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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Dysregulation and phenotypic modification of osteoarthritic osteoblast by Galectin-3 : Identification of cellular ligands / Modulation de la dérégulation phénotypique des ostéoblastes par la galectine-3 : identification des ligands cellulaires

Hu, Yong 29 September 2015 (has links)
La cellule principale de l’os sous-chondral est l’ostéoblaste qui joue un rôle central dans la production qualitative et quantitative de la matrice ostéoïde. Plusieurs études montrent que le collagène de type I et la phosphatase alcaline sont des marqueurs précoces de la différenciation des ostéoblastes tandis que l’ostéocalcine (OCN) et la minéralisation sont des marqueurs des stades tardifs de cette différenciation. L’os sous-chondral est le site actif de nombreux changements morphologiques qui peuvent être différents au cours de l’arthrose (OA) mais qui sont partie prenante du processus pathologique. Ces changements consistent en une formation de la matrice osseuse importante associée une inhibition de la minéralisation. Ces phénomènes peuvent être reliés aux changements phénotypiques des ostéoblastes. La galectine-3 (gal-3) est un facteur inflammatoire qui a été détecté dans le tissu synovial et dans le liquide synovial lors d’inflammation d’OA. Des études antérieures ont montré que la gal-3 participait à la destruction du cartilage et inhibait fortement la production d’OCN par les ostéoblastes OA. Ces faits ont permis de suggérer que la gal-3 pouvait participer soit à l’initiation soit à la progression de l’arthrose. Peu d’études ont globalement été réalisées sur le rôle de la galectine-3 dans l’arthrose et encore moins sur le rôle de gal-3 sur les altérations de l’os sous-chondral.Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a consisté à caractériser les ostéoblastes arthrosiques, puis investigué la modulation du phénotype des ostéoblastes arthrosiques par gal-3 en et enfin identifier les mécanismes cellulaires impliqués. D’une part, nous avons identifié deux populations ostéoblastes OA grâce à l’expression d’OCN. Dans les conditions basales, ces deux populations expriment de façon différentielle le TGF-ß1, Wnt5b et DKK2, ce qui suggère une différenciation et un phénotype hétérogènes des ostéoblastes chez les patients OA. D’autre part, nous confirmons le rôle délétère de la gal-3 dans l’articulation lors d’inflammation puisqu’elle stimule la production de collagénase 1 impliquée dans la dégradation osseuse. De plus, elle accentue la perturbation phénotypique des ostéoblastes qui produisent plus de leptine lors d’épisodes hypoxiques. Bien que plusieurs ligands membranaires puissent médier les effets de gal-3, 4F2hc semble jouer un rôle récurrent / Osteoblasts are the main cells in subchondral bone (SCB), which are responsible for the bone matrix production. Their differentiation can be evaluated by type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase in the early stage and by osteocalcin (OCN) and mineralization in the late stage. Alterations of SCB are essential episodes of osteoarthritis (OA) and are represented by a significant bone formation accompanied with abnormal hypomineralization. These changes in SCB are related to phenotypic modifications of osteoblasts. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an inflammatory factor markedly detected in the synovial tissue and synovial fluid during OA inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that gal-3 was deleterious for cartilage and inhibited the production of OCN in OA osteoblasts. These findings suggest that gal-3 can participate in either the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis. So far, a few studies have been conducted to explore the role of Gal-3 in OA and particularly related to SCB. In this context, the thesis has consisted to characterize OA osteoblasts, to investigate the modulation of the OA osteoblast phenotype by gal-3 and finally to identify the involved cellular mechanisms. We have identified two populations of OA osteoblasts according to the OCN expression. Under basal conditions, these two populations express TGF-ß1, Wnt5b and DKK2 differentially, suggesting various differentiation and heterogeneous phenotype of osteoblasts in OA patients. Moreover, we confirmed the deleterious role of gal-3 in the joint during inflammation since it stimulates the production of collagenase 1 involved in bone degradation. In addition, it emphasizes the disruption of phenotypic osteoblasts by producing more leptin during hypoxic episodes. Although several membrane ligands can mediate the effects of gal-3, 4F2hc seems to play a prominent role
12

Galectin-3 bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener Ejektionsfraktion (HFpEF) - Klinische Assoziationen, Einfluss einer Aldosteron-Rezeptor-Blockade und prognostische Bedeutung - Ergebnisse der Aldo-DHF- Studie / Galectin-3 in patients with heartfailure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) -clinical associations, influence of an aldosterone receptor blockade and prognostic relevance - results of the Aldo-DHF-study

