Les activités humaines, de loisir et professionnelles, vont en s’intensifiant sur les zones rocheuses intertidales. Le piétinement associé à ces activités, le remaniement des blocs pour rechercher des espèces consommables, ne sont pas sans incidence sur les biocénoses des milieux rocheux. Les conséquences de ces activités sur la structure et la dynamique des roches du médiolittoral et des champs de blocs de bas d’estran en particulier, nécessitent d'être caractérisées. A travers l’identification des espèces et descripteurs qui répondent le plus aux perturbations "piétinement des platiers rocheux" et "retournement des blocs par les pêcheurs à pied", des indicateurs écologiques simplifiés peuvent être dégagés et faciliter, à terme, le diagnostic de l’état de conservation de ces habitats. Les processus écologiques de dégradation et de déstructuration des biocénoses sous l'effet du piétinement passent par des interactions entre espèces très complexes. Les résultats d’expérimentations in situ soulignent des phénomènes de seuils très marqués, liés en particulier à la protection jouée par les algues brunes structurantes sur les autres espèces. L'étude du retournement des blocs par les pêcheurs à pied met en évidence une phase de mortalité presque totale des organismes fixés ou peu mobiles des blocs et une faible résilience de l’habitat. Le choix de stations de référence appropriées et l’utilisation des espèces et descripteurs les plus sensibles au retournement des blocs ont permis la création de deux indicateurs de perturbation. Déclinés à deux échelles spatiales différentes, ils sont applicables en routine par les scientifiques et les gestionnaires d’aires marines protégées. / Recreational and professional activities are intensifying on the rocky intertidal. The overturning of boulders and the trampling associated with human activities, have consequences on the structure and dynamic of rocky intertidal communities. Through the identification of species and descriptors that respond more to the disturbances “trampling of mediolittoral rock platforms” and “the overturning of low eulittoral boulders by hand-fishermen”, SMART indicators (Simple, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time limited indicator) can be created for the assessment of the conservation status of these habitats. The effects of trampling were tested with control approach. Experiments in situ underlined very complex interactions between species during the ecological processes of degradation of biocenoses. High thresholds of disturbance were also observed. They were particularly related to the protection played by structuring brown algae on other species. The study of boulder’s overturning highlighted a step of almost total mortality of fixed or low mobile organisms that live on upper or lower surfaces of boulders. Results also showed a low resilience of the habitat. The use of appropriate reference situations and of the most sensitive species to the boulder’s overturning, led to the creation of two ecological indicators. Declined to two different spatial scales, they may be applied routinely by scientists and managers of marine protected areas.

Aujourd’hui massivement pratiqués, les « sports et loisirs de nature » sont traversés par des tensions majeures à l’œuvre dans nos sociétés. Comment sont-ils remodelés par l’écologisation des sociétés, analysée ici comme un processus à la fois cognitif, normatif et politique ? Cette problématique est traitée à partir d’usages différents par leur histoire, leurs publics et leurs techniques (chasses anciennes, kayak de mer, chasse sous-marine et chasse à l’arc) mais travaillés par des processus analogues (naturalisation des espaces, sportivisation des usages) dans deux « hauts lieux de nature » en partie protégés, le bassin d’Arcachon et les Calanques de Marseille. Pour l’analyse de tels processus socio-environnementaux, nous avons opté pour une démarche pragmatiste, en retenant notamment les concepts-clés d’expérience, de trouble, d’enquête et de prise. La thèse défendue prend à contrepied le consensus écologique apparent : lorsqu’on les observe « en action », les normalisations écologiques actuelles créent davantage de tensions et de clivages au sein des collectifs d’usagers qu’elles ne les fédèrent. En situations de co-présence au quotidien, les usagers inscrits dans d’autres mondes sociaux que ceux de l’écologie et contrariés dans leurs « passions cognitives » se montrent ambivalents envers les normalisations écologiques. Ils sont partagés entre l'impératif social d’adhésion à l’exemplarité écologique et le rejet de ses appuis normatifs, individualisants et experts (« impact », « écocompatibilité » «écoresponsabilité »). Ces appuis normatifs sont particulièrement présents dans les espaces protégés (parc national des Calanques, réserve naturelle sur le bassin d’Arcachon), où l’écologisation est portée par des acteurs mandatés, les normes sont légales ou réglementaires et traduites en dispositifs de gestion. C’est seulement en tant qu’experts que certains usagers et porte-parole peuvent se faire entendre, sans que ne changent véritablement ni le collectif des participants, ni les manières de formuler les enjeux et les réponses à apporter. Au plan