• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 12
  • 7
  • 7
  • 4
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 46
  • 14
  • 8
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

The 'De podagra' ('On Gout') : a pre-Gariopontean treatise excerpted from the Latin translation of the Greek 'Therapeutica' by Alexander of Tralles

Knight, Valerie January 2015 (has links)
This thesis presents the first steps towards a critical edition of the ‘De podagra’ (‘On Gout’), a pre-Gariopontean treatise excerpted from the Latin translation of the Greek ‘Therapeutica’ by Alexander of Tralles. From information collated, from manuscripts and printed texts, from four textual traditions, the Greek ‘Therapeutica’, the Latin Alexander, the ‘De podagra’, and Gariopontus’ ‘Passionarius’, a provisional Latin text of the ‘De podagra’ has been produced which looks forward to the last of these traditions, Gariopontus’ ‘Passionarius’. A full English translation of the ‘De podagra’ is given. The footnotes to the provisional Latin text of the ‘De podagra’ serve to illustrate the textual tradition and highlight points of relevance for the content of the text itself. These footnotes also contain information of significance to the reconstruction of each of the other three traditions. An appendix of ‘materia medica’ and an ‘index uerborum’ are included.
32

Raconter la maladie. Écrits médicaux galénistes et paracelsiens en Europe au XVIe et au XVIIe siècle / Telling sickness. Galenist and paracelsian medical texts in 16th and 17th century Europe / Raccontare la malattia. Scritti medici galenisti e paracelsisti in Europa al XVI e al XVII secolo