Unkelbach, Ines Angela 09 March 2015 (has links)
No description available.
13

Diagnostischer und prognostischer Stellenwert des Biomarkers Galectin-3 bei diastolischer Dysfunktion und Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener LV-Funktion –Ergebnisse der DIAST-CHF-Studie / Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of the biomarker Galectin-3 in diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved LV function – results of the DIAST-CHF study

Glück, Annika 10 November 2020 (has links)
No description available.
14

Avaliação da expressão das galectinas no melanoma canino / Evaluation of galectins expression in canine melanoma

Garcia, Jessica Soares 03 July 2017 (has links)
O melanoma canino é uma neoplasia frequente em cães, tem um caráter maligno, invasivo, com potencial metastático e, neste contexto, estudos acerca do envolvimento das galectinas se justifica para ampliar o conhecimento do microambiente tumoral desta neoplasia. As galectinas são proteínas da família das lectinas animais que apresentam domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos e podem estar localizadas no núcleo, no citoplasma, na superfície de células e secretadas em diversos tecidos. Acredita-se que principalmente a galectina-1 (gal-1) e a galectina-3 (gal-3) estejam associadas à transformação neoplásica, sobrevivência da célula neoplásica, angiogênese, evasão do sistema imune e formação de metástases. A gal-1 está principalmente relacionada com a transformação tumoral e evasão do sistema imune. A gal-3 está principalmente associada com a angiogênese, desenvolvimento de metástases pelo aumento da motilidade e adesão entre as células neoplásicas e adesão entre as células neoplásicas e o endotélio, além de contribuir para a evasão do sistema imune. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o padrão de expressão de gal-1 e gal-3 nos diferentes graus de agressividade do melanoma canino, além de avaliar a concentração sérica de gal-3 e comparar com cães clinicamente saudáveis. Foram analisadas a expressão de gal-1 e gal-3 em 30 fragmentos de melanoma canino, seis fragmentos de melanocitoma e nove fragmentos de linfonodos metastáticos. Foi realizada a dosagem sérica de gal-3 em 30 cães com melanoma e comparada a 10 cães clinicamente saudáveis. O melanoma canino expressou gal-1 principalmente no citoplasma e expressou um padrão variável de gal-3 no citoplasma e no núcleo. Em relação à expressão de gal-3 observou-se que conforme a agressividade do melanoma houve diminuição da frequência de células com marcação citoplasmática e um aumento da intensidade de marcação nuclear com concomitante diminuição da frequência de células com marcação nuclear. Os cães com melanoma apresentaram aumento dos níveis séricos de gal-3 antes da exérese da neoplasia quando comparados aos animais clinicamente saudáveis, mostrando o seu potencial uso como biomarcador do melanoma. / Canine melanoma is a frequent neoplasm in dogs. It has a malignant, invasive and metastatic potential. In this context, studies about the involvement of galectins are justified to increase the knowledge of melanoma tumor microenvironment. Galectins are proteins of the animal lectins family, that display carbohydrate recognition domains and may be located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell surface, as well as secreted in various tissues. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are associated with neoplastic transformation, neoplastic cell survival, angiogenesis, immune system evasion, and metastasis formation. Gal-1 is mainly related to tumor transformation and immune system evasion. Gal-3 is mainly associated with angiogenesis, development of metastasis by increased motility and adhesion between neoplastic cells and adhesion between neoplastic cells and endothelium, while contributing to the evasion of the immune system. The aim of the study was to ascertain the expression pattern of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in different severity degrees of canine melanoma, as well as to evaluate the serum concentration of Gal-3 and to compare with clinically healthy dogs. Gal-1 and Gal-3 expression was analyzed in 30 canine melanoma fragments, six melanocytoma fragments and nine fragments of metastatic lymph nodes. Serum Gal-3 was measured in 30 dogs with melanoma and compared to 10 clinically healthy dogs. Canine melanoma expressed Gal-1 primarily in the cytoplasm and presented a variable pattern of Gal-3 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Regarding the expression of Gal-3, it was observed that according to melanoma severity, there was a decrease in the percent frequence of cells with cytoplasmic labeling and an increase in the nuclear marking intensity with concomitant decrease in the percent frequency of nuclear-labeled cells. Dogs with melanoma had increased serum levels of Gal-3 before the excision of the neoplasia when compared to the clinically healthy animals, showing its potential use as a melanoma biomarker.
15