théorique, ces résultats interrogent certaines propositions du pragmatisme. D’un point de vue plus politique, ils nous amènent également à discuter les appuis normatifs des écologisations contemporaines. / More and more practiced, “nature sports and leisure” are affected by strong tensions of our societies. How ecologisation of societies – a cognitive, normative and political process – redefines them? This issue is addressed on the basis of various uses (traditional hunting, sea kayaking, submarine fishing, bowhunting) all affected by similar processes (naturalization of places, sportivisation of activities) in two major “places of nature” partly protected, the Arcachon bay and the creeks of Marseille. To analyse these socio-environmental processes, we have chosen a pragmatist approach, particularly with the key-concepts of experience, trouble, inquiry and “prise”. Our thesis refutes the apparent ecological consensus: when they are observed “in actions”, ecological normalisations create more tensions and splits between users than they federate them. In everyday life situations of co-presence, the users aloofs towards ecology - who belong to others social spheres and annoyed in their “cognitive passions” - are ambivalents towards ecological normalisations. They are torn between the social imperative of being ecologically exemplary and the refusal of the individual and expert machinery (“impact”, “ecocompatibility”, “ecoresponsability”) of this process. These norms are particularly strong in the protected areas (national park of Creeks, nature reserve of the Arcachon bay), where mandated actors support ecologisation and legal norms or rules are included in management devices. So it is only as experts that some users and spokesmen can be heard without real changes in the group of participants, nor the framing of the issues and decision-making. At a theoretical level, these results question some assumptions of pragmatism. From a more political point of view, they lead to discuss the normative machinery of contemporary ecologisations.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The study focusses on the transport sector, where company participation level is measured at approximately 20% of levy paying enterprises, and this level is mostly based on relatively high levels of participation from large and medium sized companies. The study explores the relationship between SETAs (sector education training authorities) and the companies within the sectors they are mandated to serve by researching the TETA maritime sub sector. The research focus is on small companies and the focus is specifically on the low rate of participation of smaller entities in the skills development landscape. The consequences of the lack of participation are investigated and the study concludes that the SETAs ability to effectively research its sector skills, as well as the SETAs ability to provide effective skills planning in support of the national agenda, are both negatively affected by current levels of poor participation. The research was conducted on small fishing companies registered with the Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA), in order to determine the reasons for low participation in the government mandatory grant scheme. The research is survey based across participating small companies and non-participating small companies.

La pesca es una de las actividades más importantes a nivel internacional por los beneficios económicos y nutricionales que brinda a la población mundial. El Perú se encuentra entre las principales potencias pesqueras con el 8% de producción anual. A pesar de ello, no existe un correcto control de las extracciones pesqueras, ni consciencia de conservación entre los pescadores, produciendo depredación de la fauna marina. Esto se evidencia en Pucusana, la sobrepoblación de pescadores que buscan medios para subsistir lleva a la sobreexplotación de la zona, teniendo como consecuencia una menor producción anual. El Proyecto tiene como finalidad intervenir el terminal pesquero de Pucusana, implementando áreas funcionales para el adecuado procesamiento pesquero. Para esto, se realizó el levantamiento del inmueble, con un respectivo análisis de la edificación y de su entorno, además, se consideró a los usuarios y las funciones para poder tener una mejor propuesta. Las estrategias organizativas, de experiencia, formal y espacial se llevaron a cabo gracias al diagnóstico generado luego del análisis, conectando de esta manera problemas existentes con una propuesta que los resuelva en el desarrollo de un Máster plan. El valor agregado se encuentra en el sector elegido del proyecto , el cual, se centra en la conexión del terminal con la ruta turística existente en el distrito de Pucusana a través de la creación de un mercado, unificando el proceso pesquero con el turismo, de esta forma se crea la posibilidad de tener una venta de productos pesqueros directa con el consumidor. El proyecto beneficiaría a los pescadores económicamente y culturalmente ya que también contarán con espacios para recibir charlas y clases referentes a la conservación marina, entre otros temas afines. / Fishing is one of the most important activities at the interna¬tional level due to the