Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. is a semi-deciduous species, heliophyle, characteristic of forest land and usually emerging, which collects on the fruits and seeds for use in feed. However, knowledge about the factors that influence the production of the trees is weak. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of rainfall, soil (texture, depth and hydromorphic) dendrometric variables (diameter at breast height and insertion of the crown, tapering, coefficient of taper artificially and taper artificially), qualitative variables (canopy shape and position), competition, sapwood area and size classes and grouping of vessels in the production of fruits and seeds of the species. It was observed that the same number of fruit generate seed yields in kg with significant differences. Rainfall for the month of September shows a positive correlation with the production. The deep soil and with texture sandy clay loam or sandy-clay have a higher yield potential than the shallow and clayey. Trees with less taper (more cylindrical) tended to produce more than trees with greater taper (more conical). Trees with full crowns (circular and irregular) have the same productive potential, and in turn greater potential than those who had half crown. The expected maximum sapwood area decreases exponentially with increasing competition. Trees with sapwood area less than 0.030 m² were not productive and less than 0,075 m² always produce less than 5 kg. Trees that have large solitary vessels are more abundant and have a tendency to produce less than those of other classes. The greatest production potential is expected to trees growing and deep soil, with texture sandy clay loam or clay-sandy, with complete canopies in areas subject to competition for Bertholletia index (IB) below 33, with sapwood area between 0.37450 and 0.29961 square meters and preferably not have large solitary vessels. The proposed model for prediction of seed fresh weight (kg) is Peso=-11.16+0.103636·PPSet +11.699216·galb in soils with texture clayey, in soils with texture sandy clay loam or sandy-clay are level difference with an increase of 7.40 kg of seeds per tree. / Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. é uma espécie semidecídua, heliófila, característica da mata de terra firme e, normalmente emergente, da qual se coleta os frutos e as sementes para utilização na alimentação. Todavia, o conhecimento sobre os fatores que influenciam a produção de frutos e sementes das árvores é incipiente. Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a influência da precipitação, do solo (textura, hidromorfia e profundidade), variáveis dendrométricas (diâmetro à altura do peito e na inserção da copa, afilamento, coeficiente de forma artificial e forma artificial), variáveis qualitativas (forma e posição de copa), competição, área de alburno e classes de tamanho e agrupamento dos vasos na produção de frutos e sementes da espécie. Observou-se que o número de frutos iguais gera produções de sementes em kg com diferenças significativas. A precipitação do mês de setembro demonstrou correlação positiva com a produção. Os solos profundos e de textura franco argilosa-arenosa ou argilo-arenosa evidenciaram maior potencial produtivo que os rasos e de textura argilosa. Árvores com menor afilamento (mais cilíndricas) revelaram uma tendência a produzirem mais que árvores com maior afilamento (mais cônicas). Árvores com copa completa (circular ou irregular) assinalam mesmo potencial produtivo e, por sua vez, maior potencial que as que apresentam metade da copa. A máxima área de alburno esperada decresce exponencialmente com o aumento da competição. Árvores com área de alburno inferior a 0,030 m² não foram produtivas e as inferiores a 0,075 m² produzem sempre menos de 5 kg. Árvores que possuem vasos largos solitários são mais abundantes e apresentam uma tendência a produzirem menos que as de outras classes. O maior potencial produtivo é esperado para árvores crescendo e solos profundos de texturas francoargilosa- arenosa ou argilo-arenosa, com copa completa, em áreas submetidas à competição pelo Índice de Bertholletia (IB) inferior a 33, com área de alburno entre 0,29961 e 0,37450 m² e preferencialmente não apresentem vasos largos solitários. O modelo proposto para predição do peso fresco de sementes (kg) é: Peso=- 11,16+0,103636·PPSet +11,699216·galb para solos de textura argilosa, em solos de textura franco argilosa-arenosa ou argilo-arenosa há diferença de nível com acréscimo de 7,40 kg de sementes por árvore.

