopted Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for management and calculation of Operational Risk capital, based on the Basel II requirements (Bank for International Settlements, 2006). The research was conducted under the assumption that when Operational Risk tools are adopted and used as prescribed by the Basel II Framework, it will lead to enhanced risk management practices and allow banks to identify emerging risks where controls can be designed to mitigate risks from materialising. This study was conducted using a quantitative method – the survey was sent to Operational Risk managers in the main segments of 3 South African AMA banks (ABSA, FIRSTRAND and NEDBANK), and senior managers in the group Operational Risk departments. The study found that Operational Risk tools are used and have been implemented as per Basel II requirements even though there are minor gaps. These tools have also been integrated in day-to-day processes; however there are some improvements required when it comes to a full integration and the use of the tools in the decision making processes. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Despite the growing importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs), their use in the field of program evaluation has been, to date, understudied. Using a mixed-method approach and a conceptual framework informed by social interdependence theory, this thesis sought to contribute to this area of research by exploring how evaluation practitioners engage with ICTs, and if and how this influences evaluation use. The comprised two parts are in a cascade design: a qualitative study relied on interviews with practitioners, followed by a quantitative study utilizing a survey instrument to obtain findings from a larger cohort of practitioner respondents. The findings from both studies revealed that ICTs’ value is greater for the use of evaluative results (findings use) than for benefits arising from evaluation processes (process use), and that these tools support evaluation activities by aiding background and foreground processes. When used in the background, ICTs can help evaluators by offering flexibility, improving speed, and efficiency. In contrast, ICTs used for foreground processes help foster communication with and engagement of stakeholders. Together, this makes the use of ICTs a valuable extension to existing evaluator skillsets, especially when the tools are mindfully incorporated to fit a project’s contextual complexity. The findings also point to a number of barriers – at both the individual and organizational levels - that inhibit further integration of technology into evaluation practice. A conceptual framework developed as a result of the findings visually depicts this process, and it represents a significant contribution of the thesis. Given the growing proliferation of ICTs in all aspects of life, further insight through systematic inquiry is much needed to keep abreast of these rapidly changing trends. The provision of such has implications not only for evaluation practitioners, client organizations and professional evaluation associations, but for the ongoing development of empirical inquiry in the area.

Konfessionslosigkeit ist ein Stichwort, das in der deutschen Religionspädagogik immer häufiger auftaucht. Es beschreibt summarisch, wenn auch unscharf die didaktische Herausforderung, Religionsunterricht für Schüler und mit Schülern zu gestalten, die nicht (mehr) in einer christlichen Tradition stehen und möglicherweise sogar überhaupt keinen Bezug zu Religion haben. Insbesondere für den ostdeutschen Kontext trifft das – empirisch belegt – zu, aber auch im westlichen Teil Deutschlands steigt die Zahl der Schüler, die kaum noch christlich sozialisiert sind. David Käbisch stellt sich dieser religionspädagogischen Aufgabe mit einer umfassenden Studie, in der er diesem Sachverhalt mit Hilfe verschiedener Bezugswissenschaften auf den Grund geht und über religionspädagogische Grundsatzerwägungen zu fachdidaktischen Perspektiven gelangt, die er im Hinblick auf die Unterrichtspraxis auch mit methodischen Ideen versieht. Das ist ein weiter Bogen, den dieses Buch spannt. Entsprechend konzentriert sind die Inhalte.

This work deals with current application of the developing field of post-warranty service of old turbines in the energy sector. There are described various types of repairs following the recommendations of commonly performed actions. Revision finding is focused on back-pressure steam turbine marked R12-9 / 2, which was scheduled for overhaul after 180 000 operating hours. Revision findings include a detailed description of the turbine and method of repair. It is also performed calculating the losses in the axial blade stage of cascade by AMDC-KO methodology on because of the choice type of blading and then comparing by technical justification for the choice of one of the variants for the customer.

