Orientador: Rosely Palermo Brenelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:40:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MariaJosedeCastro_D.pdf: 2276757 bytes, checksum: 2df347526260b3ba3e3224269febefe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo : A presente pesquisa, fundamentada no construtivismo de Jean Piaget, investigou se a promoção de sessões de intervenção com a utilização do jogo de regras ¿Quarto¿ poderia ser favorável às atividades de resolução de problemas de conteúdo matemático. Para isso, contou com a participação de vinte e um alunos do Ensino Médio, sete de cada uma das três séries, pertencentes a duas escolas da rede particular da cidade de Campinas-SP. Foram realizados, com cada participante, encontros individuais destinados à resolução de uma Prova de Conhecimentos Matemáticos, à promoção de Sessões de Intervenção com o Jogo ¿Quarto¿, à Reaplicação da Prova de Conhecimentos Matemáticos e à aplicação da Prova das Permutações. A Prova de Conhecimentos Matemáticos foi composta por cinco problemas retirados do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. O jogo ¿Quarto¿, desconhecido de todos os participantes, foi apresentado a eles por meio de seu tabuleiro e peças. O meio computacional foi o escolhido, para que, utilizadas as mesmas regras já aprendidas, a pesquisadora, como observadora neutra, pudesse solicitar, durante as sessões de intervenção, a análise das situações de jogo e como estas poderiam ser transpostas para a resolução de problemas matemáticos. A Prova das Permutações, segundo os critérios definidos por Longeot (1974), permitiu que fosse avaliado o nível de raciocínio de cada participante. Esse nível de raciocínio mostrou-se coerente com as condutas apresentadas por eles nas demais provas. Assim, o participante que demonstrou possuir na, Prova das Permutações, um nível de pensamento operatório formal, ainda que em construção, conseguiu melhores resultados na realização das demais provas. Esses resultados foram confirmados estatisticamente por meio do teste de Spearman (rs), que mostrou haver uma forte correlação entre os postos obtidos pelos participantes na Prova das Permutações e os resultados encontrados em cada uma das demais provas. Foram obtidos os valores rs = 0.7826, na comparação com a Prova de Conhecimentos Matemáticos, rs = 0,7505 na comparação com as Sessões de Intervenção com o Jogo ¿Quarto¿ e rs = 0,7505 na comparação com a Reaplicação da Prova de Conhecimentos Matemáticos, sendo, em todos os casos, p<0,0001. Além disso, observou-se que as médias obtidas pelos participantes na reaplicação da Prova de Conhecimentos Matemáticos foram significativamente maiores que aquelas obtidas na primeira aplicação, resultado confirmado pelo teste T de Student, (t=-3,9366), com a probabilidade bilateral de 0,0008. Esses resultados e a análise qualitativa realizada possibilitaram mostrar que a promoção das sessões de intervenção com o jogo ¿Quarto¿ foi eficaz no estabelecimento das relações propostas, uma vez que permitiu aos participantes a utilização de uma mesma forma de raciocínio a diferentes conteúdos, o que favoreceu a resolução dos problemas apresentados / Abstract : This research, designed according to Jean Piaget constructivism, searched if the use of intervention sessions using the rule game ¿Quarto¿ could be useful to the solving problems activities of mathematics content. Therefore, twenty one high school students took part, seven from each grade from two private schools in Campinas. Each participant underwent individual meetings, to face a Mathematics Knowledge Test, intervention sessions of the game ¿Quarto¿, The Mathematics Knowledge Test again, and the Permutation Test. The Mathematics Knowledge Test was designed with five problems from ENEM (High School Standard National Test). The game of ¿Quarto¿, unknown to all participants, was presented to them through its game board and parts. The computer media was chosen, for using the same rules learned, the researcher as a neutral observer, would request, during the intervention sessions, the analysis of the game situation and how these would be used in the Mathematics solving problems. The Permutation Test, according to established criteria by Longeot (1974), allowed the evaluation of the reasoning level of each participant. This reasoning level showed to be coherent to the results presented by them in the other tests. As a result, the participant who showed to have, in the Permutation Test, a level of formal reasoning thinking still in process, was able to score better in the following Tests, having the opposite occurred, that is, the participant that wasn¿t able to have a good score in the Permutation Test, didn¿t have a good score in the other tests either. These data were statistically confirmed through the Spearman Test (rs) that showed to have a strong correlation among the scores found by the students in the Permutation Test and the results in each of the other tests. The scores were rs = 0.7826, in comparing with the Mathematics Knowledge Test, being in every situation, p < 0, 0001. Besides, the average scored by the participants, when being submitted to the Mathematics Knowledge Test again, were significantly higher than in the first trial, confirmed through the test T of Student, (t = - 3,9366), being the bilateral probability 0,0008. These results and the qualitative analysis enable to show that the game of ¿Quarto¿ sessions were efficient to establish the assumptions, once it allowed the participants to use the same reasoning to different contents, which improved the solving of the presented problems / Doutorado / Psicologia Educacional / Doutor em Educação

