Title: What is hiding behind the covers - A qualitative picture and textual analysis of the newspaper Hänt Bild The news found on a magazine cover is for the audience to become interested to buy the magazine. When it was discovered that there is news that gives a misleading message to sell more, there is a research problem. The purpose of the essay is to study the message of the news on Hänt Bild’s covers and then be compared to the messages that the related articles provides. Total of 28 news where analyzed in four issues of the magazine published the year 2013. The essay was based on a qualitative visual and textual analysis with the theoretical frameworks sensational journalism, framing, image context and semiotics. The analysis was divided into three different themes to distinguish the news which gave misleading, genuine or double messages. The results of this study indicate that there are news with a misleading message in each issue of the magazine. This news was mostly about divorces, pregnancies and infidelity. The analysis also indicated that images played a major role in what messages the news gave. It was also discovered that the news on the covers which contained only text and no images angled the message so that readers would believe the article was about something else, even though the text on the cover gave a genuine message to the related article. Although it was discovered to be misleading news on the covers, there was also genuine news to the related articles. To summarize there where 14 news that gave a misleading message, 8 news gave a genuine message and 6 news gave a double message to the related articles. The result shows that the audience is misled by some news on the cover of a magazine with the aim of the editors to sell more. Keywords: tabloids, frontpage, sensational journalism, framing, semiotics, Hänt Bild

The purpose of this paper is to make a qualitative content analysis. The used articles are taken from the time period 2012-11-13 until 2012-11-30 and the questions that this paper is based upon are: How do the tabloid Expressen and the morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter define and diagnose the causes and problems of the iron pipe scandal during the period 2012-11-13 until 2012-11-20? What kind of valuations and solutions does the tabloid Expressen and the morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter provide of the iron pipe scandal during the period 2012-11-13 until 2012-11-30? Does the framing of the iron pipe scandal during the period 2012-11-13 until 2012-11-30 differ between the tabloid Expressen and the morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter? The result of this paper shows that through the tabloid Expressen and the morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter way of framing the Swedish democrats during the period 2012-11-13 until 2012-11-30, the society cannot get another picture of the Swedish Democrats than that they are a right wing populist party.

My thesis examines how the contemporary restorative justice movement frames itself in educational, informational and training films, in an attempt to broaden its appeal and advance its acceptance and implementation, particularly within a culture of crime control where retribution and punishment are hegemonic. I examine contemporary restorative justice, first through an acknowledgement of its varied and diverse roots as well as through its entrenchment within the dominantly punitive criminal justice system. Contemporary restorative justice is often referred to as a social movement, and as such it maintains a capacity to reshape the current discursive terrain and transform criminal justice culture. Snow and Benford (1986, 1988) assert that social movements disrupt hegemonic discourses and practices through frame alignment tasks (diagnostic, prognostic and motivational framing) and frame alignment processes (bridging, amplification, extension and transformation). I examine how the contemporary restorative justice movement utilizes these tasks and processes in information, educational and training films, in its effort to advance an alternative perspective of criminal justice.

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Contributing to the broader debate on the nature and identity of the European Union (EU), this thesis is a study of the EU from the outside looking in: an examination of how this novel process of integration among the nations of Europe is viewed by its partners around the world, in particular in New Zealand through its television news media. While there are many studies which examine how the EU is understood and represented within its borders, there is an absence of parallel studies which consider the image of the EU from an external perspective. Recognising that the television news media plays a particularly important role in influencing the knowledge and perceptions of people on foreign matters, the thesis presents an analysis of the entire EU television news coverage in New Zealand's two prime-time television news bulletins throughout 2004. The primary research question that the thesis investigates is, how is the EU framed in the television news media of New Zealand, an external 'Other' of the EU? The study was multi-methodological in nature and analysed each of the relevant news items using content analysis, as well as undertaking deeper analysis of the metaphorical categorisations and the visual images of the EU, to detect the entire range of EU representations and the overall image of the EU these created for New Zealand television news audiences. These findings were then compared against corresponding research from Australia, South Korea and Thailand, as well as to the perceptions of New Zealand's leading newsmakers, in order to account for the most important trends in EU image formation in New Zealand. In particular it was found that the EU was often entirely absent from the New Zealand television news space, and when it was visible, was often presented in a way which ignored the extensive domestic relevance of the Union for New Zealand and its immediate region.

This study analyzes the bicycling community of Lexington, Kentucky. Interviews and participant observation were conducted in order to better understand the structure of Lexington’s cycling community, revealing three prominent groups/types of cyclists: (1) road cyclists, (2) underground/urban cyclists, and (3) commuters. The characteristics of each group are discussed, with particular attention devoted to the underground/urban cyclists, due to their politically-minded culture. Building from prior social movement literature, the unique framing processes of the underground/urban cycling group are analyzed in order to explore the group as a new social movement. Finally, the potential for a broader cycling movement based upon interests common to all cyclists is discussed.