Orientador: Vera Lex Engel / Banca: Edson José Vidal da Silva / Banca: Raquel Rejano Bonato Negrelle / Resumo: Muitos estudos têm estimado limites de colheita de produtos florestais não-madeireiros (PFNMs) baseados em dados demográficos das espécies fontes. Heliconia velloziana Emygdio (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) é utilizada como flor de corte e no paisagismo, e já foi alvo do extrativismo na comunidade rural na região do estudo (Distrito de Taiaçupeba, Mogi das Cruzes, SP). Nosso objetivo geral foi fornecer bases para a elaboração de planos de manejo sustentável para populações silvestres de Heliconia velloziana, através de: avaliação do conhecimento etnobotânico sobre H. velloziana; análise de sua fenologia reprodutiva em relação as variáveis climáticas; avaliação do rendimento e dos efeitos ecológicos do extrativismo sobre taxas vitais de populações silvestres da espécie alvo em diferentes micro-hábitats. Objetivou-se também verificar o potencial para manejo sustentável da espécie e sugerir um regime de rendimento sustentado específico. Para acessar o conhecimento local sobre H. velloziana, foram realizadas entrevistas informais e semiestruturadas, além de observação participante. Os efeitos ecológicos da colheita experimental sobre taxas vitais e a fenologia reprodutiva foram avaliados através de amostragem aleatória estratificada, em uma área total amostral de 0,12ha (12 parcelas de 10x10m) em seis sítios amostrais abrangendo dois estratos (planície e encosta). Em cada sítio, uma população foi submetida à colheita experimental e outra foi mantida como controle. Os aspectos melhor conhecidos pela comunidade local sobre a espécie alvo foram: nome popular, variação intraespecífica, reprodução clonal, visitantes florais, atrativos florais, floração seqüencial, distribuição e abundância local. A espécie foi considerada útil pelos entrevistados para complementação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Many studies have estimated harvesting limits for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) based on demographic data of the source species. Heliconia velloziana Emygdio (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) is used as a cut flower and gardening, and has already been targeted for extractivism by the rural community of the study region. Our general goal was to provide bases for the elaboration of Heliconia velloziana wild populations sustainable management plans, through: assessing ethnobotanical knowledge about H. velloziana; analyzing its reproductive phenology in relation to climatic variables; assessing the yield and ecological effects of harvesting on vital rates of wild populations of the target species in different micro-habitats. We also aimed to verify sustainable management potential of the species and suggest a specific sustained yield regime. To access local knowledge on H. velloziana, informal and semi-structured interviews were done, besides participant observation. The experimental harvesting ecological effects on vital rates and the reproductive phenology were assessed through stratified random sampling, in a total sampling area of 0,12ha (12 10x10m plots) in six sampling sites enclosing two strata (lowland and hillside). At each site, one population was submitted to experimental harvesting and the other was kept as control. The best known aspects by local community about the target species were: common name, intra-specific variation, clonal growth, flower visitors, floral attractants, sequential flowering, local distribution and abundance. The species was considered useful by the interviewed as familiar income complementation through extractivism, besides other secondary uses. It was identified a rich knowledge about the species' management system, once used, that was considered simple and consisted of two to three... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_sexf_me_botfca.pdf: 1158580 bytes, checksum: e01b29e6f87f5b46e937d7e437df136e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Muitos estudos têm estimado limites de colheita de produtos florestais não-madeireiros (PFNMs) baseados em dados demográficos das espécies fontes. Heliconia velloziana Emygdio (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) é utilizada como flor de corte e no paisagismo, e já foi alvo do extrativismo na comunidade rural na região do estudo (Distrito de Taiaçupeba, Mogi das Cruzes, SP). Nosso objetivo geral foi fornecer bases para a elaboração de planos de manejo sustentável para populações silvestres de Heliconia velloziana, através de: avaliação do conhecimento etnobotânico sobre H. velloziana; análise de sua fenologia reprodutiva em relação as variáveis climáticas; avaliação do rendimento e dos efeitos ecológicos do extrativismo sobre taxas vitais de populações silvestres da espécie alvo em diferentes micro-hábitats. Objetivou-se também verificar o potencial para manejo sustentável da espécie e sugerir um regime de rendimento sustentado específico. Para acessar o conhecimento local sobre H. velloziana, foram realizadas entrevistas informais e semiestruturadas, além de observação participante. Os efeitos ecológicos da colheita experimental sobre taxas vitais e a fenologia reprodutiva foram avaliados através de amostragem aleatória estratificada, em uma área total amostral de 0,12ha (12 parcelas de 10x10m) em seis sítios amostrais abrangendo dois estratos (planície e encosta). Em cada sítio, uma população foi submetida à colheita experimental e outra foi mantida como controle. Os aspectos melhor conhecidos pela comunidade local sobre a espécie alvo foram: nome popular, variação intraespecífica, reprodução clonal, visitantes florais, atrativos florais, floração seqüencial, distribuição e abundância local. A espécie foi considerada útil pelos entrevistados para complementação... / Many studies have estimated harvesting limits for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) based on demographic data of the source species. Heliconia velloziana Emygdio (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) is used as a cut flower and gardening, and has already been targeted for extractivism by the rural community of the study region. Our general goal was to provide bases for the elaboration of Heliconia velloziana wild populations sustainable management plans, through: assessing ethnobotanical knowledge about H. velloziana; analyzing its reproductive phenology in relation to climatic variables; assessing the yield and ecological effects of harvesting on vital rates of wild populations of the target species in different micro-habitats. We also aimed to verify sustainable management potential of the species and suggest a specific sustained yield regime. To access local knowledge on H. velloziana, informal and semi-structured interviews were done, besides participant observation. The experimental harvesting ecological effects on vital rates and the reproductive phenology were assessed through stratified random sampling, in a total sampling area of 0,12ha (12 10x10m plots) in six sampling sites enclosing two strata (lowland and hillside). At each site, one population was submitted to experimental harvesting and the other was kept as control. The best known aspects by local community about the target species were: common name, intra-specific variation, clonal growth, flower visitors, floral attractants, sequential flowering, local distribution and abundance. The species was considered useful by the interviewed as familiar income complementation through extractivism, besides other secondary uses. It was identified a rich knowledge about the species` management system, once used, that was considered simple and consisted of two to three... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A principal estratégia empregada com o intuito de assegurar a conservação da biodiversidade tem sido a implementação de áreas protegidas, especialmente aquelas de uso restrito, que muitas vezes deixa de considerar no seu estabelecimento a cultura, contexto socioeconômico e político ou o meio de vida das comunidades no entorno que antes interagiam com a área. Entretanto diversos trabalhos têm demonstrado o potencial de se promover esta conservação através de sistemas produtivos, harmonizando proteção dos recursos naturais ao desenvolvimento territorial. Neste contexto, o presente estudo aborta o potencial do manejo florestal comunitário, destinado à produção de frutos, em promover a conservação da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.), espécie drasticamente sobreexplorada pelo corte ilegal de palmito. Para isso foi realizado o levantamento da estrutura populacional e da produção de frutos em áreas de sistemas agroflorestais, florestas secundárias manejadas e áreas de proteção integral no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, na área de abrangência do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Foram também realizadas estimativas de retorno econômico para o manejo de frutos e de palmito. Constatou-se que o manejo florestal comunitário, especialmente em florestas secundárias, é mais efetivo em conservar a juçara que áreas sob uso restrito. Paralelamente, o manejo destinado à obtenção de frutos se mostrou mais rentável que o manejo de palmito, além de ser mais favorável à conservação da espécie e à disponibilidade de frutos para a fauna. / The establishment of protected areas has been considered the main strategy to ensure biodiversity conservation, especially those of restricted use, which often fails to address local issues such as culture, socioeconomic and political context or the livelihoods of communities the used to have straight interaction with the landscape. However, several studies have demonstrated the potential to promote conservation through productive systems, while harmonizing protection of natural resources to territorial development. In this context, the present study addresses the potential of community forestry in promoting the conservation of juçara palm, a species drastically overharvested by illegal cutting of palm hearts. Thus, the population structure and fruit production in agroforestry systems, managed secondary forests and strictly protected areas were surveyed. Estimates of economic return for fruit and palm heart management were also made. It was found that community forest management, especially in secondary forests is more effective for conserving juçara than areas under restricted use regime. In the meanwhile, the management to obtain fruits was more profitable than the management for palm heart, besides being more favorable for the species conservation and fruit availability for wildlife.

