The present dissertation analyses on the thematic of the jurisdictional guardianship, its species, the procedural mechanisms used to achieve it and the configuration assigned by the current doctrine to its concept. It also examines the environment protection as a basic right, discoursing on its main material and legal characteristics, seeking to demonstrate the elements that suggest the preventive jurisdictional guardianship as the most suitable to ensure greater effectiveness to the fundamental right of the environment, as enshrined by the constitutional text, and bringing, moreover, the debate on the contributions of the Judiciary and the procedural science for the implementation and effectiveness of the basic rights. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação apresenta como temática o estudo da tutela jurisdicional, suas espécies, os mecanismos processuais utilizados para alcançá-la e o conteúdo atribuído pela doutrina mais atual ao seu conceito, bem como o estudo do bem jurídico ambiental, suas características materiais e jurídicas, buscando assim demonstrar os elementos que sugerem a tutela jurisdicional de caráter preventivo como sendo a mais adequada para garantir maior efetividade possível ao direito fundamental do meio ambiente, na forma inviolável como consagrado pelo texto constitucional pátrio, ensejo em que se discorre sobre a contribuição da atuação do Poder Judiciário e do direito processual para a concretização e efetividade de direitos fundamentais.

In this article, the author describes the importance of protection orders issued in domestic violence processes, in relation to Law 30364. In addition, she points out its difference with interim orders, that protection orders offer preventive protection to the victims of domestic violence. She concludes that protection orders must been interpreted according to certain principles and its validity must continue through a non-contentious process. / En este artículo, la autora describe la importancia de las medidas de protección dictadas en los procesos de violencia familiar, a propósito de la Ley 30364. Asimismo, señala su diferencia con las medidas cautelares, siendo que las medidas de protección ofrecen tutela preventiva a las víctimas de violencia familiar. Concluye que las medidas de protección deben ser interpretadas de acuerdo a determinados principios, y su vigencia debe continuar a través de un proceso no contencioso.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена анализу и совершенствованию технологий профилактики рисков вторичного сиротства, реализуемых органами опеки и попечительства территориальных управлений социальной политики муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург». В работе рассмотрены феномен вторичного сиротства, его причины и риски, нормативно-правовые основы управления рисками вторичного сиротства в Российской Федерации, а также социальные технологии профилактики рисков вторичного сиротства. В аналитической главе представлена характеристика деятельности органов социального обслуживания по профилактике рисков вторичного сиротства на территории муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург». В ней дана оценка практик выявления и профилактики рисков вторичного сиротства в Екатеринбурге. Практическая значимость магистерской диссертации заключается в разработке пилотного проекта по совершенствованию профилактики рисков вторичного сиротства на территории города Екатеринбурга. / The master's thesis is devoted to the analysis and improvement of technologies for the prophylactic of the risks of secondary orphanhood, implemented by the guardianship authorities of the territorial Departments of Social Policy in the Yekaterinburg. The master's thesis examines the phenomenon of secondary orphanhood, its causes and risks, the regulatory framework for managing the risks of secondary orphanhood in the Russian Federation, as well as social technologies for prophylactic the risks of secondary orphanhood. The analytical chapter presents the characteristics of the activities of social service agencies to prophylactic the risks of secondary orphanhood in the Yekaterinburg. It assesses the practice of identifying and preventing the risks of secondary orphanhood in Yekaterinburg. The practical significance of the master's thesis is the elaboration of a pilot project to improve the prophylactic of the risks of secondary orphanhood in the Yekaterinburg.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether different types of home protection/guardianship behavior have any influence on worry about burglary, using the Seattle, Washington data collected by Terrance Miethe in 1990. This study also examines whether gender and previous victimization have any moderating effect on the relationship between home guardianship and worry about burglary. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships. The findings in the main model showed that four of the seven types of home guardianship significantly predicted higher likelihoods of worry of about burglary. When gender was treated as a moderator, only one type of home protection significantly predicted higher chances of worry for females whereas four types of home protection significantly predicted higher odds of worry for males. When previous victimization was treated as a moderator, findings in the non-victims’ model were the same as findings in the main model. Findings in the previous victims’ model showed that one type of home guardianship predicted higher chances of worry about burglary. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

