Studiens syfte var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av stress och copingstrategier i det ideella ledarskapet. Deltagarna var kvinnor med flera års erfarenhet av ideellt ledarskap. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes (M=46 min) på åtta deltagare, transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av principer för tematisk analys. Fyra huvudtema identifierades, Otydlig rollfördelning skapar överbelastning, Ifrågasättande från olika håll skapar tvivel, Ordning och reda skapar kontroll och Kommunikation bidrar till stöd. Därtill identifierades sju undertema, Se alla spelare på och utanför planen, Administration - ett nödvändigt ont, Tvivel från utomstående, Inre tvivel på egen kapacitet, Ledarstabens vilja att hjälpa, Egna familjen – en del av livspusslet och Föräldrar till undsättning. Huvudtema och undertema har bidragit till att svara på studiens två frågeställningar. Det finns flera skäl till att kvinnor som ideella ledare upplever stress och en effektiv copingstrategi antas leda till att fler kvinnor stannar kvar som ideell ledare inom idrotten och bidrar till föreningsmiljön där barn och ungdomar växer upp och utvecklas till goda hälsosamma samhällsmedborgare. / The study aims to describe women's experience of stress and coping in non-profit leadership. The participants were women with several years of experience as non-profit coaches. Eight semistructured interviews were conducted (M=46 min), transcribed, and analyzed using principles of thematic analysis. Four primary themes were identified, Unclear role creates overload, Questions from different parts create doubt, Scheduling creates control, and Communication contributes support. In addition, seven secondary themes were identified, Acknowledging all players on and off the pitch, Administration - the necessary harm, Doubts from outside, Inner doubts of own capacity, Colleague’s willingness to help, The own family – part of life puzzle, and Parents come to rescue. Primary themes and secondary themes have contributed to answering the two questions of the study. There are several reasons why non-profit women coaches experience stress and an effective coping strategy is assumed to lead to more women remaining as non-profit leaders in sports and contributingto the associations' environment where children and adolescents grow up and develop into healthy citizens.

The aim of this study was to explore the career development of Swedish female elite football coaches, how they have experienced their journey as a coach, what have been perceived as prosperities and adversities, how that has affected and been handled by the participants. Collecting the data by low-structured interviews, thus the participants got to describe their journey, in chronological order, following a couple of key questions. The participants consisted of 12 Swedish elite female women football coaches. The analyzing method used was a reflexive thematic analysis. The data analysis resulted in three main themes: Beginning - From player-to-coach transition, Continuation - Searching for sustainability and, Today - Making decisions for the future. These in turn have sub-themes that explain the participants' different experiences from their journey, for example challenges and strategies. The primary conclusion made was that sustainability among the participants was of great importance for their journeys. Implications that the study can contributed to are new knowledge for future female coaches, sports organizations and how they can work to facilitate and create a more sustainable journey, to, eventually, making the profession more attractive.

This dissertation was centered on how the theory 'turning points' explained African American coaches ascension to Head Football Coach at a NCAA Division I FBS school. This work (1) identified traits and characteristics coaches felt they needed in order to become a head coach and (2) described the significant events and people (turning points) in their lives that have influenced their career. This study employed a Constant Comparative method in which participants answered interview questions designed for them to elaborate on their educational and athletic careers, and those events and people who were major influences in their careers. Commonalities and discords from participant responses resulted in the discovery of five major themes. The themes identified were: Faith, Family, Graduation from college and participation in sport, Joining professional associations, and Previous coaches/administrators worked for/under. The identification and explanation of specific turning points suggest a blueprint for African American assistant coaches aspiring to become a head coach while also providing opportunities for current athletic administrators to increase their attempts at expanding their own networks to include more African Americans as strong candidates for potential open positions for Head Football Coach.

The dual role of classroom teacher and athletic coach is commonly combined in public school systems, often resulting in job related conflicts. The purpose of this study was to examine the job attitudes of teacher-coaches as perceived by teacher-football coaches (n=283) and high school principals (n=43) and identify areas where role preference occurred. The teacher-coaches and principals responded to a job attitude instrument designed to measure attitudes concerning job related tension, participation in decision making, job involvement and job satisfaction during the roles of teaching and coaching.