Women from across the globe purchase and consume cosmetics in order to achieve their appearance goals and it is generally agreed that a consumers’ goal orientation may influence their interpretation of advertising materials and thus the purchase decision-making process. The cosmetics industry promotes their products using almost exclusively images of attractive, young, highly idealised women, and thus has a significant influence on female appearance ideals worldwide. Extensive research connects viewing idealised images to negative outcomes for consumers’ self-concept, however there are mixed results regarding the effectiveness of idealised models in advertising. Moreover, there are mixed results regarding the effectiveness of different message frames. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of possible selves and cosmetic advertising on the consumption of cosmetic products. This research draws together areas of literature which have been studied in varying settings in order to determine the individual and collective effects of these independent variables; possible selves, model idealisation and message framing, on women’s attitude toward cosmetic advertisements and purchase intentions in the cosmetic product context. To understand the effects that goal orientation, as well as the images and text of cosmetic advertisements have on cosmetics consumption, an online experiment was conducted using a 2x3x2 between-subjects factorial design. The study manipulated three independent variables, namely, salient possible self (hoped-for and feared), model idealisation (more idealised model, less idealised model and no model) and regulatory message framing (desired reference and undesired reference) and measured the impact of these variables on attitude toward the ad and resulting purchase intention. The final data set was comprised of 420 responses from 18-35 year old females. A series of ANCOVA analyses were used to determine the effects of possible selves, model idealisation and message frames on consumers’ attitude toward the ad and their purchase intention. The results indicate hoped-for selves, no model advertisements and desired message frames are independently the most effective in the cosmetics context. However, the goal-compatibility hypothesis was not supported. Furthermore, findings indicate an interaction between the image and the message of cosmetics advertising, which suggests cosmetic advertisers must carefully consider the combination of the images and messages they use to promote their brand and products. The theoretical and managerial implications, as well as direction for future research are discussed.

Den tredje december 2013 gick Skolverket ut med ett pressmeddelande ”Kraftig försämring i Pisa”, med anledning av att svenska 15-åringar presterade dåligt i det internationella kunskapstestet Pisa 2012. I samma veva började medierna rapportera om att det var fråga om en ”skolkris”, och många samhällsaktörer började diskutera problemet, dess orsaker, konsekvenser och lösningar. Mot denna bakgrund så tar denna undersökning sin utgångspunkt. Den handlar om hur ”skolkrisen” artikuleras som ett socialt problem i den svenska dagspressen och den handlar om hur samhällsaktörerna i den politiska offentligheten uppfattar detta som ett socialt problem genom den betydelseförhandling som de för. Ovanstående bakgrundsbeskrivning leder fram till följande problemformulering: hur skapas, ut-vecklas och upprätthålls skolkrisen som ett socialt problem i den svenska dagspressen? Syftet med undersökningen är att lämna ett bidrag till forskningen om hur sociala problem konstrueras, samt att lämna ett bidrag till fältet för politisk kommunikation. Undersökningen bygger på en kvalitativ textanalys med narratologiska inslag som fokuserar på skolkrisen som berättelse, vad den handlar om och hur den berättas. Empirin utgörs av 46 nyhetsar-tiklar som hämtats i från tidningarna DN och SvD under tidsperioden 3 december 2013 till 31 mars 2014. Skolkrisen skapades i och med att Skolverket publicerade pressmeddelandet ”Kraftig försämring i Pisa” och genom att medierna legitimerade krisen då de började rapportera om det som Skolverket lyft i pressmeddelandet. Att det problematiska förhållandet benämndes just som en kris och att me-dierna skapade nyhetsteman bidrog också till etablerandet det sociala problemet. Skolkrisen utveck-lades genom att olika samhällsaktörer började debattera om orsaker till förhållandet, om vem som ansågs vara ansvarig och offer respektive vinnare och förlorare, och de började dessutom diskutera lösningar. Skolkrisen upprätthölls dels genom mediernas skapande av nyhetsteman, men också ge-nom åtgärdsdebattens hjälpare och motståndare. Genom att det fanns många lösningsförslag till krisen och på grund av att det fanns många röster för och emot dessa förslag, och mediernas uppgift är att höra båda sidor, resulterade det i att rapporteringen blev omfattande och att den därmed upp-rätthölls. Ytterligare några slutsatser som är särskilt viktiga är att allmänheten har svårt att förstå vad som försiggår ifråga om Pisa-debatten, då medierna rapporterar ensidigt och partiskt till förmån för medielogiken. Dessutom styr den politiska logiken över medielogiken vilket gjort att det är ett pågående maktspel mellan medierna och politiken, där politiken styr över medierna, snarare än en offentlighet som allmänheten har möjlighet att ta ställning till.

In 2006, the NBA introduced the "one-and-done" rule that restricted high school graduates to enter directly into the NBA draft following high school. In turn, a high school prospect would essentially now have the option of playing professionally elsewhere (most likely overseas), enter the NBA's Developmental League, or play NCAA basketball. The rule has proved to be quite controversial, as it has had a great effect on both NBA and NCAA basketball, as well as the players. Various media outlets have been quite vocal not only about the rule itself, but the perceived effects it has had on both collegiate and professional basketball. This study will utilize framing theory to explore the way the media has presented the issue to the public, its causal interpretation, any moral evaluations necessary, and any solutions to the problem. This study will utilize a content analysis to analyze not only the media's presentation of the rule, but also what frames have been formed pertaining to the rule's successes and failures. The study will also aim to give a greater understanding of how the basketball media form frames.

My thesis examines how the contemporary restorative justice movement frames itself in educational, informational and training films, in an attempt to broaden its appeal and advance its acceptance and implementation, particularly within a culture of crime control where retribution and punishment are hegemonic. I examine contemporary restorative justice, first through an acknowledgement of its varied and diverse roots as well as through its entrenchment within the dominantly punitive criminal justice system. Contemporary restorative justice is often referred to as a social movement, and as such it maintains a capacity to reshape the current discursive terrain and transform criminal justice culture. Snow and Benford (1986, 1988) assert that social movements disrupt hegemonic discourses and practices through frame alignment tasks (diagnostic, prognostic and motivational framing) and frame alignment processes (bridging, amplification, extension and transformation). I examine how the contemporary restorative justice movement utilizes these tasks and processes in information, educational and training films, in its effort to advance an alternative perspective of criminal justice.