Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T23:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianaOnofreGama_TESE.pdf: 3437421 bytes, checksum: bf6e324c913988c9f669375afd319f43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-20T23:45:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianaOnofreGama_TESE.pdf: 3437421 bytes, checksum: bf6e324c913988c9f669375afd319f43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T23:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianaOnofreGama_TESE.pdf: 3437421 bytes, checksum: bf6e324c913988c9f669375afd319f43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Introdu??o: O n?mero de indica??es para cirurgia bari?trica (CB) tem crescido mundialmente, demonstrando ser uma medida ?til no tratamento da obesidade severa, promovendo redu??o da morbimortalidade, melhora das altera??es cardiorrespirat?rias/metab?licas e maior qualidade de vida. Programas de reabilita??o ap?s a CB t?m sido estimulados, sendo importante especialmente no controle das comorbidades e do reganho de peso corporal a longo prazo. Apesar disto, existem poucas evid?ncias relacionadas aos efeitos da CB, com ou sem reabilita??o, na aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria (ACR), medida esta que impacta fortemente na mortalidade e no controle do peso. Nesse contexto, se faz necess?rio o acompanhamento da capacidade funcional e a implementa??o de programas de reabilita??o no p?s-operat?rio (PO) de CB, visto que a perda de peso isolada parece n?o aumentar a ACR em indiv?duos que permanecem sedent?rios ap?s a cirurgia. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da CB e de um programa estruturado de reabilita??o cardiopulmonar e metab?lica (aplicado no PO) na ACR e fun??o pulmonar em mulheres obesas, e compar?-las a um grupo controle. M?todos: A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas. Inicialmente, foi realizado um estudo de follow-up constando de avalia??o antropom?trica, espirom?trica e cardiorrespirat?ria/funcional (Teste de Esfor?o Cardiopulmonar-TECP) em 34 obesas antes e ap?s a CB, dos quais resultaram dois artigos. Na segunda etapa, realizamos um ensaio cl?nico n?o randomizado e simples cego, envolvendo 12 mulheres adultas obesas (grau II e III) candidatas ? CB, que foram divididas em grupo controle-GC (n=6) e grupo interven??o-GI (n=6). Todas as pacientes foram avaliadas no pr?-operat?rio, terceiro (3MPO) e sexto m?s de PO (6MPO), quanto aos mesmos par?metros da primeira etapa. O GI participou de um programa espec?fico de reabilita??o supervisionada, que constou de exerc?cios aer?bios e resistidos durante 12 semanas e com in?cio no 3MPO. J? o GC recebeu apenas orienta??es gerais. Assim, foram produzidos no total tr?s artigos cient?ficos, onde a estrat?gia estat?stica variou conforme a metodologia de cada estudo. Foi considerado um n?vel de signific?ncia estabelecido em p<0,05. Resultados: Ap?s a CB, todas as pacientes avaliadas apresentaram redu??o significativa (p<0,001) nas comorbidades (hipertens?o e diabetes) e medidas antropom?tricas, al?m de melhora na fun??o pulmonar (p<0,05). Por?m, apenas as obesas que participaram do protocolo de treinamento f?sico evolu?ram com aumento significativo (p<0,05) no VO2pico e na dura??o total do TECP, de 5,9 ml/kg/min (23,8%) e 4,9 minutos (42,9%), respectivamente. Ap?s um per?odo de 9,4?2,7 meses de PO, houve uma redu??o de 0,398 L/min do VO2pico absoluto (p<0,001) nas pacientes que permaneceram sedent?rias ap?s a CB (n=34), sem diferen?as no VO2pico relativo ao peso corporal (p=0,06). Observamos ainda moderada correla??o (r= -0,52, p<0,05) entre ?VO2pico e ?CP-circunfer?ncia do pesco?o. Conclus?es: A ACR aumentou significativamente apenas no grupo de mulheres obesas que participaram de um programa estruturado de reabilita??o ap?s tr?s meses de CB, apontando que a toler?ncia ao exerc?cio e a capacidade aer?bia podem n?o aumentar nas mulheres que permanecem inativas ap?s a cirurgia. No entanto, independente da pr?tica de exerc?cios, a perda de peso corporal induzida cirurgicamente melhorou a fun??o pulmonar e reduziu comorbidades importantes. / Introduction: The number of indications for bariatric surgery (BS) has increased worldwide, proving to be a useful measure in the treatment of severe obesity, promoting reduction of morbimortality, improvement of cardiorespiratory / metabolic alterations and higher quality of life. Rehabilitation programs after BS have been stimulated, being especially important in controlling comorbidities and regaining body weight in the long term. Despite this, there is little evidence related to the effects of BS, with or without rehabilitation, on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a measure that strongly impacts mortality and weight control. In this context, it is necessary to follow the functional capacity and the implementation of rehabilitation programs in the postoperative period (PO) of BS, since isolated weight loss does not seem to increase the CRF in individuals who remain sedentary after surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of BS and a structured program of cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation (applied in the PO) on CRF and pulmonary function in obese women, and to compare them to a control group. Methods: The research was divided into two stages. Initially, a follow-up study consisting of anthropometric, spirometric and cardiorespiratory / functional evaluation (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing-CPX) was performed in 34 obese women before and after BS, of which two articles resulted. In the second stage, we performed a non-randomized, simple blind trial involving 12 obese adult women (grade II and III) candidates for BS, who were divided into control-CG group (n = 6) and intervention group-IG (n = 6). All patients were evaluated in the preoperative, third (3MPO) and sixth month of PO (6MPO), regarding the same parameters of the first stage. The IG participated in a specific rehabilitation program which consisted of aerobic and resistance exercises for 12 weeks and starting at 3MPO. The CG received only general guidelines. Thus, a total of three scientific articles were produced, where the statistical strategy varied according to the methodology of each study. A significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: After BS, all the patients evaluated had a significant reduction (p <0.001) in comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes) and anthropometric measurements, in addition to an improvement in pulmonary function (p <0.05). However, only those obese who participated in the physical training protocol presented a significant increase (p <0.05) in VO2peak and in the total duration of CPX, of 5.9 ml / kg / min (23.8%) and 4.9 minutes (42.9%), respectively. After a period of 9.4 ? 2.7 months of PO, there was a reduction of absolute VO2peak (p <0.001) in patients who remained sedentary after BS (n = 34), with no differences in relative VO2peak to body weight (p = 0.06). We also observed a moderate correlation (r = -0.52, p <0.05) between ?VO2peak and ?NC-neck circumference. Conclusions: The CRF increased significantly only in the group of obese women who participated in a structured rehabilitation program after three months of CB, indicating that exercise tolerance and aerobic capacity may not increase in women who remain inactive after surgery. However, regardless of exercise practice, weight loss induced surgically improved pulmonary function and reduced major comorbidities.