Reglering av insiderhandel är ett omdebatterat ämne som ofta leder till svarta rubriker i media. Att försöka motverka insiderhandel grundar sig i den asymmetriska information som är vanligt förekommande på värdepappersmarknaden och som tycks vara anledningen till att marknaden kan upplevas som orättvis och omoralisk. Reglering av insiderhandel har således ansetts vara nödvändigt men själva lagen har ifrågasatts när det kommer till dess verkliga funktion och effektivitet. Tidigare forskning visar nämligen på att lagen kanske bäst kan förstås som en spelregel där spelet är amoraliskt. Hur lagen kan liknas vid en spelregel i praktiken verkar däremot saknas i tidigare forskning. En studie som jämför insiderlagen med ekonomiska brott, såsom bedrägeribrott, har således ansetts vara nödvändig för att avgöra på vilka sätt insiderlagen kan liknas vid en amoralisk spelregel. Denna kvalitativa dokumentstudie ämnar således att utifrån ett socialkonstruktionistiskt synsätt analysera och beskriva insiderlagen och på vilka sätt den kan förstås som en spelregel i praktiken. Vikten av att upprätthålla förtroendet för värdepappersmarknaden har vidare framhållits av tillsynsmyndigheterna Ekobrottsmyndigheten och Finansinspektionen, därför ansågs det även vara intressant att studera dokument från deras respektive hemsidor. Dokumenten analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys där resultaten kopplades till värdepappersreglering och insiderlag, förtroende i dess abstrakta form samt insdiderlag och/eller spelregler. Resultaten i denna studie pekar på att insiderlagen i praktiken bäst förstås som en spelregel eftersom insiderhandel är ett offerlöst brott där det tillsynes finns svårigheter att bevisa att ett brott faktiskt har begåtts. / Nyckelord: Värdepappersreglering, asymmetrisk information, abstrakta system, abstrakt förtroende, spelregel, spelAbstractInsider trading regulation is a highly-debated topic which often leads to black headlines in the media. Attempts to counteract insider trading is based on the asymmetric information that is common in the securities market and which seems to be the reason why the market can be perceived as unfair and immoral. Insider trading regulation has thus been considered necessary, but the law itself has been questioned when it comes to its real function and efficiency. Earlier research namely shows that the law may be better understood as a game rule where the game is amoral. How the law practically can be better understood as a game rule seems however yet to be lacking in previous research. A study comparing insider law with economic crimes, such as fraud offenses, has thus been considered necessary to determine in which ways the insider law can be compared to an amoral rule of law. This qualitative document-study thus aims to analyze and describe the insider law in a social constructive approach and in what ways it practically can be better understood as a game rule. The importance of maintaining trust in the securities market has also been emphasized by the supervisory authorities Ekobrottsmyndigheten and Finansinspektionen, therefore it was also considered interesting to study documents from their respective websites. The documents were analyzed based on a content analysis where the results were linked to securities regulation and insider law, trust in its abstract form and insiderlaw and/or game rules. The results of this study indicate that the insider law practically should be better understood as a game rule as insider trading is a victimless crime where there are difficulties in proving that a crime actually has been committed.

<p>Financial speculation has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. This means that a practice that used to be viewed as immoral <i>gambling</i> has become legitimate financial <i>trade</i>. This book explores the<i> genealogy</i> of the coexisting<i> insider trading laws</i>. The insider regulation prohibits trade based on privileged information in order to create equal trading conditions, and in this way uphold confidence in the financial markets among the general public. However, this study shows that the existing view of the insider regulation is <i>misleading</i> and that the regulation is best understood as a <i>game rule</i> aiming to <i>stimulate</i> financial speculation. The protection interest is therefore not primarily the general public, but the financial system as such: the professional market actors sustaining the speculative activities and a growing financial sector. </p><p>The consequence of stimulating financial speculation is that today’s authorities are attempting to make the financial markets into a lotto-like game, rather than a market for long-term investment. To make the financial markets into liquid and volatile public “games” means that the <i>risks</i> involved in the financial speculation are created by the human hand and the economic system<i> itself</i> rather than being naturally given. This places <i>desire</i> rather than rational <i>needs</i> as the fundamental ground of the economy. The concluding question is; why are we making our economy into a game? </p>

Financial speculation has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. This means that a practice that used to be viewed as immoral gambling has become legitimate financial trade. This book explores the genealogy of the coexisting insider trading laws. The insider regulation prohibits trade based on privileged information in order to create equal trading conditions, and in this way uphold confidence in the financial markets among the general public. However, this study shows that the existing view of the insider regulation is misleading and that the regulation is best understood as a game rule aiming to stimulate financial speculation. The protection interest is therefore not primarily the general public, but the financial system as such: the professional market actors sustaining the speculative activities and a growing financial sector. The consequence of stimulating financial speculation is that today’s authorities are attempting to make the financial markets into a lotto-like game, rather than a market for long-term investment. To make the financial markets into liquid and volatile public “games” means that the risks involved in the financial speculation are created by the human hand and the economic system itself rather than being naturally given. This places desire rather than rational needs as the fundamental ground of the economy. The concluding question is; why are we making our economy into a game?