Avaliação do papel de galectina-3 no recrutamento de macrófagos e sua participação na angiogênese em modelo de fibrossarcoma / Evaluation of the role of galectin-3 in macrophage recruitment and its participation in angiogenesis in a fibrosarcoma model

Furuzawa, Karina Mie 04 November 2016 (has links)
Assim como tecidos normais, tumores possuem uma demanda de nutrientes e oxigênio, suprida através da vasculatura a eles associada que resulta do processo de angiogênese. Fatores pró-angiogênicos são capazes de atrair monócitos, os quais se diferenciam em macrófagos associados a tumores (TAMs). TAMs comumente apresentam fenótipo M2, cujas características são consideradas pró-tumorais, como a promoção da angiogênese e a degradação de matriz extracelular. Estudos indicam que galectina-3 (gal-3), uma proteína pleiotrópica que se liga a ?-galactosídeos, participa do controle da angiogênese e da infiltração de macrófagos M2 na massa tumoral, mas pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos envolvidos. No presente estudo, utilizamos um modelo de sarcoma induzido por carcinógeno em camundongos selvagens (WT) e knockout para gal-3 (Gal- 3 KO). Comparando os tumores de animais WT e Gal-3 KO, não observamos diferenças no padrão de crescimento tumoral, na área necrótica relativa, na proliferação celular e na quantificação de fibras de colágeno. Demonstramos que, embora ambos os grupos desenvolvam tumores, a angiogênese foi inibida em um microambiente desprovido de gal-3. Entretanto, não houve diferença na produção do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF). As imagens obtidas in vivo indicaram que gal- 3 também influencia na formação estrutural de vasos adjacentes ao tumor. Além de mediar aspectos morfológicos relacionados à angiogênese, demonstramos que gal-3 também contribuiu para a funcionalidade vascular, pois houve uma redução na velocidade de fluxo sanguíneo nos vasos intratumorais de animais Gal-3 KO. Nossos dados sugeriram que há menos macrófagos no tumor que não expressa gal-3 e, dentre os TAMs, há mais M2 em comparação ao tumor gal-3-positivo. A análise do tecido onde o tumor se desenvolve, na fase inicial da tumorigênese, indicou que a ausência de gal-3 está relacionada a uma maior densidade de macrófagos M2. Considerando que a presença maior de macrófagos M2 nos sarcomas gal-3-negativos não resultou em maior produção de VEGF, mas sim na inibição da angiogênese, nossos resultados apontam para uma participação significativa de gal-3 na mediação da angiogênese pelos macrófagos / As well as normal tissues, tumors require nutrients and oxygen, which are supplied by the associated vasculature that results from the process of angiogenesis. Pro-angiogenic factors are able to attract monocytes and they differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs commonly exhibit M2 phenotype, which has characteristics considered pro-tumoral, such as angiogenesis promotion and degradation of extracellular matrix. Studies show that galectin-3 (gal-3), a pleiotropic ?-galactosidebinding protein, participates in angiogenesis control and M2 macrophage infiltration into the tumor mass, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. In this work, we established a model of carcinogen-induced sarcoma in wild-type (WT) and gal-3 knockout (Gal-3 KO) mice. Comparing tumors from WT and Gal-3 KO animals, there were no differences in the pattern of tumor growth, relative necrotic area, cell proliferation and collagenous fibers. We demonstrated that, although both groups develop tumors, angiogenesis was inhibited in a microenvironment devoid of gal-3. However, there was no difference in the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The images obtained in vivo indicated that gal-3 also influenced the structural formation of vessels adjacent to the tumor. In addition to mediating morphological aspects related to angiogenesis, we demonstrated that gal-3 also contributes to vascular functionality, since there was a reduction in blood flow velocity in intratumoral vessels from Gal-3 KO animals. Our data suggested that there are fewer macrophages in tumors without gal-3 and, among TAMs, there are more M2 compared to gal-3-positive tumors. Analysis of the tissue where the tumor develops, in early stages of tumorigenesis, indicated that the lack of gal-3 is related to an increased density of M2 macrophages. Since the greater number of M2 macrophages in gal-3-negative fibrosarcomas did not result in increased VEGF production, but inhibited angiogenesis, our results suggest a significant role of gal-3 in regulation of angiogenesis by macrophages
16

Modulação da expressão de galectina-3 frente às pressões seletivas de pH e oxigenação: um mecanismo para a heterogeneidade intratumoral? / Modulation of galectin-3 expression regarding to pH and oxygenation selective pressures: a mechanism for intratumoral heterogeneity?