economic and nutritional benefits it provides to the world population. Peru is among the main fi¬shing powers with 8% of annual production. Despite this, the¬re is no proper control of fishing extractions, or conservation awareness for fishermen, causing predation of marine fauna. This is evidenced in Pucusana, the overpopulation of fisher¬men looking for means of subsistence leads to the overex¬ploitation of the area, resulting in a lower annual production. The purpose of the Project is to intervene in the Pucusana fishing terminal, implementing functional areas for adequate fish processing. For this, the survey of the property was carried out, with a respective analysis of the building and its surroundings, in addition, the users and the functions were considered to have a better proposal. The organizational, experience, formal and spatial strategies were carried out thanks to the diagnosis generated after the analysis, thus connecting existing problems with a proposal that resolves them in the development of a Master plan. The added value is found in the chosen sector of the project, which focuses on the connection of the terminal with the existing tourist route in the Pucusana district through the creation of a market, unifying the fishing process with tourism, in this way, the possibility of having a direct sale of fishery products with the consumer is created. The project would benefit fishermen economically and culturally because they will also have spaces to receive talks and classes related to marine conservation, among other related topics. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Actualmente, los países en vías de desarrollo (PED) vienen siendo blancos de interés de inversión para empresas multinacionales dedicadas al rubro alimentario, estos países cuentan con una amplia oferta de productos alimenticios. No obstante, en el caso de los productos congelados, estos países no suelen ser competitivos, al no contar con la adecuada implementación y gestión de la cadena de frío se obtienen grandes cantidades de desperdicios de comida y, por ende, pérdidas económicas. Perú es considerado un PED por lo cual, pese a tener una importante participación en la oferta de productos pesqueros de la región, no es indiferente a las consecuencias del mal manejo de la cadena de frío y el efecto sobre los márgenes de utilidad de los exportadores. Por ello, para estudiar esta problemática la presente tesis analizó los factores de la cadena de frío que influyeron en la cadena de valor de las empresas peruanas exportadoras de atunes de aleta amarilla congelados a Ecuador durante el periodo 2014-2018. Mediante la metodología con enfoque cualitativo, a través de entrevistas a especialistas del sector y empresas exportadoras de productos congelados. Se pudo determinar que el transporte, almacenaje, uso de tecnologías de información y la participación del estado son las principales variables de interés y relevancia. Asimismo, la trazabilidad sobre el control de temperatura ocasiona una buena gestión de calidad. Se demostró que se debe impulsar y fomentar la industria de frío por parte del gobierno peruano pues la oferta es escasa, por ende, los costos son elevados y hace que el sector no sea atractivo para posibles inversiones. Se recomienda tomar en cuenta para futuros estudios el papel del estado de los PED y su influencia en la implementación de la cadena de frío. / Currently, developing countries have been targets of investment interest for multinational companies dedicated to the food industry. These countries have a wide range of food products. However, in the case of frozen products, developing countries are not usually competitive, as they do not have the proper implementation and management of the cold chain. Large amounts of food waste are obtained and, therefore, economic losses. Peru is considered a developing country for which, despite having an important share in the supply of fishery products in the region, it is not indifferent to the consequences of poor management of the cold chain and the effect on exporters' profit margins. To study this problem, this thesis analyzed the cold chain factors that influenced the value chain of Peruvian companies exporting frozen yellowfin tuna except for livers, roe, and milk to Ecuador during the 2014-2018 period. Through the methodology with a qualitative approach, through interviews with specialists in the sector and companies that export frozen products. It was determined that transportation, storage, use of information technologies, and state participation are the main variables of interest and relevance. Also, traceability on temperature control leads to good quality management. It was shown that the cold industry should be promoted by the Peruvian government since the supply is scarce, therefore, the costs are high and makes the sector unattractive for possible investments. It is recommended to consider for future studies the role of the state of developing countries and their influence on the implementation of the cold chain. / Tesis