Contrairement aux idées reçues, Jean-Jacques Rousseau a aimé le rire et la gaieté : différents écrits, souvent allègres, depuis les œuvres autobiographiques jusqu’à ses comédies, nous le prouvent. La Correspondance Complète le confirme : goût du comique, badinage, rire sentimental, bonhomie et même humour caractérisent le Citoyen de Genève que l’on oppose traditionnellement à Voltaire pour son manque de légèreté. Bien plus, les notions de gaieté et le rire s’intègrent à son système philosophique, et contribuent à enrichir sa conception de la société, de l’éducation, de l’enfance et même des femmes – bien au-delà de la seule Lettre à d’Alembert. Inversement, l’écrivain s’est méfié de manière innée du rire de dérision, et surtout du persiflage, dont il s’est vu la victime dans les salons de Paris. De plus, à partir de 1750 et surtout de la réforme de 1756, le Citoyen, devenu le ‘’pourfendeur des rires’’ sur le plan intellectuel et moral, devient lui-même, progressivement, la risée de Paris, de Genève et de Londres (de la part de personnalités aussi différentes que Palissot, Voltaire, Walpole, Grimm ou Diderot) – au point d’imaginer l’existence du « complot » en 1766 à Wootton, et d’y perdre un peu de sa « raison » - mais jamais vraiment de sa gaieté originelle. / Contrary to generally accepted ideas, Jean-Jacques Rousseau liked the laughter and the cheerfulness: various writings (his novel Julie ou La Nouvelle Héloïse, his four comedies, his autobiographical works, and even pamphlets), often joyful, prove it. The Complete Correspondence confirms this idea: taste of comic, pleasantry, sentimental laughter, and even humor characterize the Citizen of Geneva who is traditionally opposed to Voltaire for his lack of lightness or wit. Moreover, the notions of cheerfulness and laughter fit his philosophical system, and enrich his conception of society, education, childhood and even women – well beyond the Lettre à d’Alembert sur les spectacles published in 1758. Conversely, and in a more conventional way, the writer used to distrust in an innate way, derision, and the ‘’persiflage’’ he was the victim in the salons of Paris. Especially from 1750 and more specifically after the personal reformation in 1756, Rousseau was the slayer of laughter at an intellectual and moral level, and he became gradually the victim of the laughing stock of Paris, Geneva and London (from personalities as diverse as Palissot, Voltaire, Walpole, Diderot and Grimm) –so much as to imagine the existence of the “complot” at Wootton in 1766.

