This paper is a morphological structure-analysis of icelandic tales to determine their common and distinguishable components in relation to one another and to the russian folktale with Vladimir Propp’s book Morphology of the Folktale (1968) as theoretical basis. The paper looks at the Poetic Edda and Njals saga and the functions of the actions for each other and for the story as a whole. Although the icelandic tales shows great similarities with the russian folktale in general, it also shows deviations. The functions have sometimes appeared on inverted positions, and in a full third of the stories the evil has won over the good in a crucial struggle, but has in 90 % of these stories still been punished before the end. In seven of the thirty tales the story has ended with a foreboding of misfortune or lack. My conclusion is therefore that the icelandic tales indeed shows a common morphological structure, but also deviations in relation to Propps conclusions which could function as a basis of critique against his theory as well as a foundation for future research to improve his theory.

The purpose of the study is to review the short stories of S M Mofokeng and M P Pelo critically in an attempt to interrogate their skills and techniques with a view to establishing how they complement each other. Furthermore the approach to the study will be informed by an integrated comparison and contrasting process. In the main, this study deals with how the authors who wrote at different time periods differ in style, albeit on the same discipline, the short story. The study comprises the introductory section, which includes the aims, method of approach, forerunners of the short stories, biographical sketches of the authors and organisation of the study. The setting, functions of the setting and definitions of keywords are also discussed. Characterization and the method of presenting characters is explained and the elements of style are identified and dealt with. A summary of the findings as well as the conclusion of the study is provided. / African Languages

A coletânea Contos populares russos, lançada de 1855 a 1863 em oito volumes, foi resultado do cuidadoso trabalho de Aleksandr N. Afanássiev (1826-1871), responsável pela reunião e publicação de cerca de 600 textos presentes nessa obra, que ganhou destaque por ser a primeira coletânea de contos populares russos de caráter científico, tornando-se assim um importante material de estudo, além de apresentar a poesia e o humor inerentes aos contos. Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar a trajetória desse pesquisador, que se dedicou não somente ao conto mas também a outras manifestações folclóricas, assim como traçar a evolução da presença do conto popular na vida literária e científica russa, fato que proporcionou o surgimento de diversos estudos folclorísticos, e apresentar alguns traços recorrentes do conto de magia. Para tanto, as pesquisas de Vladímir Propp, que muito se dedicou à cultura popular, em especial ao conto de magia, foram de extrema importância. Esta dissertação apresenta ainda a tradução de onze contos de magia, cujo critério de seleção foi a presença das diferentes representações do personagem folclórico Baba-Iagá, e um breve estudo dos seus traços de acordo com as teorias proppianas. / The collection Russian folktales, brought out from 1855 to 1863 in eight volumes, was the result of the careful work by Aleksandr N. Afanássiev (1826-1871), responsible for the gathering and publishing of around 600 texts in this work. Afanássiev´s work was the first Russian folktales collection with a scientific approach, it became a fundamental study material, besides presenting the tales inherent poetry and humour. This dissertation has the objective to introduce Afanássiev´s path, who devoted himself not only to the tale but also to other folklorist expressions, as well as to outline the evolution of the folktale presence in the literary and scientific Russian life, making possible the appearance of many folklorist studies. Another purpose of this work is to present some recurring traits from the tales of magic. For this intention, Vladimir Propp´s works, who dedicated a lot of his time to the popular culture, and in particular, to the tales of magic, were extremely important to us. This dissertation also presents the translation into Portuguese of eleven tales of magic, in which the selection criteria was the presence of different representations of the folktale character Baba-Iagá, of which a short assessment is made of its traits, in accordance with Propp´s theories.