98 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-30T17:02:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Alan Aquino.pdf: 561846 bytes, checksum: 6d8bea185df56804cba1ec67493e3910 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-11T15:18:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Alan Aquino.pdf: 561846 bytes, checksum: 6d8bea185df56804cba1ec67493e3910 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-11T15:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Alan Aquino.pdf: 561846 bytes, checksum: 6d8bea185df56804cba1ec67493e3910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O presente estudo está vinculado à linha de pesquisa: Filosofia, linguagem e práxis pedagógica e insere-se no âmbito de estudos pautados na Teoria das Representações Sociais, cujos princípios visam discutir e apontar o saber do senso comum, constituído por um conjunto de informações, opiniões, crenças e atitudes partilhadas por um grupo a respeito de um dado objeto social (MOSCOVICI, 1978). Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar e problematizar as representações sociais de professores de Educação Física que atuam na educação básica da rede pública estadual da Bahia sobre o jogo de regras, e a estruturaçãodestas representações, localizando os seus possíveis elementos centrais e periféricos (ABRIC, 1998). Partiu-se do princípio de que tais representações podem trazer informações à própria Educação Física – e a seus professores e professoras – a respeito dos seus papéis assumidos, não-assumidos, praticados, não-praticados em relação ao entendimento do potencial educativo do jogo e sua utilização como conteúdo das aulas. Sabe-se que a representação social é instituída e instituidora da realidade social na qual as práticas estão inseridas, portanto, os papéis poderão ser repensados e ressignificados de acordo com a relevância das informações. A pesquisa de natureza quantitativo-qualitativa foi realizada durante o XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (CONBRACE) /III Congresso Internacional de Ciências do Esporte (CONICE), ocorrido em setembro de 2009, na cidade de Salvador, na Bahia. Por meio de uma dinâmica de associação livre de palavras, 90 professores indicaram cinco palavras relacionadas ao estímulo “jogo de regras”. Em seguida, dentre estas, escolheram as duas que julgavam mais importantes. Os dados foram analisados pelo software EVOC 2003, o qual produz um quadro de quatro casas contendo o núcleo central (NC) e o sistema periférico (SP) das representações sociais. O segundo momento de coleta de dados consistiu na realização de um grupo focal, com a participação de nove professores representantes de suas respectivas Diretorias Regionais de Educação, os quais também haviam participado da primeira coleta. A esses foram apresentados os resultados e, seguindo um roteiro de perguntas, foi possível qualificar os dados obtidos. Os resultados nos indicam que o núcleo central das representações dos professores foi constituído pelas palavras “disciplina”, “organização” e “respeito”, reforçando a forte e histórica influência das instituições militar e esportiva no âmbito da Educação Física escolar. Identificamos ainda, que no sistema periférico, a existência das palavras “companheirismo”, “criatividade”, “equipe”, “estratégia”, “integração” e “socialização” sinalizam avanços significativos nas representações sobre o jogo de regras, sugerindo a possibilidade de modificação das representações dos professores. / Salvador

Avsikten med denna studie har varit att studera problematiken som har uppstått i och med det växande fenomenet finansiella influensers och dess koppling till marknadsmanipulation. Med en explosiv ökning inom aktiehandeln på dagens finansmarknader är det många beslut som inte längre kan definieras med enbart klassisk finansiell teori. Det växande och mer irrationella fenomenet finansiella influensers ses som en potentiell källa till denna utveckling. Med hjälp av ett postmodernt ramverk ämnar studien undersöka och analysera effekten detta fenomen har på investeringsbeslut samt undersöka hur Marknadsmissbrukslagen påverkar dessa influensers. Detta då marknadsmanipulation i tidigare studier visat sig kunna ha en koppling till finansiella influensers ageranden. Studien tillämpar ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt med postmodern inriktning, i syfte att studera en av flera möjliga beskrivningar av verkligheten. För bästa möjliga resultat använder studien en triangulering av data vilket innebär dels en tematisk innehålls-analys utav nio semistrukturerade intervjuer där åtta av respondenterna utgörs av finansengagerade småsparare och där den nionde är yrkesmässig expert på området, dels en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av en dokumentstudie för att inkorporera förståelse kring studiens problematik som den tas