1 RESUME This Honours Project has a character of comaparing theory. It is devided into six chapters. In the first chapter is specified The Office of the Public Guardian. The second chapter is focused on historical development and is devided into four sub- chapters. The special guardianship regulations from the times of Roman law all the way to the latest history are discussed in these four sub-chapters. The third chapter is comparing The special guardianship regulations of The family law number 94/1963 of Civil Code which was subsituted by new law 89/2012 of Civil Code valid from 1st January 2014. It is comparing the special The fourth chapter called The guardian ad litem and other forms of guardianship is describing the these forms by the valid Special guardianship regulations and comparing with The guardian ad litem. The fifth chapter is focusing on the guardian's allowance for the personal use of the minor. The last sixth chapter gives us the characteristics of current social and legal children protection system in Czech Republic. They include a closer specifiation of Divisions of the public sector effecting. Keywords: Guardianship Guardian ad litem Ward Minor Parents Parent's responsibilities Care 2 Family Divisions of social and legal children protection Protection

Cochem model in the application practice of Czech courts Abstract The presented diploma thesis titled "The Cochemic Model in the Application Practice of the Czech Courts" deals with the main principles of the Cochem model, which is based on the cooperation of the professions involved in the divorce proceedings, and which is currently being gradually introduced by some of the Czech courts. The aim of the thesis is to find out the results of the first application approaches, on the basis of which it would be possible to determine the possibilities of further application of the presented model within the framework of Czech guardianship procedures. The second goal of the diploma thesis is the complex elaboration of the topic in terms of substantive and procedural law and further clarification of the current legislative situation, including the reflection over de lege ferenda. First of all, the diploma thesis introduces the origin of the Cochem model, moreover, it also presents its first application in Germany in the first chapter. The second chapter focuses on the importance of application of the presented model and its benefits for the participants in the proceedings. Within the chapter there are also presented the possibilities of applying a different substantive basis of parental responsibility within the...

Le contrôle n'est pas un concept juridique unitaire, et ceux intéressants les collectivités territoriales françaisesl’expriment distinctement. De l’instauration d’une décentralisation au lendemain de la Révolution française,jusqu’à la récente loi du 16 décembre 2010, l’évolution de ces contrôles est intrinsèquement liée à celle de l’Etat,de la démocratie locale et de la justice administrative. Processus indispensable au respect d’un Etat unitaire etgarant de la légalité, les contrôles exercés par l’Etat fluctuent entre objectifs de tutelle et objectif de vérification,et posent ainsi la question de leur compatibilité avec le respect de la liberté d’administration de ces collectivitéspar des conseils élus. Simultanément, les contrôles des citoyens sur ces mêmes collectivités sont affaiblis par unecitoyenneté locale hétérogène, et une démocratie locale finalement complexe et captée par une caste politique, aupoint que l’efficience de ces contrôles citoyens pose question. Enfin le respect des droits individuels face auxpouvoirs des puissances publiques locales nécessite l’intervention d’un juge indépendant, tant à l’égard desindividus cocontractants d’une collectivité territoriale, qu’à l’égard des autres administrés. Créée par la loi du 28pluviôse an VIII, instaurant le Conseil d’Etat et les Conseils de préfecture, la justice administrative est au coeurde ces processus de contrôles. Par l’instauration des Conseils de préfecture interdépartementaux en 1926, desTribunaux administratifs en 1953 et enfin des Cours administratives d’appel en 1987, le juge administratif a été,et reste, l’arbitre puissant de ces contrôles multidirectionnels intéressants les collectivités territoriales. / Control is not a unitary legal concept, and those interesting French local governments articulate. Theintroduction of decentralization in the aftermath of the French Revolution, until the recent law of 16 December2010, the evolution of these controls is intrinsically linked to the state of local democracy and justiceadministrative. Process is crucial to ensuring a unitary state and guarantor of legality, the controls exercised bythe state fluctuated between supervisory objectives and audit objective, and thus pose the question of theircompatibility with the respect for freedom of Directors these communities by elected councils. Simultaneously,the control of citizens on these communities are weakened by heterogeneous local citizenship and localdemocracy finally captured by a complex caste politics to the point that the effectiveness of these controls raisesquestions citizens. Finally, respect for individual rights against the powers of local government powers requiresthe intervention of an independent judge, both against individuals and contractors a local authority in respect ofother citizens. Created by the law of 28 Pluviose year VIII, establishing the Conseil d’Etat, and the Conseils deprefecture, administrative law cases is at the heart of these control processes. Through the establishment of inter-Tips Conseils de prefecture in 1926, the Administrative Tribunals in 1953 and finally Administrative Courts ofAppeal in 1987, the administrative judge was, and remains, the referee controls the powerful multidirectionalinteresting local authorities.