The prospect of reducing environmental impacts is a key driver for the research and development (R&D) of new forest products. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used for assessing the environmental impact of such products, e.g. for the purpose of guiding R&D. The aim of this thesis is to improve the methods and practices of LCA work carried out in the R&D of forest products. Six research questions were formulated from research needs identified in LCA work in five technical inter-organisational R&D projects. These projects also provided contexts for the case studies that were used to address the research questions. The main contributions of the research are as follows: Regarding the planning of LCA work in inter-organisational R&D projects, the research identified four characteristics that appear to be important to consider when selecting the roles of LCAs in such projects: (i) the project’s potential influence on environmental impacts, (ii) the degrees of freedom available for the technical direction of the project, (iii) the project’s potential to provide required input to the LCA, and (iv) access to relevant audiences for the LCA results. Regarding the modelling of future forest product systems, it was found that (i) it is important to capture uncertainties related to the technologies of end-of-life processes, the location of processes and the occurrence of land use change; and (ii) the choice of method for handling multi-functionality can strongly influence results in LCAs of forest products, particularly in consequential studies and in studies of relatively small co-product flows. Regarding the assessment of environmental impacts of particular relevance for forest products, it was found that using established climate impact assessment practices can cause LCA practitioners to miss environmental hot-spots and make erroneous conclusions about the performance of forest products vis-à-vis non-forest alternatives, particularly in studies aimed at short-term impact mitigation. Also, a new approach for inventorying water cycle alterations was developed, which made it possible to capture catchment-scale effects of forestry never captured before. To connect the LCA results to global challenges, a procedure was proposed for translating the planetary boundaries into absolute product-scale targets for impact reduction, e.g. to be used for evaluating interventions for product improvements or for managing trade-offs between impact categories.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-07-11T23:08:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jumara Marques Souza_tese.pdf: 2615056 bytes, checksum: b21b8de1cf3cd6d4e050ce8ae830c183 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T23:08:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jumara Marques Souza_tese.pdf: 2615056 bytes, checksum: b21b8de1cf3cd6d4e050ce8ae830c183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Disturbances affect plant populations in different ways, and their understanding is extremely important to define management strategies and biodiversity conservation. Such disturbances may be natural, as in the case of fire initiated by lightning, or can be anthropogenic, as the extraction of natural products. In both cases, populations of plants under interference from disturbances may increase or decrease, being necessary to understand its effects on populations in the long run. A key plant for conservation is Vellozia aff. sincorana L.B.Sm. & Ayensu (Velloziaceae), is an important species for the conservation of rupestrian fields of the western portion of the Serra do Sincor?, which is endemic. The largest area of distribution of this species, popularly know as candomba, is within the limits of the Chapada Diamantina National Park (CDNP), Bahia, Brazil, where it has a elevated cover. Candomb? branches are target of extraction in the region, which are destined to ignite wood stoves. In addition to this anthropic disturbance, V. aff. sincorana is also frequently affected by fires, which despite being a natural phenomenon are largely generated by human activity in CDNP. The fire has a marked effect on V. aff. sincorana, as it stimulates their mass flowering and synchronic, with no registration of flowering in this species in the absence of fire. This study evaluated the effects of fire in individuals of V. aff. sincorana in space and stages structure and the population dynamics of this species. In addition, simulations were performed with different frequencies fire, harvest intensities, and the association of fire and harvesting in order to assess the possibilities of using fire as management tool of harvest to this species. For analyzes involving harvest, the two techniques used by candomb? collectors in the region (removal of whole adult plants or branches) were simulated. For this study, individuals of V. aff. sincorana were marked, measured and monitored on 16m? plots over two censuses (2012 and 2013) in six populations, three unaffected by fire since 2008, and three affected by recent fires (2011 or 2012), approximately 40 days before the first census. In total, we monitored 1,617 individuals in 56 plots. The results showed that the recent fire affects individuals of V. aff. sincorana stimulating flowering