The aim of this comparative study has been to identify similarities and differences in Swedish and British media’s framing and empowerment of actors in relation to the 2017 Stockholm terror attack. Theories on the risk society, framing, power and CDA have been used to create a framework that gives a deeper understanding of media’s role in framing actors and events, and how this can potentially affect the public. Moreover, to determine how media use their power to dis- tribute power among the actors and objects that are part of such an attack. A critical discourse analysis has been carried out on excerpts from a total of 15 articles, seven and six from Sweden and Britain respectively. In this analysis, both framing and power issues were identified, which was used to conduct a discussion on the findings in relation to the the- oretical framework used. It was found that while Sweden and Britain are part of the same culture and therefore largely covered the terror attack the same way, there was a significant difference in the portrayal of the perpetrator. Swedish media had a tendency to use othering and describe the perpetrator as one of “them” as opposed to the “we”. British media, on the other hand, made use of other- ing as well, but would also offer descriptions that could make the “we” relate to him. This difference can potentially be due to the fact that Swedes have been more emotional about the attack, as it happened in their own country. The distribution of power between actors were done similarly in both countries. Two power- plays were identified: the police vs. the perpetrator, and the act (the truck) vs. the public. In order to avoid giving the perpetrator credit for the act, when the act was portrayed, the truck would be described as the powerful actor. Thus, even though it is common sense that the truck did not drive into people on itself, the perpetrator’s actions has not been acknowledged in the media. Instead, when describing the perpetrator, it has been done in relation to the police, who were described as the powerful actors – they caught the perpetrator, i.e. he did not have the power to avoid them or escape. Thus, while Swedish and British media largely have covered the act the same way and with the same means, the Swedish media have used emotional means to further othering.

When the elections are getting closer, media starts to reports more frequently aboutpolitical parties, leaders and issues to enlighten the public. But the media changes just as time changes as well. Framing and entertainment/ advertising tends to be more common in political media in our time. Studies in media globalization and researches from the newest election in USA shows that the political media has become more personalized, which, according to some hasan effect on the public’s attitude or belief towards politics and leaders. In that very situation, I got interested in finding out if and how the political communication with personalization vs. party-orientated as leading question, has changed in Sweden and USA from the beginning of the millennium to 2016. As help, framing has been used to find entertainment, personalization and party-oriented terms in 200 news articles. The findings and conclusions are as following; the political medias have changed to a new agenda, with framing and entertainment setting political news in a new light and perspective.

Orientador: Murilo César Soares / Banca: Alexandra Bujokas de Siqueira / Banca: Rosangela Marçolla / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo: 1) investigar como são construídos os enquadramentos noticiosos televisivos no telejornalismo, por meio da análise comparativa de dois importantes telejornais brasileiros, sendo um de uma emissora comercial e o outro de uma público-educativa; 2) estudar o papel dos enquadres dos telejornais em um caso de violação dos direitos civis da cidadania. Para atingir tais objetivos, optamos por analisar o Jornal Nacional, a Rede Globo de Televisão, e o Jornal da Cultura de São Paulo, ambos veiculados no "horário nobre da televisão brasileira". Definidos por Gitlin (1980, p. 6-7), os enquadramentos da mídia são "padrões persistentes de cognição, interpretação e apresentação, de seleção, ênfase e exclusão, através dos quais os detentores de símbolos organizam de forma rotineira o discurso". Desta forma, enquadrar significa selecionar um aspecto de fato e satisfaze-lo, ao passo que as omissões podem ser igualmente fundamentais para conduzir a audiência. Para salientar os enquadramentos dessas emissoras televisivas distintas, escolhemos o caso do Morro da Providência, Rio de Janeiro, ocorrido em junho de 2008, que mostrou a participação do Exército na morte de três jornais e denúncia de propaganda política eleitoral feita por Marcelo Crivella. A análise mostra que os telejornais foram muito semelhantes e focalizam o aspecto informativo, não aproveitando este episódio para a educação cidadã dos brasileiros ou para reforçar os direitos humanos que foram violentamente violados / Abstract: This researh aims: to investigate how the television news framing are built in broadcast news, through comparative analysis of two major Brazilian news programs, one from a commercial TV station and the other from a public TV station; 2) to study the role of the frames of the news programs during the coverage of a civil rights of citizenship violatin event. To achieve the goals, we chose to analyze the Journal Nacional, from Rede Globo TV, and the Jornal da Cultura, from TV Cultura de São Paulo, both running in the "prime-time" of Brazilian television. "Set by Gitlin (1980, p. 6-7), media frames are "persistent patterns of cognition, interpretation, and presentation, of selection, emphasis, and exclusion, by which symbol-handlers routinely organize discourse, whether verbal or visual". Thus, to frame means slecting a point of fact and highlight it, while the omissions may also be critical to conduct the audience. To highlight the frameworks of those different television stations, we chose the case of Morro da Providencia, Rio de Janeiro, in June 2008, which showed the involvement of the army in the deaths of three young men, and the reporting of political election propaganda made by Marcelo Crivella. The analysis shows that television news programs were very similar and focused on the informational aspect, not using this episode for the Brazilian citizenship education or to enforce human rights that have been violently violated / Mestre