Aquatische Gemeinschaften sind stark körpergrößenstrukturiert mit einer exponentiellen Abnahme der Häufigkeit der Individuen mit zunehmender Körpergröße, die als Größenspektrum (SS) bezeichnet wird. Körpergrößenbasierte Ansätze bieten eine einfache und kostengünstige Methode zur Beantwortung komplexer ökologischer Fragestellungen in aquatischer Forschung. Widersprüchliche Ergebnisse zu den wichtigsten Faktoren, die Größenspektren beeinflussen unterstreichen jedoch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Studien. Um einige dieser widersprüchlichen Schlussfolgerungen anzugehen, habe ich eine Reihe von Fragen in den Bereichen Limnologie und Korallenriffökologie untersucht. In dieser Dissertation wurden größenbasierte Ansätze wie SS verwendet, um zu untersuchen, (i) was die Größenverteilung von Zooplankton beeinflusst und ob Zooplankton-fressende Fische (topdown) oder Ressourcenverfügbarkeit und Umweltbedingungen (bottom-up) die SS der Zooplanktongemeinschaft bestimmen, (ii) ob traditionelle Schleppnetze oder moderne hydroakustische Methoden Fisch-SS zuverlässiger darstellen, und (iii) ob SS von Korallenriff- Fischgemeinschaften und die strukturelle Komplexität der Korallen bzw. deren Beziehung zueinander sich unter verschiedenen anthropogenen Stressoren verändert. Zuallererst konnte ich zeigen, dass weder Top-down- noch Bottom-up-Kräfte stark die Größenverteilung der Zooplanktongemeinschaft beeinflussten. Zooplankton SS scheinen robust gegenüber Prädationseffekten zu sein, aber ein empfindlicher Indikator für die Energieverfügbarkeit und Transfereffizienz im Nahrungsnetz des untersuchten Sees. Des Weiteren konnten meine Studien bestätigen, dass hydroakustische Methoden die SS von pelagischen Fischgemeinschaften zuverlässig darstellen, was sie zu einer kostengünstigen und minimalinvasiven Alternative zu traditionellen Fischentnahmemethoden macht. Ich konnte jedoch kein allgemeingültiges Muster hinsichtlich der Größenverteilung von Korallenrifffischen und der strukturellen Komplexität der Korallen in Beziehung zu unterschiedlichen anthropogenen Stressoren finden. Insgesamt zeigt die Dissertation das weite Anwendungsspektrum von SS, um Strukturen und Prozesse in aquatischen Gemeinschaften und Fischfangmethoden zu untersuchen. Die hohe Variabilität von Größenspektren und der Einfluss von Umweltbedingungen unterstreicht weiter die Wichtigkeit, Daten über einen langen Zeitraum einzubeziehen. Darüber hinaus unterstreichen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit auch die Grenzen der Anwendung von SS, da für die Beantwortung mancher ökologischer Fragestellungen artenspezifische Informationen, wie Lebensraum- und Nahrungspräferenzen benötigt werden. / Aquatic communities are highly body-size structured with an exponential decline of abundance with increasing body size, which is referred to as the size spectrum (SS). The importance of body size as a principal and simplifying framework within aquatic communities, has led to a high number of theoretical and empirical studies on energy fluxes in food webs and predatorprey interactions using Size Spectra. These size-based approaches offer a rather simple and inexpensive method to answer complex ecological questions. However, conflicting findings on the key drivers of SS highlight the need for further studies. To address some of these conflicting conclusions, I investigated a range of questions within the fields of limnology and coral reef ecology. In this thesis size-based approaches such as SS were employed to explore (i) what drives zooplankton size distribution and whether zooplanktivorous fish (top-down) or resource availability and environmental condition (bottom-up) determine zooplankton community SS, (ii) whether traditional midwater trawling or modern hydroacoustic methods more reliably represent fish SS, and (iii) coral reef fish community SS and habitat structural complexity and their relationship across site-specific anthropogenic stressors. By analysing long term data, I first found that neither top-down or bottom-up forces drove the zooplankton community size distribution. Zooplankton SS seem robust against predation effects but a sensitive indicator for lake-wide energy availability and transfer efficiency in the food web. Then I found that hydroacoustic methods reliably represent pelagic fish community SS, making it a great alternative to traditional and more invasive fish removal sampling methods. Finally, I discovered that coral reef fish SS slope and structural complexity of the reef exhibited a significant negative relationship on two of the examined reef sites which are least exposed to anthropogenic disturbances. A consistent pattern of fish SS and reef complexity was missing, indicating that other environmental factors may also impact the assessed parameters. Overall, my studies show the range of applications of SS to effectively answer universal questions from trophic interactions and the importance of habitat characteristics in a community to a methodological comparison of fish sampling methods. The high variability of SS behaviour and the influence of environmental conditions further underlines the importance to include data on a large temporal scale. Community information, such as taxonomic identity and consideration of species-specific feeding and habitats preferences, for example, are still beneficial in some cases to answer ecologically questions extensively.