upp i andra samhällsdiskurser. Studien visar hur människor uppfattar att finansiella influensers har stor påverkan på dagens finansiella beslut och att detta fenomen har stor potential att orsaka marknadsmanipulation genom uppmaningar till följarna. Resultaten visar på att en postmodern syn på fenomenet kan öka förståelsen för dess existens, detta genom att inte endast irrationell eller rationell teori lyckas självständigt beskriva företeelsen. En viss samexistens av teorierna anses därmed behövas och svaren visar också på en potentiell koppling till rationaliteten bakom att göra till synes irrationella finansbeslut i dagens marknader. Ett tecken på hur finans är hyperrealistiskt, d.v.s. ett fenomen som givits en ny kontext skiljd från dess ursprungliga mening. Hyperrealism medför också att finans kan ses som postmodernt. Den reglering som är ämnad att kontrollera dessa marknadsmanipulationer, dvs. Marknadsmissbrukslagen, visar sig lida av otydlighet och potentiell godtycklighet. Studien visar på hur denna uppfattning från flera marknadsaktörer grundar sig i övertygelser om potentiellt subjektiva domar baserade på kriterier som inte lätt förstås av vare sig småsparare eller av större marknadsaktörer. Regleringens otydlighet markerar dess frånkoppling från lagens logiska grund och förståelsen för Marknadsmissbrukslagen kan öka genom att se på den som en godtycklig spelregel. Denna aspekt målar också upp en bild utav hyperrealism utifrån att regleringen praktiskt kan tänkas agera som en spelregel för finansmarknaden men i dagens samhälle används som lag. Studien visar därmed ett ytterligare bevis för hur finans uppfattas som postmodernt. / The purpose of this study has been to examine the problems that have arisen as a result of the growing phenomenon that is financial influencers and its’ connection to market manipulation. With a rapid increase of stock trading in today’s financial markets, there are many decisions in themselves that can no longer be defined solely by classic financial theory. The growing and more irrational phenomenon of financial influencers is seen as one potential source of this development. Using a postmodern framework, the study intends to investigate and analyze the effects this phenomenon has on investment decisions and also examine how the Swedish Market Abuse Act (Marknadsmissbrukslagen) affect these influencers. This is done because market manipulation has shown to have a potential connection to the actions of financial influencers. The study applies a qualitative approach with a postmodern focus, in order to examine one of several possible descriptions of reality. To attain the best results possible this study implemented triangulation of data, which included a themed content analysis based on nine semi structured interviews where eight respondents were ordinary investors and the nineth respondent were a professional in this particular work field. The study also constitutes a qualitative content analysis of a document study in order to incorporate a deeper understanding for the study’s problematization as it is mentioned in the social discourse. The study shows how people perceive that financial influencers have a great affect on today’s financial decisions and that this phenomenon has substantial potential to cause market manipulation through urgings to followers. The results show that a postmodern view of the phenomenon can increase the understanding of its existence, this is done through showing that neither rational nor irrational finance theories can on their own fully explain the phenomenon. A certain coexistence of these theories is thus considered necessary. The study also shows a potential connection to the rationality behind making seemingly irrational financial decisions in today’s markets. A sign showing how finance is hyper-realistic, i.e., a phenomenon that given a new context separated from its original meaning. Hyperrealism also means that finance can be seen as postmodern. The regulation that intends to control these market manipulations, i.e. The Swedish Market Abuse Act, turns out to suffer from ambiguity and potential arbitrariness. The study shows how this perception by several market participants is planted on beliefs about potentially subjective judgements based on criteria that are not easily understood by ordinary investors nor larger market participants. The ambiguity of the regulation points out its disconnection from the logical foundation of law and the understanding of the Swedish Market Abuse Act therefore might increase by interpreting this law as an arbitrary game rule. This specific aspect also paints a hyperrealistic picture, as the regulation is practically understood as a game rule in financial markets, but in today’s markets it functions as a law. Thus, our study presents further evidence how finance is perceived as postmodern.