A fonética, estudo dos sons de uma língua, tem um papel fundamental na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, principalmente na aquisição das competências orais. No entanto, a transposição didática desta disciplina não é sempre evidente para o professor de línguas estrangeiras. Por um lado, ele tem que enfrentar um assunto considerado excessivamente técnico e inacessível aos não-iniciados, e por outro, são poucas as obras escritas para este fim. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir o lugar da fonética no ensino/aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras e propor procedimentos metodológicos para o trabalho da fonética em sala de aula. Para isto apresentaremos no primeiro capítulo um percurso histórico das diferentes metodologias, mostrando como a pronúncia foi tratada em cada uma delas. Isto nos permitirá determinar, no capítulo II, os princípios a serem levados em conta na elaboração de um programa e das atividades de fonética. No último capítulo descreveremos as três experiências realizadas em duas instituições de ensino de francês língua estrangeira na Universidade de São Paulo. Graças a esta pesquisa poderemos não só avaliar a importância da fonética para o ensino/aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras como também sugerir atividades lúdicas que ajudem o professor a motivar seus alunos no aprimoramento da pronúncia. / Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. Even though it plays an important role in the second language acquisition, specially of the oral skills, its didactic transposition is not always evident for the language teacher. On the one hand he has to face a discipline considered too technical and unavailable to the non-initiated, on the other hand, there are very few works on the subject. The objective of this paper is to discuss the place of phonetics in second language teaching and to propose methodological procedures for its learning. For that, we will present in the first chapter an historical view of second language methods, showing how pronunciation was treated in each one of them. In chapter II we will determine the principles that should be taken into account when elaborating a phonetics program or activities. In the last chapter we will describe three experiences achieved in two different language institute at São Paulo University. Due to this research we will be able to evaluate the importance of phonetics in the second language acquisition and suggest fun activities to help teachers to motivate their students in pronunciation classes.