This study examined how the conflict in Yemen is framed by Althawarah and SabaNews newspapers concerning the Saudi-led coalition airstrikes in the recent war. Using the critical discourse analysis, this thesis analyzed how each newspaper identifies and labels the different warring sides and the action at large based on the classification of "us" and "them," and "blame game." The study also examined and analyzed the texts in order to see if there is an approach towards peaceful resolution or motive of war. The findings, mainly based on CDA of 10 articles from each newspaper, indicate that each newspaper news framing strategies communicate different ideologies and social practices that explicitly reveal each newspaper’s attitude towards the conflict and their individual affiliation with the different warring sides. Both newspapers have a strong war journalism framing, and the contradiction in the narratives, furthermore, represents a subconscious conflict in the national media of Yemen.

Media is a powerful agent within society, that works as a gatekeeper for the media arena and therefore decides what topics are discussed and which are not (Pinto et al., 2016; Anderson, 2009) By setting the agenda and by framing messages, media can influence the public perception and therefor also the culture within society. However, it is said that media will reflect the most dominant culture within society, it is therefore of interest to see how the Swedish media portray and frame Swedish milk and the milk industry, that on hand is argued to be a threat towards the climate but on the other hand has a long history of being connected to the Swedish culture. When studying the four most read newspapers in Sweden published between 2012 and 2017 we found that even if the Swedish milk and the milk industry was questioned for being unhealthy or argued for being an environmental threat, the positive framing of milk was always more visible. Environmental impacts of milk and the milk industry was repeatedly downsized and even spoken for in opposite direction, that the Swedish milk and the Swedish milk industry is good for the environment. This would suggest that the strong position of milk within the Swedish society have the ability to undermine any threat, it is therefor of interest to further study the culture aspects of media framing not at least connected to products that is in many studies argued for being an environmental threat. Due to impact media may have on the society, how media frame and portray sustainability and sustainable products is of high interest for further research. More research is also needed to understand who gets to use the media arena to convey their messages, not at least within the topic of sustainability.

This essay aims at studying the use of social media by states and state actors. More specifically, the study is exploring how the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) are using their official Twitter account @IDFSpokesperson in relation to the 2018 Gaza protests. The study is utilizing a quantitative content analysis as well as a framing analysis for the analysis of the Twitter account and is having a theoretical base in framing theory. The findings suggest that there is a problem when democratic states use social media – there is a fine line between being transparent and disseminating propaganda.