and increases in canopy area, plant height and number of rosettes. Populations had lower rates of mortality and recruitment, however, in areas without recent fire, both the recruitment by seeds and mortality of juveniles were higher. The distribution of individuals was aggregate in all populations, averaging two individuals per m?. The recent fire caused changes in distribution of individuals in class of life stages. In general, populations tended to have higher concentration of adults. The reproduction stimulus by fire increases fertility and causes growth of recent fire populations, so the recent fire encourages population increase of V. aff. sincorana, while in absence of fire populations tended to decrease. The simulation results showed that populations of V. aff. sincorana tend to decrease with increasing the gap between the fire events. In harvest simulations, the growth of population was negatively affected by the decrease in harvest intervals and no fire. The results showed that the harvesting technique of whole adult is not sustainable and that the maintenance of the populations of V. aff. sincorana depends on the survival of individuals, mostly adults. In general, we find evidence that the conservation of V. aff. sincorana and its management for extractive purposes depend on periodic fire occurrence. / Os dist?rbios afetam as popula??es vegetais de diversos modos, sendo sua compreens?o de extrema import?ncia para defini??o de estrat?gias de manejo e conserva??o da biodiversidade. Tais dist?rbios podem ter origem antr?pica ou n?o, a exemplo do fogo iniciado por raio e da extra??o de produtos naturais. Em ambos os casos, as popula??es de plantas sob interfer?ncia podem crescer ou diminuir demasiadamente, sendo necess?ria a compreen??o dos efeitos em longo prazo dos dist?rbios nas popula??es. Vellozia aff. sincorana L.B.Sm. & Ayensu (Velloziaceae) ? uma esp?cie importante para a conserva??o dos campos rupestres da por??o ocidental da Serra do Sincor?, da qual ? end?mica. A maior ?rea de distribui??o dessa esp?cie, popularmente conhecida como candomb?, encontra-se dentro dos limites do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina (PNCD), Bahia, Brasil, onde apresenta uma elevada cobertura. Os ramos do candomb? s?o alvo de extrativismo na regi?o, os quais s?o destinados a acender fog?es a lenha. Al?m desse dist?rbio antr?pico, V. aff. sincorana tamb?m ? frequentemente afetada por inc?ndios, que apesar de serem um fen?meno natural, s?o majoritariamente originados pela a??o humana no PNCD. O fogo tem um efeito marcante sobre V. aff. sincorana, j? que estimula sua flora??o em massa e sincr?nica, n?o havendo registros de flora??o da esp?cie na aus?ncia de fogo. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos do fogo nos indiv?duos de V. aff. sincorana, na estrutura espacial e de est?dios, bem como na din?mica populacional dessa esp?cie. Al?m disso, foram realizadas simula??es com diferentes frequ?ncias de fogo, intensidades de colheita, e da associa??o entre fogo e colheita, a fim de avaliar as possibilidades do uso do fogo como ferramenta do manejo extrativista dessa esp?cie. Para as an?lises envolvendo colheita, foram simuladas as duas t?cnicas utilizadas pelos coletores de candomb? na regi?o (retirada de plantas adultas inteiras ou a de ramos). Para esse estudo, os indiv?duos de V. aff. sincorana foram marcados, medidos e acompanhados em parcelas de 16m? durante dois censos (2012 e 2013) em seis popula??es, tr?s n?o afetadas por fogo desde 2008, e tr?s afetadas por inc?ndios recentes (2011 ou 2012), aproximadamente 40 dias antes do primeiro censo. No total, foram acompanhados 1.617 indiv?duos distribu?dos em 56 parcelas. Os resultados evidenciaram que o fogo recente afeta os indiv?duos de V. aff. sincorana estimulando ? flora??o e aos incrementos em ?rea da copa, altura da planta e produ??o de rosetas. As popula??es apresentaram baixas taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento, por?m, nas ?reas sem fogo recente, tanto o recrutamento via sementes quanto a mortalidade de juvenis foram maiores. A distribui??o dos indiv?duos foi agregada em todas as popula??es, com m?dia de dois indiv?duos/m?. O fogo recente provocou mudan?as na distribui??o dos indiv?duos entre as classes de est?dios de vida. Em geral, as popula??es tenderam ? maior concentra??o de adultos. A reprodu??o estimulada por fogo aumenta a fertilidade e ocasiona crescimento das popula??es rec?m-incendiadas, de modo que o inc?ndio recente favoreceu o aumento populacional de V. aff. sincorana, enquanto na sua aus?ncia as popula??es tenderam ? diminui??o. Os resultados das simula??es evidenciaram que as popula??es de V. aff. sincorana tendem ? diminui??o com o aumento do intervalo entre os eventos de fogo. Nas simula??es de colheita, o crescimento das popula??es foi afetado negativamente pela diminui??o dos intervalos de colheita e aus?ncia de fogo. Os resultados evidenciaram que a t?cnica de colheita de adultos inteiros n?o ? sustent?vel e que a manuten??o das popula??es de V. aff. sincorana depende da sobreviv?ncia dos indiv?duos, principalmente os adultos. De modo geral, encontramos ind?cios de que a conserva??o de V. aff. sincorana e seu manejo para fins extrativistas dependem da ocorr?ncia peri?dica do fogo.