Cardoso, Ana Carolina Ferreira 31 October 2014 (has links)
A heterogeneidade intratumoral é um fenômeno extremamente importante para entender a progressão tumoral e a resposta à intervenção terapêutica. A galectina-3 pertence à família das lectinas, possuem a função de reconhecimento e ligação à ?-galactosídeos ramificados de glicolipídeos e glicoproteínas, e está envolvida em processos fisiológicos e patológicos como o câncer. Nesse trabalho, a heterogeneidade intratumoral em relação à expressão de galectina-3 foi observada em amostras de diferentes lesões melanocíticas de pacientes. Além disso, o inóculo de células de melanoma murino negativas para galectina-3 em animais gal3-/- gerou tumores constituídos por uma fração de células tumorais que passaram a expressar de novo galectina-3, sugerindo que pressões do microambiente tumoral modulam a expressão dessa lectina em melanomas. A acidose extracelular atuou como regulador negativo de galectina-3 in vitro, diminuindo a expressão dessa lectina tanto em células de melanoma murino e humano quanto em melanócito murino. Entretanto, a hipóxia, seja pela exposição aguda ou intermitente, não alterou a expressão in vitro de galectina-3 em células de melanoma humano. Por fim, tumores originados pelo inóculo de células tumorais positivas e negativas para galectina-3 (mimetizando tumores heterogêneos) obtiveram a maior taxa de crescimento tumoral comparados aos tumores constituídos por uma única população de células, seja positiva ou negativa para galectina-3. Portanto, foram apresentadas evidências de que a heterogeneidade intratumoral em relação à galectina-3 parece estar envolvida com o sucesso evolutivo do melanoma e que a acidose é indicada como uma das pressões microambientais que contribuem para o estabelecimento e manutenção da fração de células tumorais negativas para galectina-3 dentro da massa tumoral / The intratumoral heterogeneity observed in human tumors is extremely important to understand tumor progression and its therapeutic response. Galectin-3 belongs to animal lectin family and it is a ?-galactosidase binding protein which is involved in physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. In this work, an intratumor heterogeneous galectin-3 expression was observed in tissue sessions containing different human melanocytic lesions. Moreover, negative galectin-3 murine cells injected into gal3-/- mice were able to generate tumors composed of a positive galectin-3 cell fraction, suggesting that selective forces in tumor microenvironment modulate galectin-3 expression in melanoma. Extracellular acidosis acts as a negative regulator to galectin-3 in vitro, decreasing its expression in murine and human melanoma cells and even in murine melanocytes. However, intermittent or acute hypoxia exposure did not alter galectin-3 expression in human melanoma cells in vitro. In addition, tumors originated from a mixture of positive and negative galectin-3 cells (mimicking heterogeneous tumors) showed higher growth rate compared to those derived from only galectin-3 positive or negative cells. Therefore, we showed evidences that galectin-3 intratumoral heterogeneity seems to be involved with the evolutionary success of melanoma and that acidosis may be the microenvironmental pressure responsible for the establishment and maintenance of galectin-3 negative cell fraction into the tumor bulk
17

Mecanismos associados à perda de expressão do gene de galectina-3 em um modelo de progressão de melanoma murino / Mechanisms associated to the loss of galectin-3 gene expression in a model of murine melanoma progression