The aim of the study was to investigate the representation of women’s sports and men’s sports, in the local newspaper Smålänningen. A study I conducted through examining how many articles on men’s sports and how many articles on women’s sports have been published over the last four years. I chose to investigate two months of every year; January and March. I also examined which sports were the most occurring ones. I used the method of quantitative content analysis to investigate the questions. Through the method I performed an overall analysis of how many articles were written about men’s sports, and how many articles were written about women’s sports in Smålänningen. The result of the quantitative content analysis showed that female athletes are misrepresented and that men’s sports dominates Smålänningens reporting. It also showed that there were more articles written by female journalists than articles based on performances achieved by female athletes. Further, my study showed that the reporting on women’s sports have become more regular in Smålänningen.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vj_me_bauru.pdf: 465423 bytes, checksum: 78eed996ba3cf40a9d2e74da2935428c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Esta dissertação analisa como se comportaram as principais revistas semanais brasileiras - CartaCapital, Época, Istoé e Veja - a respeito da crise política do primeiro mandato do governo Lula que ficou reconhecida como Escândalo do Mensalão. Trata-se de uma crise paradoxal e rica, do ponto de vista analítico, porque envolveu com denúncias de corrupção um partido cuja trajetória foi permeada pela defesa da ética e por se tratar de uma crise revestida de características de escândalos políticos midiáticos. Buscando evidenciar os tipos de contrastes apresentados, tratamentos e enquadramentos nas abordagens do tema, a pesquisa analisa as narrativas jornalísticas de 51 matérias das quatro revistas no período 13/06/2005 a 21/09/2005, considerando o pico de interesse público no tema e atenção da mídia. A análise indicou o nível de responsabilidade imputado pelas revistas ao Partido dos Trabalhadores, ao governo e ao presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, bem como o volume de críticas direcionadas a cada um deles, revelando diferenças significativas de tratamento e indicando nuances de enquadramentos relativos ao assunto. Existiu consenso, isolamento e conflitos de extremos, observados entre as revistas, caracterizando uma diversidade de pensamento livremente expressados pelos veículos de comunicação. Lula foi um dos agentes mais referidos a respeito do escândalo, mas o percentual de críticas e enquadramentos negativos a respeito dele foi diferente entre as revistas. Existiu, no entanto, único consenso: a responsabilidade do PT no episódio / This paper analyses how the main Brazilian weekly magazines - CartaCapital, Época, Istoé, and Veja - approached the political crisis of president Lula first mandate, which became known as the mensalão. It was a paradoxical and complex crisis, from a more analytical point of view, because a political party with a history of ethical principles defence was accused of corruption and because it was a crisis that presented media scandal characteristics. In search of bringing evidences about the kind of contrast that were presented, treatment and framings when tackling the subject, this paper analyzes the journalist narratives of 51 stories of the four magazines from the period of 06/16/2005 to 09/21/2005, taking into consideration the public interest and the media attention about the matter. The analysis indicated the level of responsibility that was attributed by the magazines to the Workers' Party, to the government, and to president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, as well as the amount of critics directed to each one, revealing significant differences in the treatment of the subject and indicating nuances regarding the matter. There were consensus, isolation and conflicts between opposite sides, which could be observed among the magazines, which can show a diversity of thougts that were freely expressed by the media. Lula was one of the most cited elements regarding the scandal, but the level of negative critic and framings about him was different in each magazine. There was, however, a sole consensus: the Workers' Party (PT) responsibility in the event