Aus der Einleitung: "Intuition. Damit begründen Menschen häufig kühne Entscheidungen oder Pläne, an denen sie wider vernünftige Argumente stur aber erfolgreich festgehalten haben. Gesetzt den Fall, die Begründung „Intuition“ ist mehr als ein post hoc Argument von Hasardeuren, die zufällig Glück gehabt haben und stellt wirklich eine Qualität von Könnerschaft bei komplexen Anforderungen dar, so sollte man das Wesen des scheinbar nicht hinterfragbaren „guten“ oder „schlechten Gefühls“ beim Planen und Entscheiden ergründen. Denn ein Könner (oder in der Psychologie: „ein Experte“, vgl. Hacker, 1992) wäre dann ja eine Person, die ohne bewussten Zugriff auf ihr Wissen dennoch über Informationen verfügt, die sie zur Auswahl besserer Pläne und Entscheidungen befähigt. Es wäre daher lohnend herauszufinden, welche Informationen dies sind und wie sie verarbeitet werden."

ZIEL Als Ursache für die sporadische Creutzfeldt-Jakob Krankheit wird eine spontane Konfigurationsänderung des Prionproteins diskutiert. Die Annahme der Beeinflussung fehlgefaltete Proteinketten, welche bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie der Alzheimer Demenz oder Parkinson vorliegen, auf die Entwicklung einer zweiten Proteinfehlfaltung stellen eine mögliche Verbindung zwischen dem Auftreten neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen und Prionerkrankungen her. Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven Untersuchung ist es, die klinischen und diagnostischen Eigenschaften von sCJD-Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson oder Demenz in der Familienanamnese zu analysieren um die Diagnostik verbessern zu können. METHODEN Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurde ein Kollektiv aus 133 Patienten mit sicherer oder wahrscheinliche sCJD mit bekannter Ausprägung am Codon-129 rekrutiert. Bei den Geschwistern, den Eltern oder den Großeltern mütterlicher- oder väterlicherseits lag ein Parkinsonsyndrom oder eine dementielle Erkrankung vor. Gegenüber gestellt wurde diesem eine Kontrollgruppe nach Zuordnung nach Geschlecht, Alter (+/- 5 Jahre) sowie PRnP-Codon 129-Genotyp. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der klinischen Symptomatik, den Liquorparametern und den Ergebnissen aus bildgebenden Verfahren wie Elektroenzephalographie, zerebraler Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie. ERGEBNISSE Erstes neurologisches Symptom waren zerebelläre Störungen (Ataxie), psychiatrische und visuelle Störungen, während eine dementielle Entwicklung erst im Verlauf hinzutrat. Beim Fortschreiten der Erkrankung wurden Pyramidenbahnzeichen häufiger und extrapyramidale Störungen deutlich seltener diagnostiziert. Insgesamt fiel vom klinischen Erscheinungsbild häufiger die Gruppe FA-Parkinson auf (beispielsweise häufiges Vorkommen von Antriebsstörungen), während FA-Demenz meist der Kontrollgruppe glich. Mit dem Nachweis von PSWC im EEG in 53 % bei FA-Demenz und 61 % bei FA-Parkinson übertrifft die Sensitivität der EEG-Untersuchung nicht die für die sCJD geltende von 64 % (Steinhoff et al. 2004). Mit einem Nachweis der Proteine 14-3-3 im Liquor in 96 % (FA-Demenz) und 100 % (FA-Parkinson) ergibt sich eine ebenso hohe Sensitivität wie für die sCJD bereits postuliert (94 %, Zerr et al. 2000a). Auch die Sensitivität der NSE ist bei den Patienten dieser Arbeit sehr hoch, während der Liquormarker S100b-Protein bei FA-Parkinson-Patienten deutlich seltener den cut-off-Wert erreicht. Ein CJD-typischer MRT-Befund (hyperintense Basalganglien oder kortikale Signalsteigerung) wurde nur in 52 % bei FA-Demenz und bei 49 % bei FA-Parkinson festgestellt. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG Schließlich lässt sich festhalten, dass bei diesen Patienten nicht vorwiegend eine Demenz wegweisend zur Diagnose ist, sondern auf das Vorliegen zerebellärer oder psychiatrischer Symptome geachtet werden muss. In der Diagnostik kommt dem EEG mit einer hohen Sensitivität eine große Bedeutung zu, während die MRTUntersuchung weniger wegweisend ist. Bei Morbus Parkinson in der Familie unterstützt die Liquoruntersuchung die Diagnostik nicht so stark, während gerade pathologische Werte des Tau-Proteins und des Amyloid-ß 1-42 bei Patienten mit Demenz in der Familie auf eine sCJD hindeuten.