In recent years, a growing proportion of the population has moved into gated communities in response to an increasingly pandemic fear of crime. While a sizable body of research has addressed fear of crime and perceived safety in gated communities, few studies have investigated actual rates of victimization. The studies that do compare victimization in gated and non-gated communities tend to be localized assessments and present mixed findings on the effectiveness of community gating as a form of protection from crime. The present study utilizes a cross-section of National Crime Victimization Survey data to investigate the micro-level effects of living in gated communities across the United States. Additionally, a routine activities approach is used to determine whether increasing levels of guardianship exhibit differential effects in gated versus non-gated communities. Findings from logit and rare events logit regression analyses generally suggest that living in a gated community does not significantly influence the likelihood of victimization, although in some cases the odds either increased or decreased. Other measures of guardianship exhibit a variety of positive and negative effects on victimization likelihood. Suggestions for future research on gated communities and victimization include more comprehensive measurement of community- and household-level security as well as taking account of community characteristics such as informal social control and residential solidarity. Policy implications from this research include greater attention to gated community design and layout in order to reduce the likelihood of residents being victimized. In addition, residents may benefit from education on the actual risks of crime and realistic steps to reduce the likelihood of being targeted by potential offenders.

Vid ett oplanerat generationsskifte när arvingen är omyndig är risken stor att den reella beslutande makten tillfaller en oönskad person. Anledningen till detta är den betydande förmyndarförvaltning en efterlevande förmyndare kan utöva över tillgångar den omyndige fått via legalt arv/testamente eller gåva. De möjligheter som ett borttestamenterande av förvaltningsrätten ger, kan tyvärr ge en falsk känsla av trygghet för testator. I flertalet av fallen finns möjlighet för den efterlevande förmyndaren att utnyttja laglottsmöjligheten föra att tillskansa sig beslutande makt över företaget och på så sätt motverka testators vilja. Trots att lagstiftaren på olika sätt försökt att trygga den omyndiges situation genom regler för hur förmyndare och överförmyndare skall handla anser jag dessa regler vara otillräckliga. Den utvidgning av förmyndaransvaret som omarbetningen av föräldrabalken i mitten på 90-talet innebar, gav tyvärr oärliga förmyndare större möjligheter att sko sig på den omyndige. Resterande skyddsregler rörande omyndigs aktieägande väger ej upp de brister som den frisläppta föräldraförvaltningen innebär. / Vid ett oplanerat generationsskifte när arvingen är omyndig är risken stor att den reella beslutande makten tillfaller en oönskad person. Anledningen till detta är den betydande förmyndarförvaltning en efterlevande förmyndare kan utöva över tillgångar den omyndige fått via legalt arv/testamente eller gåva. De möjligheter som ett borttestamenterande av förvaltningsrätten ger, kan tyvärr ge en falsk känsla av trygghet för testator. I flertalet av fallen finns möjlighet för den efterlevande förmyndaren att utnyttja laglottsmöjligheten föra att tillskansa sig beslutande makt över företaget och på så sätt motverka testators vilja. Trots att lagstiftaren på olika sätt försökt att trygga den omyndiges situation genom regler för hur förmyndare och överförmyndare skall handla anser jag dessa regler vara otillräckliga. Den utvidgning av förmyndaransvaret som omarbetningen av föräldrabalken i mitten på 90-talet innebar, gav tyvärr oärliga förmyndare större möjligheter att sko sig på den omyndige. Resterande skyddsregler rörande omyndigs aktieägande väger ej upp de brister som den frisläppta föräldraförvaltningen innebär.

In this essay, I argue that the institution of journalism plays a vital role in informing citizens of a deliberative democratic society, and that to effectively fulfill this role, journalists must report the news objectively. I first examine the historical evolution of objectivity as it pertains to journalism. Then, I elaborate on some of the philosophical concepts that provide the foundation for objectivity. Next, I introduce John Rawls’ idea of public reason, which provides an improved understanding of the role of journalism within a democratic society. I claim from this that journalism must re-envision its role as guardian of the public political forum. Finally, I bring these various discussions together by drawing in the requirements that Stephen Ward lays out in his theory of pragmatic objectivity, and argue that these are necessary to help journalism legitimize its authority to safeguard this forum. In doing so, journalism can ensure both that citizens are objectively informed and that the public forum offers them a sphere in which they can effectively participate in the governance of their democracy.