A coletânea Contos populares russos, lançada de 1855 a 1863 em oito volumes, foi resultado do cuidadoso trabalho de Aleksandr N. Afanássiev (1826-1871), responsável pela reunião e publicação de cerca de 600 textos presentes nessa obra, que ganhou destaque por ser a primeira coletânea de contos populares russos de caráter científico, tornando-se assim um importante material de estudo, além de apresentar a poesia e o humor inerentes aos contos. Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar a trajetória desse pesquisador, que se dedicou não somente ao conto mas também a outras manifestações folclóricas, assim como traçar a evolução da presença do conto popular na vida literária e científica russa, fato que proporcionou o surgimento de diversos estudos folclorísticos, e apresentar alguns traços recorrentes do conto de magia. Para tanto, as pesquisas de Vladímir Propp, que muito se dedicou à cultura popular, em especial ao conto de magia, foram de extrema importância. Esta dissertação apresenta ainda a tradução de onze contos de magia, cujo critério de seleção foi a presença das diferentes representações do personagem folclórico Baba-Iagá, e um breve estudo dos seus traços de acordo com as teorias proppianas. / The collection Russian folktales, brought out from 1855 to 1863 in eight volumes, was the result of the careful work by Aleksandr N. Afanássiev (1826-1871), responsible for the gathering and publishing of around 600 texts in this work. Afanássiev´s work was the first Russian folktales collection with a scientific approach, it became a fundamental study material, besides presenting the tales inherent poetry and humour. This dissertation has the objective to introduce Afanássiev´s path, who devoted himself not only to the tale but also to other folklorist expressions, as well as to outline the evolution of the folktale presence in the literary and scientific Russian life, making possible the appearance of many folklorist studies. Another purpose of this work is to present some recurring traits from the tales of magic. For this intention, Vladimir Propp´s works, who dedicated a lot of his time to the popular culture, and in particular, to the tales of magic, were extremely important to us. This dissertation also presents the translation into Portuguese of eleven tales of magic, in which the selection criteria was the presence of different representations of the folktale character Baba-Iagá, of which a short assessment is made of its traits, in accordance with Propp´s theories.

Orientador: Maria Betânia Amoroso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_EvaAparecidade_D.pdf: 2179062 bytes, checksum: 61aca1792eb8aca46254c3f7ae732cea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Italo Calvino dedicou dois anos de trabalho, durante a década de 1950, ainda no começo de sua carreira, "para dar à Itália o seu Grimm". Tendo como base um extenso material reunido a partir de coletâneas regionais, elaboradas por estudiosos durante a segunda metade do século XIX, a empresa se baseou em leitura e reescrita das narrativas da tradição popular, mas não se limitou a tradução e organização do volume. Passando os contos da tradição pela pena do escritor, elaborou o "seu" livro de contos populares. O trabalho com o gênero, porém, produziu outros frutos. Ao identificar nos textos da tradição popular estruturas e motivos que vinham ao encontro de suas próprias aspirações estilísticas, soube utilizar esse conhecimento de forma a ampliar suas possibilidades narrativas. O "fiabesco", o "fantástico" e a "ficção científica" de Calvino possuem suas raízes nesses elementos. Já no final prematuro de sua carreira, ao deixar para o século XX suas propostas de literatura reunidas nas cinco conferências de Lezioni Americane, é justamente do conto popular que o autor vai retirar alguns dos exemplos do que acredita serem valores importantes para o futuro da narrativa / Abstract: In the beginning of his career during the 1950's, Italo Calvino has dedicated two years of his work to "give Italy their Grimm". Based on an extensive material gathered from regional collections during the second half of the nineteenth century, this achievement has relied on reading and rewriting narratives of popular tradition but it was not limited to translation and organization of the volume. Passing tradition tales by his feather, the writer wrote "his" book of popular tales. However the work with the genre produced good fruits. Identifying in popular tradition texts structures and reasons that supported his stylistic aspirations, he knew how to use this knowledge in order to expand his narrative possibilities. Calvino's "fiabesco", "fantastic" and "science fiction" have their roots in these elements. In the premature end of his career, by leaving for the twentieth century his literature proposal collected into five Lezioni Americane conferences, the author will highlight from popular tales some examples he believes that are important values for the future of narrative / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutora em Teoria e História Literária