Maselli, Milena 12 December 2016 (has links)
Au milieu du XVIe siècle, un nouveau genre d’écriture médicale circule parmi les imprimeries européennes : ce sont les curationes et les observationes, des récits de cas cliniques où désormais l’autorité de référence est l’expérience du praticien. Celui-ci affirme avoir élaboré son écrit à partir de ses visites aux malades, d’enregistrements et de données appartenant à la réalité des faits et des effets (et non, par exemple, des théories et des opinions) ; aussi se intervient-il dans le texte à la fois comme principe d’organisation narrative et instance intra-diégétique, c’est-à-dire comme sujet et objet de la narration. À la même époque, en Europe, commence à se diffuser la chimiatrie, c’est-à-dire un complexe de conceptions physiologiques et thérapeutiques qui se fondent sur une idée chimique de la nature, de la maladie et du remède. Le promoteur de ces doctrines, le Suisse Théophraste Paracelse, prône une reforme des fondements de la théorie et de la pratique médicale en s’attirant des sympathisants et des détracteurs. Des médecins chimistes se sont servis du format de curationes et d’observationes pour promouvoir les nouvelles pratiques par voie de démonstration manifeste, en se servant des preuves leur expérience au chevet des patients. La présente étude entend définir ce genre médical selon une approche multi-disciplinaire, en interrogeant ces textes du point de vue de l’histoire des idées, de l’épistémologie, à travers leurs échanges avec d’autres genres limitrophes (comme les practicæ, les consilia, ou les recueils de mirabilia), selon les milieux et les courants (le galénisme et la chimiatrie) mais aussi en se focalisant sur les enjeux narratologiques impliqués dans un récit d’expérience et dans la narration de faits. / Au milieu du XVIe siècle, un nouveau genre d’écriture médicale circule parmi les imprimeries européennes : ce sont les curationes et les observationes, des récits de cas cliniques où désormais l’autorité de référence est l’expérience du praticien. Celui-ci affirme avoir élaboré son écrit à partir de ses visites aux malades, d’enregistrements et de données appartenant à la réalité des faits et des effets (et non, par exemple, des théories et des opinions) ; aussi se intervient-il dans le texte à la fois comme principe d’organisation narrative et instance intra-diégétique, c’est-à-dire comme sujet et objet de la narration. À la même époque, en Europe, commence à se diffuser la chimiatrie, c’est-à-dire un complexe de conceptions physiologiques et thérapeutiques qui se fondent sur une idée chimique de la nature, de la maladie et du remède. Le promoteur de ces doctrines, le Suisse Théophraste Paracelse, prône une reforme des fondements de la théorie et de la pratique médicale en s’attirant des sympathisants et des détracteurs. Des médecins chimistes se sont servis du format de curationes et d’observationes pour promouvoir les nouvelles pratiques par voie de démonstration manifeste, en se servant des preuves leur expérience au chevet des patients. La présente étude entend définir ce genre médical selon une approche multi-disciplinaire, en interrogeant ces textes du point de vue de l’histoire des idées, de l’épistémologie, à travers leurs échanges avec d’autres genres limitrophes (comme les practicæ, les consilia, ou les recueils de mirabilia), selon les milieux et les courants (le galénisme et la chimiatrie) mais aussi en se focalisant sur les enjeux narratologiques impliqués dans un récit d’expérience et dans la narration de faits. / Nell’Europa della modernità, una nuova tipologia di scritti medici circola nella stampa : sono le curationes e le observationes, narrazioni di così clinici dove la sola autorità di riferimento è l’esperienza del medico. Quest’ultimo afferma di aver scritto a partire da registrazioni al capezzale dei malati: il contenuto dei suoi scritti appartiene al mondo dei fatti e degli effetti (e non, per esempio, delle teorie e delle opinioni). Nel testo il medico interviene allo stesso tempo come principio di organizzazione narrativa (narratore) e come istanza intradiegetica, ciò come oggetto della narrazione.Più o meno negli stessi anni, in Europa comincia a diffondersi la chimiatria, vale a dire, un sistema concettuale fisiologico e te repentino legato a un’idea chimica della natura della malattia e del rimedio. Il promotore di questa dottrina, lo svizzero Teofrasto Paracelso, incoraggia con vigore una riforma delle basi teoriche e pratiche della medicina, attraendo simpatizzanti e detrattori. Dei chimiatri si sono serviti delle curationes e delle observationes per promuovere queste nuove pratiche attraverso la dimostrazione manifesta, utilizzando la loro esperienza al capezzale del malato.Questo studio intende definire tale genere medico attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare, interrogando i testi dalla prospettiva della storia delle idee e dell’epistemologia, attraverso anche le loro relazioni con generi limitrofi come le summæ medievali a uso pedagogico (le practicae), gli scambi epistolari tra medici (i consilia) o le raccolte di storie straordinarie (i mirabilia), secondo i contesti e le correnti (galenismo e chimiatria), ma anche focalizzando l’attenzione sulle poste in gioco narratologiche implicate in una storia di esperienza
33

La médecine du sport chez Galien : corps athlétiques, corps sains, corps malsains / Sport medicine in Galen : athletic, healthy, unhealthy bodies

Felsenheld, Édouard 12 November 2011 (has links)
Galien de Pergame, médecin et philosophe grec du IIe siècle de notre ère, approfondit la critique des athlètes inaugurée à l’époque classique, notamment par Hippocrate, mais la sévérité de son jugement à l’égard des compétiteurs professionnels est compensée par une reconsidération pratique et théorique de la réalité sportive.Le corpus galénique permet en effet de dresser un tableau diagnostique complet des dérèglements sanitaires auxquels s’exposent les sportifs amateurs et, plus encore, les athlètes, dont l’activité et le statut se trouvent ébranlés jusque dans leurs fondements : mauvaise santé, procès généralisé et subversion générique viennent ainsi ternir l’image du sport antique.Toutefois, Galien procède en même temps à une réhabilitation du sport, dont il fait un instrument performant pour garantir le succès de son action et de sa pensée. La réconciliation de l’exercice physique et de la santé représente la première étape d’une revalorisation qui se manifeste également sur le plan théorique, non seulement à l’intérieur de l’argumentation médicale, mais aussi dans les rapprochements que Galien établit entre le sport et sa propre activité de médecin philosophe. / The physician and philosopher Galen of Pergamon (2nd century AC) criticizes athletes, even more strongly than Hippocrates and other intellectuals of the classical period did. But this denunciation is counterbalanced by another point of vue: sport is reappraised in a practical and theoretical way.On the one hand, Galen makes a diagnosis of all disorders that might affect amateur and, most of all, professional athletes. As a consequence, sportsmen involved in competitions are deeply depreciated. Physical activity is considered as producing bad health and, for many other reasons, it is the target of a general condemnation. In particular, the human nature of athletes comes into question.On the other hand, Galen rehabilitates sport as a usefull activity that is beneficial for health and indirectly for the intellect: physical exercise plays a role in the development of the medical argumentation and parallels can be drawn between sport and Galen’s activity both as a physician and as a philosopher.
34