Sports coaching has struggled to gain credibility as a profession. It has previously been described as a pseudo profession, though in recent years there have been a number of attempts to rectify this view in order to formally recognize coaching as a profession. Most literature on the professions focuses on the more established professions, with very little research undertaken into the professional development of football (soccer) coaches. The research undertaken examined the ways in which Scottish football coaches learnt their ‘trade’ once they had achieved their initial certification – in other words, how they became socialised into the profession of football coach in Scotland. In order to achieve this aim a number of different samples were examined. First, a sample of aspiring, young professional players were examined, followed by a sample of full time young professionals. Further, two samples of coaches undertaking their initial accreditation courses (SFA UEFA ‘B’ Licence and SFA UEFA ‘A’ Licence - this latter award being essential to become a full time professional football coach in Scotland). Finally, a sample of senior coaches (those that had been practising for at least five years) was examined. The methodology of choice was that of Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) which enabled an idiographic analysis of each coach to be carried out. Using the Repertory Grid (Repgrid) technique all samples, which were exclusively male, completed a grid and the group of senior coaches also had their grid data further analysed using the ‘Laddering’ approach, which enabled a more detailed set of core constructs to be derived. In addition, the development of the ‘Snake’ interview approach, enabled a more detailed examination of senior, elite coaches’tract development. This format enabled the senior coaches to describe perceived critical incidents that had occurred in their professional lives and discussed what meaning such incidents had in their professional development. Results indicated that there was a mismatch between what young professional players thought that coaches should do and what coaches actually did in their daily practice. Further, differences in constructs between “B” level, coaches and “A” level coaches and senior coaches were clearly definable. There was little evidence to support idealistic notions of what should happen in learning situations with senior professional coaches and reasons for such were discussed. It was argued that much more attention should be paid by the National Governing Body, the Scottish Football Association (SFA), to ensure that courses should be better structured to be more relevant to neophyte coaches in their initial learning. Thus, once these coaches become formally qualified (certificated) more precise mechanisms, in terms of realistic Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes, mentoring of coaches at all levels and the establishment and encouragement of ongoing and accepted communities of practice, coaches will benefit and develop as professionals from such continuous life-long learning opportunities.

Submitted by Arthur Sales Pinto (arthur@industriadebase.com) on 2018-11-09T16:12:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOIA OU GENTE - Dissertação.pdf: 3056334 bytes, checksum: 4757a10dd780f1e29c795d0483596d2a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-11-12T12:52:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_as_me_rcla.pdf: 3056334 bytes, checksum: 4757a10dd780f1e29c795d0483596d2a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T12:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_as_me_rcla.pdf: 3056334 bytes, checksum: 4757a10dd780f1e29c795d0483596d2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-23 / Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se entender como o treinador das categorias de base do futebol masculino no Brasil, na faixa etária sub-15, define o jovem jogador, levando em consideração as possíveis influências mercadológicas e midiáticas em seu ambiente de trabalho e, consequentemente, em seu olhar. No meio do futebol, é usual que jogadores sejam descritos como mercadorias. Um exemplo disso é a palavra joia, usada como referência a um jovem jogador de grande talento ou potencial. Também são frequentes relatos de que, nos ambientes de formação, jovens jogadores enfrentam situações como distanciamento escolar e familiar, além de diversos tipos de abusos conflitantes com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), uma lei federal que versa sobre os direitos básicos de crianças e jovens no Brasil. Por meio de entrevistas com 25 treinadores da categoria sub-15 de clubes de futebol filiados à Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF); da análise da Lei Pelé e do Certificado de Clube Formador (CCF), que regula a relação de trabalho entre clubes e jovens jogadores; da descrição de jogadores como “joias” em sites jornalísticos especializados; do ECA e de documentos balizadores da ética profissional na área da Educação Física, formação frequente dos treinadores de futebol no Brasil; e com o auxílio dos estudos de mídia e esporte de Bourdieu e Mauro Betti, verificou-se que o modo como os treinadores entrevistados definem os jovens jogadores se apresentou distanciado do praticado pela mídia, demonstrando uma baixa influência da segunda sobre as definições dos primeiros. Enquanto a mídia define, frequentemente, o jovem jogador como uma mercadoria, ou joia, o treinador o enxerga de maneira mais humanizada. As influências midiáticas apontadas na rotina do treinador se relacionam mais ao ambiente de trabalho. Em contrapartida, de acordo com as respostas dos entrevistados, os clubes enxergam os mesmos jovens muito mais como mercadorias do que como seres humanos, conceito próximo do que é apresentado na redação do artigo 29 da Lei Pelé, que versa sobre a relação de trabalho entre clube e jogador em formação. Em relação aos direitos básicos dos jovens jogadores, dados disponibilizados pela CBF sobre o CCF e pela Federação Paulista de Futebol (FPF) sobre competições sub-15 reforçam a impressão de que as violações ao ECA são frequentes nos centros de formação e, por conta disso, o treinador se encontra atuando em um ambiente que o coloca em conflito tanto com o próprio estatuto quanto com documentos balizadores da ética de sua profissão. O desempenho profissional dos treinadores é avaliado majoritariamente por questões esportivas, sendo pouco observada a sua conduta ou o processo de formação humana dos jovens jogadores, de modo que, de acordo com as respostas dos entrevistados, os treinadores são pouco exigidos nesses dois aspectos pelos seus empregadores. / This study aims to understand how youth football coaches (U - 15) define young players, considering po s sible influences from media and market on those definitions and on the coaches’ work environment. In side the football environment, including all its agents, it is usual t o describe players as commodities, like the example: jewel is a word used to describe young talented players. Different sources indicate that young players face situations like: being held off school and family and many kinds of abuse, w h ich oppose to “Est atuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA)”, a Brazilian children ’ s rights federal law. By interviewing 25 U - 15 coaches working on “Confederação Brasileira de Futebol” (CBF) ’s filiated clubs, and through the analisis of “lei Pelé” and “Certificado de Clube Fo rmador” (CCF), which regulates the employee relationship between young players and clubs ; the use of the word jewel to describe players in sports websites ; the ECA and ethical profesional guidelines in Ph y s i cal Education ( most of the coach e s have this degr ee ) and support ed by Bourdieu and Betti’s media an d sport studies, it has been shown that the way coaches define the young players is not close to the one performed by the media, indicating its low influence on coaches’ young - player definitions. Media defi nes, usually, young players as c ommodities, or jewels, while coaches have a more humanized understanding about them. Media influences are more related to its impact over coaches’ work e nvironment. Otherwise, according to coaches’ answers, for the clubs, young players are much more like commodities than human beings . A very similar understanding is shown in lei Pele’s 29 th article. About the young players’ rights, data from CCF’s , CBF and Federação Paulista de Futebol ( FPF) from tournments reafirm the assumption that ECA’s violations happen oftenly in youth academies, w h ich indicates that the coaches’ work environment pushes them against ECA and Phisycal Education profes s ional ethical guidelines. According to coaches’ an swers, they are evaluated basically for sports results , players’ human development , and professional beha viour are almost not considered by their employers.