Title: Doping Cases in Czech Sport Objectives: The main goal of this work is to analyze doping cases in the Czech Republic by doping findings in terms of doping substances and methods, other doping offense, sport, nature of sampling, sanctions, and gender. Then compare the results with the statistics of doping cases in the world. The purpose is to collect, compare, then process and clarify the current statistics doping cases. Methods: To create work were used document analysis, text interpretation, comparison, collection of data, information and subsequent processing. Results: Among the athletes were punished the most abused group of anabolic substances. The largest representation of all groups detected substances were marijuana and testosterone. Among many other anti-doping rule violations included failing to submit to doping control. Most of doping cases were detected in bodybuilding. Individual athletes were compared with the collective prone to doping. In team sports doping was most widespread among volleyball players, football players and hockey players. Athletes were tested more than the competition out of the competition. The most common punishment for violation of anti-doping rules was two years Ineligibility. The highest rate was granted a lifetime Ineligibility. The men were compared with...

Title: Doping Cases in Czech Sport Objectives: The main goal of this work is to analyze doping cases in the Czech Republic by doping findings in terms of doping substances and methods, other doping offense, sport, nature of sampling, sanctions, and gender. Then compare the results with the statistics of doping cases in the world. The purpose is to collect, compare, then process and clarify the current statistics doping cases. Methods: To create work were used document analysis, text interpretation, comparison, collection of data, information and subsequent processing. Results: Among the athletes were punished the most abused group of anabolic substances. The largest representation of all groups detected substances were marijuana and testosterone. Among many other anti-doping rule violations included failing to submit to doping control. Most of doping cases were detected in bodybuilding. Individual athletes were compared with the collective prone to doping. In team sports doping was most widespread among volleyball players, football players and hockey players. Athletes were tested more than the competition out of the competition. The most common punishment for violation of anti-doping rules was two years Ineligibility. The highest rate was granted a lifetime Ineligibility. The men were compared with...

O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é uma prevalente infecção do mundo atual, sendo o comportamento sexual um fator determinante para a o acometimento da infecção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o HPV em diferentes sítios de infecção, buscando um maior entendimento do seu mecanismo de disseminação. Foram analisadas amostras das mucosas cervical, oral e do sangue de 50 pacientes do sexo feminino. Foram identificados o HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31 e HPV-33. Nenhuma paciente foi negativa para os quatro tipos nos três sítios. O HPV-16 foi o mais detectado e o mais prevalente nos três sítios, simultaneamente, 32 pacientes apresentaram esse perfil. Todos os tipos virais presentes no sangue, também estavam presentes na mucosa cervical, na mucosa oral ou em ambas. Foram identificados seis achados citológicos, sugestivos da infecção pelo HPV. Foi realizada a detecção dos transcritos virais de E6, E6/E7 e L1 nos três sítios. Os resultados do nosso trabalho demonstram a alta prevalência do HPV, a atividade viral nos três sítios analisados e a provável disseminação do vírus. / Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent infections of the current world, with sexual behavior being one determining fator of infection. The objective of this study was to study HPV in different sites of infection, seeking a better understanding of its mechanism and spreading. Cervical, oral and blood mucosa samples from 50 female patients were analyzed. HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31 and HPV-33 were identified. No patient was negative in the four types at all three sites. HPV-16 was the most detected and the most prevalent in the three sites, simultaneously, 32 patients presented this profile. All viral types present in the blood were also present in the cervical mucosa, oral mucosa, or both. Six cytological findings were identified, suggestive of infection by HPV. Detection of viral transcripts of E6, E6 / E7 and L1 was performed at the three sites. The results of our study demonstrate the high prevalence of HPV, viral activity in the three sites analyzed and the probable virus spreading.