<p dir="ltr">In response to the growing significance of wood as a sustainable resource and the challenges within the wood products industry, there is a pressing need for innovation and collaboration across sectors. This study underscores the importance of mapping the wood products industry to gain a comprehensive understanding of material flows, which is essential for educational and research endeavors. The findings aim to uncover new economic opportunities and advocate for sustainable resource management. To address the complexities of the wood products industry, we developed a Generic Map, including a version tailored for the U.S. hardwood sector. Moreover, Dive-in Chain Maps were introduced to elaborate on the main production chains: Sawmill (I), Veneer Mill (II), Reconstituted Wood Manufacturing (III), and Pulp and Paper Mill (IV).</p><p dir="ltr">The study suggests four strategies to augment the value of hardwood through production, design, material modification, and by-products management. We showcased some strategies through two case studies.</p><p dir="ltr">The first focuses on Cross-laminated Timber (CLT), demonstrating value addition to hardwood. We conducted a literature review on the availability of raw materials in the US region and evaluated their performance across various stages of laboratory testing. This was followed by evaluating the feasibility and environmental effects of utilizing yellow poplar for CLT production. Additionally, we compared the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) outcomes of yellow poplar CLT with those of traditional softwood CLT. This comparison aims to provide further insights for developing future by-product management or end-of-life strategies.</p><p dir="ltr">The second case study examines thermal modification, proposing an innovative method for efficient thermal treatment and employing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to analyze the correlation between temperature, duration, and color change. We also compared the physical and mechanical properties of surface thermally treated samples to those of traditionally treated ones, discussing how different thermal treatments affect material properties.</p><p dir="ltr">Our findings illuminate the path for effective material flow and utilization, unveiling avenues for innovation and the creation of high-value products. Furthermore, the study provides strategies for waste minimization and informed end-of-life decision-making, thereby enhancing circularity and sustainability in the wood products industry.</p>

This working paper was developed with the intention to provide a guideline for participatory analysis and development of commercial forest product value chains, in the context of developing countries. Basically, it was designed for identification and implementation of interventions or upgrading measures for the improvement of commercial forest product (Bamboo, Natural gum and resin, and Gum Arabic) value chains in Ethiopia and Sudan within the framework of a collaborative research project - CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa (CHAINS). The PIP instrument could also be applied for other commercial non-timber forest products (NTFPs), by adjusting to the local contexts and environments. It can be an important guide for value chain analysts, especially in the process of designing and verifying upgrading actions through the application of tools like interviewing actors, group discussions, or facilitated workshops. This working paper particularly provides: - Background information on basic concepts of value chain analysis and development; - Review of methodological frameworks for participatory value chain analysis and development; - Practical details for participatory value chain analysis as implemented by the CHAINS project, including checklists, diagrams, and tools used in the participatory process; - Critical reflection on the practical application of the approach / Das als Leitfaden gestaltete Arbeitspapier beschreibt Schritt für Schritt das Vorgehen bei der Implementierung von ‚Participative Innovation Platforms‘ (PIP). Das PIP Methodenpaket zur partizipativen Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten in Entwicklungsländern wird an Beispielen von kommerziellen Nichtholz-Waldprodukten aus Trockenwäldern Ostafrikas erklärt und gibt praktische Unterstützung zur Durchführung der PIP Workshops mit dem Ziel, Aktivitäten und Interventionen für Innovationen mit Relevanz für die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette gemeinsam mit den beteiligten Akteuren zu vereinbaren. Das PIP Konzept wurde im Rahmen des entwicklungsorientierten Forschungsprojekts CHAINS (CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa) entwickelt, um Bambus -, Weihrauch- und Gummi arabicum Wertschöpfungsketten in Äthiopien und dem Sudan zu verbessern. Das PIP Instrument stellt die Akteure in den Mittelpunkt und kann deshalb sehr flexibel auch für andere Produkte angewendet werden. Der Leitfaden bietet: - Hintergrundinformationen zum Konzept von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Einführung in den methodischen Rahmen für partizipative Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Praktische Anleitung für die partizipative Analyse von Wertschöpfungsketten nach dem im CHAINS Projekt entwickelten Methodenpaket, einschließlich Checklisten, Diagrammen und Methoden; - Kritische Reflektion zu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des PIP Methodenpakets.