Orientador: Gladis Massini-Cagliari / Banca: Luciani Ester Tenani / Banca: Flaviani Romani Fernandes Svartman / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Renata Maria Facuri Coelho Marchezan / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese consiste em estudar a maneira como regueiros maranhenses da zona rural da cidade de São Luís, falantes monolíngües de português brasileiro, variedade rural ludovicense, adaptam fonética e fonologicamente o inglês dos reggaes que cantam nessa língua, com vistas a obter seqüências que façam sentido na sua língua materna. Analisando os padrões fonológicos do Português Brasileiro Rural Ludovicense (PBRL), variedade linguística nativa dos sujeitos da pesquisa, e a interferência de uma língua "estrangeira" que é nativizada no som, com finalidades de obtenção de um sentido também "nativo", buscou-se também discutir a identidade fonológica do Português. A hipótese inicial consiste em verificar a tendência para a manutenção de vogais tônicas e de traços de consoantes em posições tônicas, substituição / adaptação / supressão / reinterpretação de vogais e consoantes em posições átonas, prevalecendo a percepção de falantes de português, não fluentes em inglês, daquilo que ouvem nas músicas, e a busca de sentido em uma seqüência sonora aparentemente sem sentido. No entanto, no decorrer da pesquisa, são identificados processos utilizados pelos falantes do PBRL para a adaptação fonológica da língua original (Inglês) em direção à língua alvo, sendo tais processos a manutenção da qualidade da vogal tônica, a monotongação, a ditongação, a semelhança entre consoantes, a simplificação e a complexificação do padrão silábico e a manutenção da posição do acento. Dentre estes processos, há uma incidência maior na semelhança entre consoantes, da manutenção da posição do acento e da manutenção da qualidade da vogal tônica / Abstract: The purpose of this work consists in studying how the reggae musicians from Maranhão state, living in the rural area of Sao Luis, as monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, rural variety from São Luis, adapt phonetically and phonologically the English language of the reggae music that they sing, in order to achieve sequences that can actually make sense in their mother language. Analyzing the phonological patterns of Brazilian Rural Portuguese from São Luis do Maranhão (Português Brasileiro Rural Ludovicense - PBRL), the native linguistic variety of the research subjects, and the interference of a "foreign" language that is turned into native language in speech in order to reach some native meaning, we also sought to discuss the Portuguese phonological identity. The initial assumption consists in verifying the trend to maintain stressed vowels and consonant traces in stressed positions, replacement / adaptation / suppression / reinterpretation of vowels and consonants in non-stressed positions, in which prevail the Portuguese speakers‟ perception, non-fluent in English, of what they hear in the songs and the search for some meaning in a sound sequence that is apparently meaningless. However, throughout this work, we identified some processes taken by these PBRL speakers for the phonological adaptation of the original language (English) towards the target language, such as the maintenance of the stressed vowel quality, the monophthongization, the diphthongization, consonant similarity, simplification and complexification of the syllabical pattern and the maintenance of the stress position. Among these processes, there is a greater incidence of the consonant similarity, the maintenance of stress position and the maintenance of the stressed vowel quality / Doutor

abstract: This study explores the influence of framing and activity type on expectations of learning and enjoyment as well as performance in a paraphrase identification task. In the first experiment, 80 students played one of three activities framed as either a "play" or "learning" task. Students then completed one of three activities; learning only, an educational game, or a play only activity. Results showed that the play frame had an effect on learning expectations prior to completing the activity, but had no effect after completing the activity. Students who completed the educational game scored significantly higher on the posttest learning assessment than those in the play only activity. Pairwise comparisons also indicated that students who completed the educational game performed just as well as the learning only activity when given the posttest learning assessment. Performance in the paraphrase identification task was collected using data logged from student interactions, and it was established that although there was an interaction between performance and activity type, this interaction was due to a significant difference during the second round. These results suggest that framing can influence initial expectations, and educational games can teach a simple writing strategy without distracting from the educational task. A second experiment using 80 students was conducted to determine if a stronger frame would influence expectations and to replicate the effect of activity type on learning and enjoyment. The second study showed no effect of framing on expected or reported enjoyment and learning. The performance results showed a significant interaction between performance and activity type, with the interaction being driven by the first round that students completed. However, the effect of activity type was replicated, suggesting that game features can enhance student enjoyment and are not a detriment to learning simple strategy-based tasks. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Psychology 2013