Den ideella sektorn i Sverige är den som aktiverar flest barn och unga (4-25 år) och fotboll är den idrott som är överlägset störst i Sverige. Även i Malmö är fotboll den idrott som aktiverar flest barn och unga. Tyvärr är de barn och unga som är aktiva inom fotbollen främst pojkar och flickorna blir färre och färre för varje år. Enligt Ung Livsstil forskningsrapport från 2017 var fotbollen på flicksidan svagare i Malmö än i övriga Sverige. Syftet med denna studie är därför att ge en djupare förståelse för vilka förutsättningar tränare i fotbollsföreningar upplever att de har för att skapa fotbollsverksamhet för flickor i Malmö. Vilka hinder och möjligheter stöter tränarna på och hur ser de på framtida tillväxt? Studiens empiriska material består av sex kvalitativa intervjuer samt styrdokument och lokala strategier från Fritidsförvaltningen, Malmö Stad. Vid analys av det empiriska materialet har Pierre Bourdieus kapitalteorier och Yvonne Hirdmans teori kring genussystem och genuskontrakt använts.  Studiens resultat visade att de köns- och genusnormer som finns i samhället påverkade tränarnas förutsättningar att få flickor att spela fotboll både på och utanför planen. För att få tillgång till planen ställdes flickornas verksamhet i relation till pojkarnas både sett till antal utövare, men även på vilket sätt fotbollen förväntades utföras. Utanför planen påverkade föräldrarna genom att upprätthålla och reproducera bilden av flickan som en icke tävlingsinriktad individ. Analysen visade att tränarna upplevde sig som ensamma i rollen att få verksamheten att behålla men även att rekrytera nya medlemmar. Tränarnas upplevelser följde de mönster som tidigare forskning sett det vill säga att fotbollen domineras av manliga normer, värderingar och flickorna tilläts inte avvika alternativt få tillgång till samma arenor som pojkarna. Slutligen visade studien att genom bättre samarbete internt i föreningen men även externt med andra föreningar kunde förutsättningarna för tränarna förbättras och därigenom öka antalet fotbollsspelande flickor.

Nowadays, the desire of getting more female coaches involved in Swedish sports in general, and football in particular. The goal is clearly stated by various organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the career development of Swedish female elite football coaches. Thus, getting a better understanding of their experienced prosperity and adversity. This exploratory study scrutinizes the experiences of twelve female elite football coaches' career developments. By using in-depth interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, three overall chronological themes are generated: beginning - from player-to-coach transition, continuation - searching for sustainability, and today -making decisions for the future. Within these findings, there are, for example, reasons for starting to coach, the value of having a mentor, challenges in the profession in combination with having a lifestyle balance, personal insights to foster sustainability, and strategies to promote safety along the journey. Finally, additional studies regarding female coaches in different contexts are of interest to further understand and promote this field in progress.