Teixeira, Veronica Rodrigues 11 April 2007 (has links)
Galectina-3 é uma lectina animal que apresenta afinidade por b- galactosídeos e que tem sido associada à progressão tumoral e metástase. A expressão de galectina-3 encontra-se alterada durante a progressão tumoral de diferentes neoplasias. Em tumores como carcinoma de tiróide e bexiga a expressão de galectina-3 encontra-se aumentada, enquanto que em tumores como carcinoma de mama e ovário a expressão desta lectina encontra-se diminuída. Neste trabalho nós utilizamos um modelo de progressão tumoral de melanoma murino para investigar os mecanismos envolvidos na perda de expressão de galectina-3. Este modelo é composto por uma linhagem de melanócitos imortalizados (melan-a) e duas linhagens de melanoma de crescimento vertical (Tm1 e Tm5) estabelecidas após submeter a linhagem melan-a a inúmeros ciclos de de-adesão. Enquanto melan-a acumula grandes quantidades de galectina-3, as linhagens Tm1 e Tm5 deixaram de expressar o gene de galectina-3. Análise da região 5\' do gene de galectina-3 demonstrou que esta região apresentava grande conteúdo de dinucleotídeos CpG e vários sítios SP1. O seqüenciamento desta região após tratamento do DNA com bissulfito de sódio mostrou que esta região estava totalmente metilada nas linhagens Tm1 e Tm5 e desmetilada na linhagem melan-a. O tratamento da linhagem Tm1 com 5-Aza-2\'-deoxicitidina (5-Aza-CdR), um inibidor da DNA metiltransferase, provocou um decréscimo significativo nos níveis de metilação da região 5\' do gene de galectina-3 que por sua vez levou a re-expressão do RNAm e da proteína. O tratamento de Tm1 com os inibidores de histono deacetilases tricostatina A e 4-ácido-fenilbutírico em combinação com 5-Aza-CdR não aumentou os níveis de expressão do gene de galectina-3 e curiosamente, reverteu o efeito induzido por 5-Aza-CdR. Em adição, a expressão da enzima DNMT1 apresentou um discreto aumento nas linhagens Tm1 e Tm5 em relação a melan-a. Em conjunto esses resultados sugerem que mecanismos epigenéticos como a metilação estão envolvidos no controle de expressão do gene de galectina- 3 ao longo da progressão tumoral de melanoma murino. / Galectin-3 is a b-galactoside-binding animal lectin, shown to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Galectin-3 expression has been found altered along tumor progression of different tumors. In some types of cancers such as thyroid carcinoma and bladder carcinoma, galectin-3 expression has been found increased, whereas in tumors such as breast carcinoma and ovary carcinoma the expression of this lectin has been found decreased along tumor progression. In this study, we have used a murine melanoma model to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the loss of galectin-3 gene expression. This model consists of a cell line of immortalized melanocytes (melan-a) and two cell lines of vertical growth phase melanoma (Tm1 and Tm5) established after submitting melan-a cells to several deadhesion cycles. While melan-a expressed high amounts of galectin-3, both Tm1 and Tm5 cells lost galectin-3 gene expression. Analysis of the 5\' upstream region of the galectin-3 gene demonstrated the presence of a high CpG content and several SP1 binding sites. Bisulfite sequencing of this region showed that it was fully methylated in Tm1 and Tm5 cells and unmethylated in melan-a cells. Treatment of Tm1 cells with 5-aza-2\'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, led to a marked decrease in the methylation levels of the 5\' upstream region of the galectin-3 gene, which led to transcription of the galectin-3 gene. Treatment of Tm1 cells with the histone-deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and 4- acid-phenilbutyrate in combination with 5-Aza-CdR did not increase the levels of galectin-3 gene expression and intriguingly, reverted the effect of 5-Aza-CdR alone. In addition, the expression of DNMT1 showed a modest, but significant increase in Tm1 and Tm5 cells as compared with melan-a cells. Altogether these results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms such as methylation play a role in the regulation of the galectin-3 gene expression along murine melanoma progression.
18

Caracterização imuno-histoquímica da Galectina-3 como ferramenta prognóstica em melanomas orais caninos / Immunohistochemical characterization of Galectin-3 as prognostic tool in canine oral melanomas