Syftet med studien var att fördjupa våra kunskaper om hur lärare kan skapa en meningsfull NO-undervisning som kan främja elevers lust att lära i årskurserna F-3. Metoden som tillämpades var en kvalitativ ansats bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens informanter var nio F-3 lärare som är verksamma på fem olika skolor i Mellansverige. Den pragmatiska lärandeteorin var studiens utgångspunkt. Utifrån studiens frågeställning har faktorer för meningsfullt lärande grundats ur den pragmatiska lärandeteorin för att tolka och analysera hur faktorerna, i förhållande till lärarnas uttalanden bidrar till en meningsfull NO-undervisning. Det visar att teori och praktik, elevernas erfarenheter, intressen och kunskapsnivåer är grundläggande aspekter i lärarnas NO-undervisning. Utifrån lärarnas beskrivningar visar resultatet att deras utgångspunkt för planeringen i undervisningen är elevgruppens kunskapsnivåer. Undervisningen anpassas för att vara relevant och avspegla samhällslivet utifrån elevernas tidigare erfarenheter och intressen, vilket delvis formar ämnesinnehållet. Ämnesinnehållet behandlas teoretiskt och praktisk för att eleverna ska befästa och erfara kunskaper. Detta resulterar i att ett lustfyllt lärande kan uppstå där elevernas intressen skapas och tillvaratas, vilket kan antas leda till ett meningsfullt lärande. Studiens slutsats är därmed att faktorer inom den pragmatiska lärandeteorin som analyserats i förhållande till lärarnas uttalanden visade sig beskrivas som framgångsrika undervisningsverktyg av lärarna i studien för att skapa en meningsfull NO-undervisning, vilket kan främja elevernas lust att lära i årskurserna F-3. / The study aimed to deepen our understanding of how teachers can create a meaningful science teaching that promotes pupils' desire to learn in grades F-3. The method used was a qualitative approach consisting of semi-structured interviews. The study's informants were nine F-3 teachers who are active in five different schools in Central Sweden. The pragmatic learning theory was the starting point of the study. Based on the study's question, factors for meaningful learning have been based on the pragmatic learning theory to interpret and analyze how the factors, in relation to the teachers' statements, contribute to meaningful science teaching. It shows that theory and practice, pupils' experiences, interests, and knowledge levels are fundamental aspects of a teachers' science teaching. Based on teachers' descriptions, the results show that their starting point for planning science teaching is the pupil group's knowledge levels. Teaching is adapted to be relevant and reflect social life and pupils' experiences and interests, which partly shape the subject content. The subject content is treated theoretically and practically so the pupils can amass and experience knowledge. This can enable a fun-filled and meaningful learning experience where pupils' interests are formed and maintained. The study determines that factors identified in the teachers' statements, which were analyzed through pragmatic learning theory, turned out to be described as successful teaching tools for achieving a meaningful science teaching that can promote pupils' desire to learn.

The topic of my work was to revitalize, recreate and redefine the recreational and sports area Za Lužánkami. Despite its gradual ruining and poor technical conditions it still has something to offer. Indications of this are constant efforts to refresh sport activities and ambitions to bring to this place its lost glory. The main goal of this proposal was to focus on creating a football stadium, support and highlight its dominance and majesty. Stadium was dimensioned on real usefulness with capacity more than 20 000 spectators. The main element of the stadium is its placing in a rising surface and to create a construction which will be a pleasant attraction with its exterior raising pillars and roof construction from all cardinal points. Football stadium fulfills functions of a modern stadium in all required factors and its placing and connection and fulfills sports hall compliance and recreational area for all visitors and householders.

No description available.

Digitala utbildningar finns för att hjälpa verksamheter med att utbilda sina anställda för att förbättra deras prestationer, samt skydda verksamheterna från att bli utnyttjade. Gamification eller spelifiering är tillämpningen av spelmekanismer i ett icke-spelsammanhang och används inom företag då dess upplevda potential gör att lärande blir mer engagerande och roligt. Det finns inte mycket forskning som bevisar om gamification kan hjälpa företag i utbildningssyfte eller inte. Denna studie undersökte om gamification gör digitala internutbildningar roligare eller inte, genom att jämföra två företag där ena använde sig av gamification och det andra inte gjorde det. Den insamlade data kom från frågeformulär som gav både kvalitativ och kvantitativ data. Data har analyserats med T-test och tematiskt analys för att ge ett empiriskt bidrag till forskningen angående gamification. Resultaten visade att gamification har en betydande inverkan på att göra digitala internutbildningar roligare från både T-testet och den tematiska analysen. / Digital training education exists to help businesses educate their employees to improve their performance as well as to protect the business from being exploited. Gamification is the application of game mechanisms in a non-game context and is used within companies as its perceived potential makes learning more engaging and fun. There is not yet much research that actually proves whether gamification can help companies for educational purposes or not. The study investigated whether gamification makes digital training education more fun or not by comparing two companies where one used gamification and the other did not. The data collected came from questionnaires that provided both qualitative and quantitative data. The data has been analyzed with a T-test and a thematic analysis to provide an empirical contribution to the research regarding gamification. The results show that gamification has a significant impact on making digital internal training more fun from both the T-test and the thematic analysis.