Owing to changes brought by modernisation, folktales and other folklore genres are often looked down upon, and thought by many to be outdated. The aim of this study is to explore manipulative behaviour in Siswati folktales. The study glanced at how manipulation is used in folktales, i.e. the causes and key strategies used by manipulators to manipulate their victims. The focus was on the conformism of manipulation in folktales, to current practice of manipulation in different social institutions, implication of manipulation, and how manipulation could be controlled. The researcher used the qualitative research method to collect and analyse data. To achieve the objectives of the study, data was collected from 28 folktale books that were purposefully selected for the purpose of providing information to answer the research questions. All data collected was analysed using ’Neuman’s (2000) Analytic Approach whereby the Method of Agreement and the Method of Difference was utilised. Data was categorised into different themes teased from the folktales for analysis. Based on the findings of the research, it is evident that manipulation prevails in Siswati folktales. Different characters are being manipulated in different settings using different strategies and tools. The powerful manipulate the less powerful, the intelligent manipulate the less gifted, and the rich manipulate the poor, while the knowledgeable manipulate the ignorant. The research findings relate very well with the current manipulative behaviour practiced by different social institutions and almost every individual and society is affected. Furthermore, the research reveals that manipulation can be curbed if current victims of manipulation decide to expose manipulative acts and join forces to fight the manipulator. In this case, it is recommended that different stakeholders from various departments join forces to fight manipulative tendencies that prevail in different institutions and society as a whole. The present study may revitalize the urge and the need to reconsider the study of folktales, since their themes remain the same. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Languages, Linguistics and Literature)

The purpose of the study is to review the short stories of S M Mofokeng and M P Pelo critically in an attempt to interrogate their skills and techniques with a view to establishing how they complement each other. Furthermore the approach to the study will be informed by an integrated comparison and contrasting process. In the main, this study deals with how the authors who wrote at different time periods differ in style, albeit on the same discipline, the short story. The study comprises the introductory section, which includes the aims, method of approach, forerunners of the short stories, biographical sketches of the authors and organisation of the study. The setting, functions of the setting and definitions of keywords are also discussed. Characterization and the method of presenting characters is explained and the elements of style are identified and dealt with. A summary of the findings as well as the conclusion of the study is provided. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Unlike in the days of yore where storytelling was primarily known for its entertainment value, storytelling should be harnessed to make people's livelihood. Chapter 1 serves as prologue wherein the background of the study, problem statement, statement of aims, research methodology, research questions, hypotheses, definition of terms and organization of the study are presented. Storytelling began with the aim of transmitting the culture of people from one generation to another. There are different theories to account for the origin of stories. The identified problem is that storytelling is dying because it has not yet been professionalised in African languages. For storytelling to become viable in South Africa, storytellers have to be economically empowered. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed in this study. Various questions have been prepared for use when interviewing the respondents. As a point of departure, the research hypotheses were laid down. Various concepts used in the study have been defined in order to clarify any misconceptions. For a study to follow a predetermined plan, it has to be organised in its initial stage. For that reason what has been discussed in each chapter has been summarised in the first chapter. Chapter 2 presents views of scholars, researchers and authors in general on how storytelling could be professionalised. The factors which retard the professionalisation of storytelling were also provided. The furnished views are classified according to their similarity. In Chapter 3, the methodology used in the gathering of research data is outlined. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used, but the qualitative method more extensively because this is an explorative study. Data was collected through interviewing, questionnaires, documents and observation methods. Two sampling methods were used to select the respondents: the snowball sampling method and the judgmental or purposeful sampling design. The setting of the study was determined by the accessibility and the willingness of the respondents to use the site. Once the data was collected, it was analysed and interpreted. Chapter 4 focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the research data collected through interviews, questionnaires and systematic observations. During data analysis, similar themes from different respondents were combined in order to interpret the main findings. All such themes are discussed under major categories. In this chapter, themes were identified in relation to how storytelling might be professionalised. The fifth chapter outlines the main findings arrived at during the analysis and the interpretation of the data. To make this study more pragmatic, the findings are accompanied by suggested recommendations. The final chapter provides a general conclusion to the entire study. The success of professionalised storytelling and storytellers, the implications in terms of teaching and professionalisation, the implications for further study and the limitations of the study are also dealt with in this chapter. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Unlike in the days of yore where storytelling was primarily known for its entertainment value, storytelling should be harnessed to make people's livelihood. Chapter 1 serves as prologue wherein the background of the study, problem statement, statement of aims, research methodology, research questions, hypotheses, definition of terms and organization of the study are presented. Storytelling began with the aim of transmitting the culture of people from one generation to another. There are different theories to account for the origin of stories. The identified problem is that storytelling is dying because it has not yet been professionalised in African languages. For storytelling to become viable in South Africa, storytellers have to be economically empowered. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed in this study. Various questions have been prepared for use when interviewing the respondents. As a point of departure, the research hypotheses were laid down. Various concepts used in the study have been defined in order to clarify any misconceptions. For a study to follow a predetermined plan, it has to be organised in its initial stage. For that reason what has been discussed in each chapter has been summarised in the first chapter. Chapter 2 presents views of scholars, researchers and authors in general on how storytelling could be professionalised. The factors which retard the professionalisation of storytelling were also provided. The furnished views are classified according to their similarity. In Chapter 3, the methodology used in the gathering of research data is outlined. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used, but the qualitative method more extensively because this is an explorative study. Data was collected through interviewing, questionnaires, documents and observation methods. Two sampling methods were used to select the respondents: the snowball sampling method and the judgmental or purposeful sampling design. The setting of the study was determined by the accessibility and the willingness of the respondents to use the site. Once the data was collected, it was analysed and interpreted. Chapter 4 focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the research data collected through interviews, questionnaires and systematic observations. During data analysis, similar themes from different respondents were combined in order to interpret the main findings. All such themes are discussed under major categories. In this chapter, themes were identified in relation to how storytelling might be professionalised. The fifth chapter outlines the main findings arrived at during the analysis and the interpretation of the data. To make this study more pragmatic, the findings are accompanied by suggested recommendations. The final chapter provides a general conclusion to the entire study. The success of professionalised storytelling and storytellers, the implications in terms of teaching and professionalisation, the implications for further study and the limitations of the study are also dealt with in this chapter. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