This working paper was developed with the intention to provide a guideline for participatory analysis and development of commercial forest product value chains, in the context of developing countries. Basically, it was designed for identification and implementation of interventions or upgrading measures for the improvement of commercial forest product (Bamboo, Natural gum and resin, and Gum Arabic) value chains in Ethiopia and Sudan within the framework of a collaborative research project - CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa (CHAINS). The PIP instrument could also be applied for other commercial non-timber forest products (NTFPs), by adjusting to the local contexts and environments. It can be an important guide for value chain analysts, especially in the process of designing and verifying upgrading actions through the application of tools like interviewing actors, group discussions, or facilitated workshops. This working paper particularly provides: - Background information on basic concepts of value chain analysis and development; - Review of methodological frameworks for participatory value chain analysis and development; - Practical details for participatory value chain analysis as implemented by the CHAINS project, including checklists, diagrams, and tools used in the participatory process; - Critical reflection on the practical application of the approach:1. About the working paper 7 1.1. Purpose 7 1.2. Structure of the working paper 8 2. Introduction 9 2.1. Background: value chains 9 2.2. Background: Participative Innovation Platforms 12 2.3. The context 13 2.4. Overview of the CHAINS project 14 3. Methodological approach of PIP 16 3.1. Ownership and effect 16 3.2. Stages and roles 18 3.3. Diagnostic survey 21 3.3.1. Planning the diagnostic surveys 22 3.3.2. Conducting the diagnostic surveys 24 4. PIP workshops 26 4.1.1. The workshop contents 27 4.1.2. Selection of participants 28 4.1.3. Identification of facilitators 30 4.2. The workshop sessions 32 4.2.1. Schedule of PIP workshop 32 4.2.2. Preparatory session 33 4.2.3. Session 1: Welcome and Introductory 34 4.2.4. Session 2: Vetting of the survey results and detailed VC analysis 35 4.2.5. Session 3: Identification and analysis of critical points 37 4.2.6. Session 4: Identification and analysis of possible solutions 45 4.2.7. Session 5: Development and selection of upgrading strategies 46 4.2.8. Workshop evaluation and documentation 50 5. Limits of the PIP – a critical reflection 50 6. References 52 / Das als Leitfaden gestaltete Arbeitspapier beschreibt Schritt für Schritt das Vorgehen bei der Implementierung von ‚Participative Innovation Platforms‘ (PIP). Das PIP Methodenpaket zur partizipativen Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten in Entwicklungsländern wird an Beispielen von kommerziellen Nichtholz-Waldprodukten aus Trockenwäldern Ostafrikas erklärt und gibt praktische Unterstützung zur Durchführung der PIP Workshops mit dem Ziel, Aktivitäten und Interventionen für Innovationen mit Relevanz für die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette gemeinsam mit den beteiligten Akteuren zu vereinbaren. Das PIP Konzept wurde im Rahmen des entwicklungsorientierten Forschungsprojekts CHAINS (CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa) entwickelt, um Bambus -, Weihrauch- und Gummi arabicum Wertschöpfungsketten in Äthiopien und dem Sudan zu verbessern. Das PIP Instrument stellt die Akteure in den Mittelpunkt und kann deshalb sehr flexibel auch für andere Produkte angewendet werden. Der Leitfaden bietet: - Hintergrundinformationen zum Konzept von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Einführung in den methodischen Rahmen für partizipative Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Praktische Anleitung für die partizipative Analyse von Wertschöpfungsketten nach dem im CHAINS Projekt entwickelten Methodenpaket, einschließlich Checklisten, Diagrammen und Methoden; - Kritische Reflektion zu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des PIP Methodenpakets.:1. About the working paper 7 1.1. Purpose 7 1.2. Structure of the working paper 8 2. Introduction 9 2.1. Background: value chains 9 2.2. Background: Participative Innovation Platforms 12 2.3. The context 13 2.4. Overview of the CHAINS project 14 3. Methodological approach of PIP 16 3.1. Ownership and effect 16 3.2. Stages and roles 18 3.3. Diagnostic survey 21 3.3.1. Planning the diagnostic surveys 22 3.3.2. Conducting the diagnostic surveys 24 4. PIP workshops 26 4.1.1. The workshop contents 27 4.1.2. Selection of participants 28 4.1.3. Identification of facilitators 30 4.2. The workshop sessions 32 4.2.1. Schedule of PIP workshop 32 4.2.2. Preparatory session 33 4.2.3. Session 1: Welcome and Introductory 34 4.2.4. Session 2: Vetting of the survey results and detailed VC analysis 35 4.2.5. Session 3: Identification and analysis of critical points 37 4.2.6. Session 4: Identification and analysis of possible solutions 45 4.2.7. Session 5: Development and selection of upgrading strategies 46 4.2.8. Workshop evaluation and documentation 50 5. Limits of the PIP – a critical reflection 50 6. References 52