The question of Syriac influence upon early Arabic translations of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates

Barry, Samuel Chew January 2016 (has links)
This thesis takes up the question of the part played by Syriac sources in the composition of early Arabic translations of the Hippocratic Aphorisms. In it, I compare the four major extant Syriac and Arabic translations of the Aphorisms with continual reference to the content of Syriac lexicons composed by the translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and his students and successors. Through detailed treatments of both the definitions and translations of scores of individual Greek terms found in these sources, as well as through analysis of the translations of the Aphorisms, I weigh the relative importance of Greek and Syriac scholarship for Ḥunayn's translation praxis. In doing so, I specify the value of the Syriac lexicons for the study of Greek-to-Arabic translation while clarifying several outstanding issues in the broader history of Syriac and Arabic medicine.
35

Les Troubles psychiques chez Galien : étude d’une approche philosophique et médicale de l’âme / Mental Disorders in Galen : a Study of Philosophical and Medical. Investigations into the Problem of the Soul

Devinant, Julien 09 July 2016 (has links)
L’étude porte sur les conceptions philosophiques, physiologiques et cliniques mises en jeu par la question des troubles psychiques chez Galien de Pergame ; elle se fonde sur le commentaire de textes collectés dans l’ensemble du corpus disponible. Les perturbations de l’âme sont dans l’Antiquité le lieu d’un conflit d’autorité entre médecine et philosophie. La participation de Galien à chacun des deux champs de savoir et le manque apparent d’homogénéité de sa conception de l’âme invitent dès lors à questionner la cohérence de ses propos. Le premier chapitre présente son approche théorique du problème et défend l’idée que les perspectives matérialistes et téléologiques sont chez lui compatibles à la fois entre elles et avec son agnosticisme quant à la nature de l’âme. Le deuxième chapitre montre que ce dernier n’est pas un aveu de faiblesse qui serait contredit dans la pratique et récuse l’idée que le médecin ait vocation à se substituer au philosophe. Les deux derniers chapitres en cherchent les raisons et pointent les facteurs de résistance à la constitution d’une psychopathologie englobante ; il est d’abord montré que le médecin approche les affections cognitives et émotionnelles selon des catégories distinctes et limite son intervention aux premières ; une reconstitution détaillée des théories étiologiques à l’œuvre dans la pratique diagnostique et thérapeutique vise ensuite à expliquer pourquoi leur prise en charge est malgré tout conçue comme difficile. L’étude entend par là contribuer à une lecture décloisonnée de l’œuvre galénique et montrer que la tension entre esprit de système et prudence théorique se résout dans la visée pratique du propos. / The study examines Galen of Pergamon’s philosophical, physiological and clinical ideas at play in his approach to psychic disorders; it is based on a commentary of texts collected from the entire available corpus. Disturbances of the soul are giving rise to a conflict of authority between medicine and philosophy in Antiquity. Galen’s engagement in both fields of knowledge as well as apparent tensions within his views on the soul expose the consistency of his works. The first chapter presents his theoretical approach to the problem and argues that the materialistic and teleological perspectives are indeed compatible both with each other and with his agnosticism about the nature of the soul. The second chapter shows that it is not an admission of weakness which would be at odds with his practice; it thus dismisses the idea that the doctor would aim to replace the philosopher. The last two chapters look into the reasons for it and underline a number of factors inhibiting the creation of an overbearing psychopathology; it is first shown that the physician assigns cognitive and emotional disorders to different categories and will mostly take direct action on the first one; a detailed reconstruction of the etiological theories engaged in his diagnostic and therapeutic practice then shows why it is nonetheless deemed difficult to take care of such disorders. The study thus aims at contributing to an unified reading of the Galenic corpus by showing that the tension between systematic thought and theoretical cautiousness finds solution in his practical goal.
36