Vargas, Thiago Henrique Moroni 02 February 2018 (has links)
Os melanomas correspondem a 7% de todas as neoplasias malignas em cães e são principalmente encontrados em cavidade oral e lábios, correspondendo a 33% dos tumores de boca, possuem um prognóstico ruim devido ao fato de serem diagnosticados tardiamente, por sua grande capacidade de invasão local e formação de metástases, além de altas taxas de recidiva após o tratamento cirúrgico. A Galectina-3 (Gal-3) é uma proteína responsável por diversas funções fisiológicas como adesão, apoptose, angiogênese, proliferação e diferenciação. Em medicina veterinária existem poucos estudos relacionando à expressão da Gal-3 com prognóstico e a progressão da neoplasia. Realizamos imuno-histoquímica para Gal-3 em 27 melanomas orais caninos que foram avaliados de maneira semiquantitativa e quantitativa, e comparamos os resultados obtidos com a sobrevida, outros marcadores prognósticos (Ki67, índice mitótico e atipia nuclear), expressão de proteínas relacionadas à apoptose (BCL2 e CASP3) e parâmetros histopatológicos (grau de pigmentação e tipo histológico). Detectamos alta expressão de Gal-3 em melanomas com maior sobrevida pós-cirúrgica e uma alta expressão nuclear de Gal-3 em melanomas com menor sobrevida pós-cirúrgica. Além disso, houve correlação entre as expressões de Gal-3 e BCL2, assim como entre atipia nuclear e sobrevida pós-cirúrgica. É sabido que a Gal-3 é capaz de formar heterodímeros com a BCL2 no citoplasma para atuar na evasão da morte por apoptose, impedindo a liberação da citocromo C. Já no núcleo, a Gal-3 induz à parada do ciclo celular, reduzindo a taxa da proliferação. Apesar do reduzido número amostral devido à dificuldade nos acompanhamentos clínicos nossos dados permitem sugerir que a Gal-3 é possui potencial para ser um marcador prognóstico de sobrevida em casos de melanomas orais caninos. Novos estudos devem ser realizados afim de confirmar nossas observações e elucidar o papel da Gal-3 nesta neoplasia. / Melanomas are almost 7% of all malignant neoplasms in dogs. They are mainly found in the oral cavity and lips, corresponding to 33% of tumors of the oral cavity. They carry a poor prognosis because of late diagnoses, local invasiveness, high metastatic and recurrence rates after surgical treatment. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a protein with a variety of biological roles such as in adhesion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, proliferation and differentiation. In veterinary medicine, there are few studies comparing the expression of Gal-3 with prognosis and tumor progression. We performed immunohistochemistry for Gal-3 in 27 canine oral melanomas and evaluated the immunolabelling both semi-quantitatively and quantitatively. The results were compared with survival, other prognostic markers (Ki67, mitotic index and nuclear atypia), expression of proteins related to apoptosis (BCL2 and CASP3) and histopathological parameters (degree of pigmentation and histological type). We detected higher expression of Gal-3 in cases of melanoma that presented longer post-surgical survival and a higher nuclear expression of Gal-3 in dogs with melanoma that had shorter post-surgical survival. In addition, there was correlation between the Gal-3 and BCL2 expressions, as well as between nuclear atypia and post-surgical survival. It is known that Gal-3 is able to form heterodimers with BCL2 in the cytoplasm leading to evasion of apoptosis, through preventing mitochondrial cytochrome C release. Nuclear Gal-3 induces the cell cycle arrest, reducing the proliferation rate. Despite the small sample size due to the difficulty in clinical follow-up, our data suggest that Gal-3 has the potential to be a prognostic marker for survival in cases of canine oral melanomas. Further studies should be performed to confirm our observations and elucidate the role of Gal-3 in this neoplasm.
19

O papel de galectina-3 no desenvolvimento de carcinoma espinocelular de pele / Role of galectin-3 in the development of skin squamous cell carcinoma