The geographical focus area of this essay is Holmöarna archipelago, which is a very large group of islands that are located a short distance to the east of the city Umeå, in northern Sweden, Västerbotten county. This essay is an attempt to uncover and provide knowledge regarding Holmöarna archipelago’s forgotten Iron Age period through the means of GIS-analysis, literary studies, a field visit, as well as morphological comparisons of ancient artefacts and monuments from the area. / Det geografiska fokusområdet i denna uppsats är Holmöarna skärgård, vilket är en mycket stor ögrupp som är lokaliserad ett kort avstånd öster om staden Umeå, i norra Sverige, Västerbottens län. Denna uppsats är ett försök att avslöja och förse information som har med Holmöarna skärgårds bortglömda järnålder att göra. Detta sker med hjälp av GIS-analyser, litterära studier, ett fältbesök, samt morfologiska jämförelser av artefakter och fornlämningar från området

Im ersten Teil meiner Arbeit habe ich den Einfluss von Seeentstehung und fischereilicher Bewirtschaftung auf Artenreichtum und Zusammensetzung der Fischgemeinschaften in kleinen Seen untersucht. Dafür habe ich fischereilich ungenutzte Naturseen als Referenz herangezogen und deren Fischgemeinschaft mit der von unbewirtschafteten Baggerseen, sowie fischereilich genutzten Baggerseen und Naturseen verglichen. Im zweiten Teil meiner Arbeit habe ich die Mechanismen der Totholzrekrutierung in Baggerseen untersucht und die Wichtigkeit von Totholz und anderen Litoralstrukturen im Vergleich zu den klassischen Seenvariablen Nährstoffgehalt und Seemorphologie auf die Fischabundanz im Litoral analysiert. Des Weiteren habe ich die Habitat-spezifischen Effekte auf die artspezifische, litorale Fischabundanz und die Effekte von zusätzlich eingebrachten Totholzbündeln auf die Abundanz typischer Fischarten in Baggerseen analysiert. Ich habe herausgefunden, dass fischereiliche Bewirtschaftung die Anzahl der Fischarten in Bagger- und Naturseen erhöht ohne die Zusammensetzung der Fischgemeinschaft im Vergleich zu fischereilich ungenutzten Naturseen signifikant zu verändern. Im Gegensatz dazu unterscheidet sich die Fischgemeinschaft in fischereilich ungenutzten Baggerseen durch das Fehlen von typischen Seefischarten und eine hohe Variabilität in der Zusammensetzung zwischen den Gewässern. Ich konnte zeigen, dass die litorale Totholzmenge in Baggerseen durch die Baumdichte am Ufer in Kombination mit der Windrichtung, durch fischereiliche Bewirtschaftung in Interaktion mit der Uferneigung und das Alter der Gewässer getrieben wird und entsprechend in jungen Baggerseen niedriger ist als in alten Naturseen. Ich fand heraus, dass Litoralstrukturen, wie Totholz, wertvolle Lebensräume darstellen, wichtige Deskriptoren der art-spezifischen, litoralen Fischabundanz sind und die Fischabundanz grundsätzlich mit der Strukturmenge ansteigt. / In the first part of my thesis, I studied the effects of lake genesis and fisheries management on fish species richness and community composition in small lakes. I used fish communities in unmanaged natural lakes as reference and compared them to unmanaged gravel pit lakes as well as managed gravel pit and natural lakes. In the second part, I investigated the recruitment of littoral deadwood in gravel pit lakes and analysed the importance of deadwood and other littoral structures on littoral fish abundance in gravel pit lakes compared to the lake environmental variables such as nutrient level and lake morphology. I further analysed habitat-specific effects on species-specific littoral fish abundance and focussed explicitly on the effects of deadwood bundles implemented in the littoral zone. I found fisheries management to increase the number of fish species in gravel pit and natural lakes, but not leading to different fish community compositions compared to unmanaged natural lakes. By contrast, unmanaged gravel pit lakes were characterized by a lack of typical lake fish species and a high variation in fish community composition among lakes (β-diversity). I detected littoral deadwood densities in gravel pit lakes to be mainly driven by lake age, riparian tree density in interaction with wind direction and littoral slope in angler-managed lakes, with lowest deadwood densities in shallow areas of angler-managed lakes. Furthermore, deadwood densities were lower in young gravel pit lakes compared to old natural lakes. I detected littoral structures, such as littoral deadwood, as appropriate habitats and important descriptors of the species-specific, littoral fish abundance in gravel pit lakes with generally positive effects of structure extension on fish abundance. Littoral habitat characteristics were mostly of similar, or even higher, importance for fish abundance compared to lake environmental factors.