Reconciling matter and spirit the Galenic brain in early modern literature /

Daigle, Erica Nicole. Snider, Alvin Martin, January 2009 (has links)
Thesis supervisor: Alvin Snider. Includes bibliographic references (p. 214-227).
37

Nemožnost (morální) odpovědnosti u Galena Strawsona / Galen Strawson's impossibility of (moral) responsibility

EDL, Tomáš January 2017 (has links)
In this thesis I attempt to introduce Galen Strawson's position, which he adopts in the free will debate followed by the debate about his Basic Argument. While giving a de-tailed account of responsibility as a reflective rational responsiveness, I show that re-sponsibility is in no respect causa sui and therefore it is not impossible for human beings to reach it, explained with the reasons given by Strawson. I refuse steps B, C, 8, 9 and 10 of the Basic Argument. I claim that undetermined self-determination consists in the ability to make a decision in the light of actually revised principles of choice. Such revision is granted by actual ability to reflect the validity and adequacy of principles of choice in relation to motivating values in question by using methodical doubt as a universal tool do to so. Such reflection, with respect to what matters for decision making in question, is potentially ultimate. I claim that Strawson underestimates the uniqueness of reflective rationality especially, when missing the crucial difference between Fido the dog and Nemo the man in the situation of choice. Moreover, I suspect Strawson of excluding the subject of action or choice and its actual principles of choice from the realm of intelligible things. This leads to disruption of request to conception of the world as internally consistent and in principle attainable by human beings. Finally, I show why I find sophisticated fatalism problematic in both of its versions, deterministic as well as indeterministic.
38

Identification des bases génétiques des malformations anévrysmales de la veine de Galien / Towards the Identification of Genetic Basis of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation

Vivanti, Alexandre 19 December 2018 (has links)
La malformation anévrysmale de la veine de Galien (MAVG) est une malformation vasculaire cérébrale congénitale qui représente près d’un tiers des anomalies vasculaires pédiatriques. Au sein d’une cohorte de 51 patients atteints d’une MAVG, nous avons identifié 5 individus porteurs de mutations hétérozygotes pathogéniques d’EPHB4. Ces mutations incluent une mutation tronquante survenue de novo ainsi que des mutations d’épissage et faux-sens hétérozygotes délétères héritées d’un parent. L’invalidation d’EPHB4 chez les embryons de Danio rerio est à l’origine d’anomalies vasculaires cérébrales spécifiques impliquant la veine dorsale longitudinale, la veine orthologue médiane du prosencéphale (précurseur embryonnaire de la veine de Galien). La co-injection de l’ARNm tronqué a permis la restauration d’un phénotype sauvage démontrant que le phénotype vasculaire observé est la conséquence d’une perte de fonction d’EPHB4. L’ensemble de ces données indique qu’EPHB4 est un gène déterminant chez un sous-groupe de patients atteints d’une MAVG, comme chez Danio rerio. Les mutations perte de fonction d’EPHB4 sont à l’origine d’anomalies spécifiques du développement vasculaire cérébral. L’identification de mutations pathogéniques d’EPHB4 chez des patients présentant des malformations capillaires implique une surveillance attentive de la grossesse. Cette surveillance échographique renforcée pourrait permettre la détection précoce d’une MAVG et une prise en charge anténatale et néonatale optimale. / Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is one of the most common fetal brain vascular malformations. We conducted whole exome sequencing in 19 unrelated VGAM patients and subsequently screened candidate gene in a cohort of 32 additional patients. We found 5 affected individuals with heterozygous mutations in EPHB4 including de novo frameshift or inherited deleterious splice or missense mutations predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tools. Knockdown of EPHB4 in zebrafish embryos leads to specific anomalies of dorsal cranial vessels including dorsal longitudinal vein, the ortholog of the median prosencephalic vein, the embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen. This model allowed todemonstrate EPHB4 loss of function mutations in VGAM by the ability to rescue the brain vascular defect in knockdown zebrafish co-injected with wild type but not truncated EPHB4 mimicking the frameshift mutation. Our data showed that in both species, loss of function mutations of EPHB4 result in specific and similar brain vascular development anomaliesThe identification of EPHB4 pathogenic mutation in patients presenting capillary malformation or VGAM should lead to careful follow up of pregnancy of carriers for early detection of VGAM in order to propose optimal neonatal care. Endovascular embolization indeed greatly improved the prognosis of VGAM patients.
39