Siqueira, Kamilla Paes de 12 November 2018 (has links)
A galectina-3 (GAL-3) é uma proteína multifuncional que pertence à família das lectinas e liga a carboidratos. A expressão de galectina-3 foi detectada em muitos tipos de tumores, como melanomas, astrocitomas e tumores da bexiga e de ovário. A galectina-3 é expressa por macrófagos e desempenha papel importante na polarização de macrófagos para o fenótipo M2. Sabe-se que macrófagos de fenótipo M2 estão associados com a progressão tumoral. Apesar dos avanços sobre o papel de galectina-3 na progressão tumoral, pouco se sabe sobre o papel desta lectina na ativação de macrófagos durante o desenvolvimento de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC). Desta forma, utilizando o modelo experimental de carcinoma espinocelular induzido quimicamente, testamos a hipótese de que a sinalização mediada por galectina-3 poderia modular a resposta imune e o desenvolvimento tumoral. Os resultados do presente estudo demostraram que a ausência da galectina-3 está associada a menor progressão do carcinoma espinocelular. Além disso, observou-se o aumento nas percentagens de células TCD4+, TCD8+, associada a uma diminuição de células B, células dendríticas e macrófagos em amostras de tecido tumoral de animais Gal3KO. Em relação ao fenótipo dos macrófagos, os resultados evidenciaram uma menor porcentagem de macrófagos M2 em amostras de animais deficientes de galectina 3, bem como de citocinas do perfil Th2. Desta forma, os resultados do presente estudo fornecem evidências de que galectina-3 desempenha um papel importante na progressão do carcinoma espinocelular de pele e pode ser um alvo para futuras modalidades terapêuticas. / Galectin-3 (GAL-3) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the lectin family that binds to carbohydrates. Galectin-3 expression has been detected in many types of tumors, such as melanomas, astrocytomas, and bladder and ovary tumors. Galectin-3 is expressed by macrophages and plays an important role in the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. In addition, M2 macrophages are associated with tumor progression. Despite advances in the role of galectin-3 in tumor progression, little is known about the role of this lectin in the activation of macrophages during the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thus, using the experimental model of squamous cell carcinoma, we tested the hypothesis that galectin-3-mediated signaling could modulate the immune response and tumor development. The results of the present study demonstrated that the absence of galectin-3 is associated with less progression of squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, increased percentages of CD4+ TCD8+ cells, TCD8+, associated with a decrease in B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages were observed in tumor samples from Gal3KO animals. Regarding the macrophages phenotype, the results showed a lower percentage of M2 macrophages in samples of Gal3KO mice, as well as Th2 profile cytokines. Thus, the results of the present study provide evidence that galectin-3 plays an important role in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma and may be a target for future therapeutic modalities.
20

Évaluation de l’activité biologique de la galectine 3 et d’une de ses formes tronquées dans la physiopathologie de l’arthrose / Evaluation of the biological activity of galectin-3 and one of its truncated form in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis

Yéléhé-Okouma, Mélissa 11 December 2015 (has links)
L’arthrose (OA) est un rhumatisme chronique dont la prise en charge médicamenteuse repose principalement sur les antalgiques et anti-inflammatoires, ce qui justifie la nécessité de rechercher d’autres cibles thérapeutiques. L’une de ces cibles potentielles est la galectine 3, une lectine sécrétée dans l’articulation au cours de la pathogenèse de cette maladie. Cette lectine interagit avec ses ligands à la surface des cellules articulaires pour engendrer des réactions inflammatoires et des phénomènes de catabolisme matriciel au niveau des tissus ostéo-articulaires, ce qui en fait une cible intéressante dans le traitement de l’OA. Le 1e objectif de ce projet de recherche est de mieux caractériser les effets biologiques de la galectine 3 sur le métabolisme chondrocytaire. Le 2e objectif est de concevoir des formes tronquées de galectine 3 et le 3e objectif est de démontrer leur potentiel d’inhibiteur de la forme entière de galectine 3 dans l’articulation. Ces travaux montrent que la galectine 3 est un facteur pro-inflammatoire, pro-catabolique mais aussi anti-anabolique dans le chondrocyte. Plusieurs formes tronquées recombinantes de galectine 3 ont été produites. Des tests préliminaires d’activité biologique in vitro démontrent que dans certaines conditions, l’une d’elles inhibe partiellement les effets biologiques de la galectine 3 sur des chondrocytes humains. Ces travaux de recherche constituent la preuve de concept d’un projet global s’inscrivant dans une perspective de thérapie génique pour l’OA / Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic rheumatism which drug management is based on antalgic and anti-inflammatory drugs, which requires the need to search for other therapeutic targets. One of these potential targets may be galectin 3, a lectin secreted in the joint during the pathogenesis of the disease. This lectin binds its ligands on the surface of the joint cells and thus, leads to inflammatory reactions and matrix catabolism phenomena, making it an attractive target in the treatment of OA. The 1st aim of our research project was to characterize the biological activity of galectin 3 on chondrocyte metabolism. The 2nd aim was to design and produce several truncated forms of galectin 3. The 3rd aim was to evaluate the presumed galectin 3-inhibiting activity of the truncated forms. This objective is part from the perspective of gene therapy for OA. Our work shows that galectin 3 is a proinflammatory, procatabolic but also an antianabolic factor in chondrocytes. Several recombinant truncated forms of galectin 3 were designed and produced. Preliminary tests of biological activity in vitro show that the chosen truncated lectin partially inhibits the biological activity of galectin-3 on human chondrocytes under a few conditions. This work is the proof of concept of a broader project of which perspective is gene therapy in OA

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