Nöje är en viktig aspekt i spel som spelas för underhållning. För att kontrollera om ett spel är roligt krävs speltestning, men i denna process uppstår det flera nivåer av störvariabler som påverkar tolkningen av resultatet. Det tycks alltså finnas ett behov av objektiva och mätbara variabler i speltestning. Därför ämnade denna studie besvara frågan om vad sambandet mellan antal misslyckanden och upplevt nöje är. I undersökningen bjöds 18 respondenter in för att spela ett pusselspel, som hade konstruerats enligt etablerade designprinciper och med syftet att tydligt visa när spelarna gör felaktiga handlingar som resulterar i misslyckanden. Därefter besvarade de inbjudna respondenterna på en frågeenkät, som utformades enligt Sweetser och Wyeths GameFlow-modell, för att uppskatta deras upplevda nöje. Två potentiella samband kunde uppmärksammas: Pusselspel tycks ha en mängd misslyckanden, ett gyllene intervall, som resulterar i mest nöje, och gradvisa förändringar i antal misslyckanden i nivåer som följer varandra ökar spelarens upplevelse av nöje. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p><p>There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.</p>

No description available.

Le succès commercial des jeux vidéo nous montre qu’ils sont devenus une alternative non négligeable en matière de loisir et de divertissement. En observant les tendances, on constate que les concepteurs de jeux vidéo cherchent à transposer ou adapter les loisirs comme la danse, l’interprétation de la musique ou la pratique d’un sport dans le contexte de jeux vidéo (l’univers virtuel) et ceci est devenu encore plus évident depuis l’apparition des nouvelles technologies intégrant le mouvement comme mode d'interaction. En rapport aux activités dont les jeux vidéo s’inspirent, ces tendances entraînent des changements considérables sur l’aspect formel de l’activité ludique et notamment l’interaction. Dans le cas particulier du tennis de table, ou ping-pong dans le langage courant, il semble y avoir des différences en terme de plaisir lors de la pratique de ce loisir de façon traditionnelle ou en mode virtuel dans ses différentes adaptations. Le but de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence les différences entre l’appréciation de l’interaction avec le contrôleur multifonctionnel Wiimote et une raquette traditionnelle de ping-pong et de découvrir les implications sur l’expérience du plaisir de la transposition du jeu ping-pong traditionnel comparé aux adaptations sur la console Wii. Ainsi, en regard du CLASSIC GAME MODEL de Juul (2005) et du modèle THE FOUR FUN KEYS de Lazzaro (2008) nous comparons les deux modes d’interaction, jeu traditionnel avec le jeu virtuel, sur le plan formel du jeu et sur les dimensions du plaisir que chacun procure. Les résultats obtenus par l’observation des tests de jeu et l’entremise des autres outils permettent de souligner le rôle déterminant des interfaces dans l’engagement des joueurs et de montrer les limites des interfaces digitales par rapport à celle des jeux traditionnels. / The market success of Video games shows us that they have become a significant alternative for leisure and entertainment. While observing the trends one can realize that game designers tend to transpose or adapt leisure activities such as dance, playing music or sports to the context of video games which has become even more obvious with the appearance of input devices incorporating physical movement as a mode of interaction. Inspired by these different forms of leisure, video game user interfaces have considerably changed the formal aspect of play, especially in terms of interaction. In the particular case of table tennis, also known as ping-pong, there are significant differences with respect to pleasure when playing a traditional game or its virtual adaptations in form of video games. The purpose of this research is to highlight the difference in appreciation of the interaction with the Wiimote controller and a traditional ping-pong racket and discover the implications on the fun experiences of traditional table tennis and its adaptations for the Wii console. Thus, based on Juul's CLASSIC GAME MODEL (2005) and Lazzaro' model of THE FOUR FUN KEYS (2008) we compare both interaction modes, traditional game with the virtual game, in terms of formal level of the game and the notion of fun that each provides. The results obtained through observation and testing through other tools allow us to highlight the importance of interfaces and their role in the players' commitment as well as to show the limit of video games compared to their traditional counterpart.