Descartova mechanistická fyziologie a Harveyho objev krevního oběhu / Descartes' Mechanistic Physiology and Harvey's Discovery of the Circulation of Blood

Čejka, Vojtěch January 2019 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to show in what way the mechanistic philosophy of René Descartes allowed him to accept William Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood, while at the same time prevented him from accepting his explanation of the movement of the heart. In the introductory section we mention some of the basic notions concerning the state of natural philosophy in the second half of the 16th century which are closely related to the themes of the thesis. Both authors we are concerned with are also presented. The second, historicaly oriented section focuses on Aristotle's, Galen's and Harvey's opinions on the role and motion of the heart and blood in the human body. The aim is to describe how Harvey's 1628 treatise De motu cordis allowed to resolve the proliferating problems faced by the Galenist tradition in the 16th and the early 17th century. The third section presents the exposition of the introductory chapters of Descartes' 1633 treatise Le Monde in which he introduces the basic notions of his new mechanistic philosophy. Among these are the three types of particles, the plenist conception of the world, the omnipresence of circular motions and the relationship between God, natural laws and motion in the world. The fourth section is dedicated to Descartes' a Harvey's point of...
40

Keeping the faith : Devotional images and text in the service of Catholic confessionalization and piety in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Münster

2014 April 1900 (has links)
This thesis explores the relationship between image and text in four devotional books printed in Münster Germany between 1589 and 1660, and shows how this relationship supported the Catholic confessionalization programs of the three prince-bishops of those years. These confessionalization strategies, though varied, all emphasized the reinforcement of religious conformity leading to the consolidation of the authority of the ecclesiastical and secular leadership of the prince-bishop. The success of the confessionalization strategies of the three prince-bishops through this medium were the result of three contributing factors. The first of these was the printer of the works, the Raesfeldt printing house, which held a printing monopoly from all three of the prince-bishops. The second factor was the Jesuits who were responsible for education and indoctrination in Münster and shaped a significant portion of this literature. The last contributing factor was the readers, a group with a relatively wide spectrum of abilities in literacy who bought, read, and exchanged the books. Among the readers were a significant number of women readers who took up the confessional message of these books, wound it into their devotional lives, and strove to perpetuate Catholic piety within their homes. Although conventional wisdom suggests that images played a minor role in such programs, images were crucial elements in the communication of Catholic orthodoxy. This thesis shows how images were an equal partner in the conveyance of a nuanced Catholic confessional message in which the text directed a specific Catholic viewing and reading experience. The majority of the images do not carry an intrinsic Catholic message but rather present a traditional visual vocabulary that established an unbroken lineage between the Catholic Church and the pre-Reformation Church. These images provided the standard recurring theme around which the confessionalization message of the text was fashioned. As a distinctly regional literature, these devotional works reveal a localized Catholic response to Protestant polemic. They give valuable insight into the influence of confessionalization programs on regional devotional practices. The lasting effects of these confessionalization programs are still visible in Münster’s Catholic character today.

Page generated in 0.0399 seconds