Text in English / Ruti dam is located on the Nyazvidzi river, and is home to many Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus), which rely on fish and livestock for food. The community also relies on the dam and riverine for its resources. The investigation of crocodile impacts on humans and livestock, the trends and seasonality of attacks and identification of other predators resulted in formulation of research. The field interviews, using a structured questionnaire, field observation and focused group discussions were mainly used in data collection. Threats posed by crocodiles were identified as mainly human and livestock depredation, which has increased since the introduction of the crocodiles into the dam. The crocodile depredation varies between seasons, due to differences in water levels in the dam, and availability of alternative water sources. The attacks were mostly during the dry season and at the beginning of the wet season, when there were fewer water sources and when the water was dark and murky. The study assessed the human-crocodile conflict situation, based on interviews with the local residents and focused group discussions with fishermen. The conflict arose with livestock farmers after animal kills and fishermen, in cases of death, injury or damage to fishing gear. The killing of either humans or livestock was during the early hours of the day. Hostile attitudes of the residents towards crocodiles were high (83.9%). The majority, given the chance to eliminate the crocodile, would do so mercilessly. These negative attitudes can only be ameliorated when the damage is adequately compensated. The absence of compensation has increased the conflict, though no retaliation is taken against the crocodiles. The crocodiles prefer cattle in their kills (41% and 48%), followed by goats (38% and 25%), and, lastly, humans, in Buhera Rural District Council (BRDC) and Gutu Rural District Council (GRDC), respectively. Livestock farmers who stay close to the dam and Nyazvidzi suffer more losses, as their animals are more oftenly exposed to the dangers of crocodile predation, than those of farmers who stay far away, as they can use alternative water sources, and their animals are less likely to be exposed to the dangers of the crocodiles. The settlement pattern in BRDC has had an influence on predation. The farmers have also developed new livestock management techniques to reduce the loss of livestock. The fishermen suffer net damage on most occasions of their fish catches, as the crocodile might have learnt to follow the plastic floats on the water for easier prey from the nets. The fishing strategies have been developed to reduce fish loss. The death of fishermen is mostly that of people who enter the dam without canoes; no deaths were recorded of fishermen in canoes. Also, no capsizing of canoes has been recorded in Ruti dam, as fishermen always move in groups. Attacks in the Nyazvidzi River were on women and schoolchildren. Hyenas, as with the crocodile, have contributed to high kills of livestock (71.1%) and human kills were also reported in 2012 and July 2013. Though conflicts exist in the area, recommendations were made which might help to lower the conflicts. Educational campaigns and direct incentives from predator losses were identified as the main factors in conflict resolutions. The information on the importance of the predators and how or when it kills should be taught to respondents as they will be able to protect their livelihood. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

There are many optimistic and pessimistic views on integrated quality management systems based on international standards. Many businesses have not benefited in terms of operational, quality or business performance, while many others have indicated that the implementation of integrated quality management systems based on an international system standard or other standards has led to improved operational performance and quality, which in turn has resulted in improved business results. The main research problem is therefore to identify the effect of an IQMS on a fishing company and, secondly, to determine whether such a system is compatible with the fishing industry as a whole. By addressing these questions, a perception of the value of an IQMS for the fishing company under study was be obtained. The main research question was: “What is the effect of an integrated quality management system on a leading fish product manufacturer Different research approaches were used to determining the value of such an IQMS in a leading fish product manufacture. The study confirmed that the IQMS has a positive effect on the fish product manufacturer. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)