This thesis investigates the correlation between narrative structure and gender of the central character in Russian folktales. The study is based on Vladimir Propp’s theory of functions, which is applied to a sample of ten wonder tales from Aleksandr Afanas’ev’s collection of folktales. The purpose of the study is to determine if there are any gender distinctions in the arrangement and manifestation of functions in the selected tales.The findings suggest that the narrative structure of Russian folktales differs depending on the gender of the tale’s protagonist. Structural features such as the acts of interdiction and violation are found to be characteristic of tales with female protagonists, while the structure of tales with male protagonists is distinguished by a greater extent of activity. The conclusion is that Russian folktales appear to reflect gender stereotypes on a structural level, especially the preconceived notion that obedience and passivity are female traits. / Предметом исследования данной дипломной работы является взаимосвязь между нарративной структурой десяти народных русских сказок и половой принадлежностью героев этих же сказок. В исследовании применена теория функций действующих лиц В. Я. Проппа на материале сказок из сборника А.Н. Афанасьева. Цель исследования: установить, показывает ли нарративная структура выбранных сказок половое различие относительно состава и манифестации функций действующих лиц.Результаты исследования указывают на то, что структура народных русских сказок варьируется в зависимости от половой принадлежности протагониста. Сказки, где главные герои женщины, характеризуются действиями запрета и его нарушения, тогда как сказки с протагонистами мужского пола отличаются большей степенью активности. Вывод предлагаемой работы заключается в том, что структурный уровень народных русских сказок отражает гендерные стереотипы, в особенности предвзятое мнение о том, что послушание и пассивность – черты характера, присущие женщинам.