The four activities exploring, gathering, building and fighting are common across many genres of video games. Although these activities can come in many different forms such as fighting alone or in groups, against humans, beasts or fictional monsters, gathering sticks and stones to build a shelter or gathering cards to build the perfect deck, most games include at least one of these activities and some genres such as survival games include most of them. A test video game is used to allow participants to experience each activity and report discrete emotions felt during the activity. The purpose of this experiment is to find a link between each activity and a particular discrete emotion. Against our prediction, results indicate that rather than each activity being connected to a single discrete emotion, each activity leans towards either multiple positive emotions or multiple negative emotions. / De fyra aktiviteterna utforska, samla, bygga samt strida förekommer i många genrer av spel. Även om dessa aktiviteter kan visa sig i många olika former, såsom t.ex. att strida ensam eller i grupper, emot människor, djur eller fiktionella monster, samla på sig pinnar och sten för att bygga ett skydd, eller samla på sig kort för att bygga den perfekta kortleken, innehåller de flesta spel åtminstone en av dessa aktiviteter. Vissa genrer såsom överlevnadsspel innehåller de flesta av dem. Ett test spel används för att tillåta deltagare att uppleva varje aktivitet och sedan rapportera diskreta känslor de känt under aktiviteten. Syftet med detta experiment är att hitta en länk mellan varje aktivitet och en viss diskret känsla. Förvånansvärt nog indikerar inte resultaten att inte att varje aktivitet är kopplad till en viss diskret känsla, men snarare att varje aktivitet lutar mot antingen ett flertal positiva känslor eller ett flertal negativa känslor.

The thesis deals with the theme of secrets as itself and how it is related to the church. Its main issue if is it a church that creates mystery, or whether the mystery is creates church. Furthermore, the work seeks to examine the veracity of statements II. Vatican concilium, which identify the Church as sacrament, that mean the secret. The work examines the main approaches to the mystery and the language they speak about him. While access to the mystery, which has Gnostic character and is well characterized and defined conceptually, it can be seen that the designation anit-gnostic mystery of missing a simple term. Work and offers use of the term exotheric, which is contrary to esoteric and further work highlights the typical character and timbre of this exotheric mystery. The work also aligns with the mystery as objective scientific phenomenon and examines whether the other sciences (mathematics or astronomy) may be encountered exoteric and objective mystery. Investigate the findings are eventually applied to the discourse on the Church, which shows that if the church was not defined as secret, it would be reduced to mere human community and vice versa, if the Church was reduced only as a community insider secrets, it would be just another gnostic sect.

There is a growing expectation that school librarians function within their job descriptions beyond the role of reading promoter and resource manager. With college and career readiness standards, technology use and digital learning standards and information literacy standards now in place for student learning expectations, it is vital that students have opportunities to acquire, develop and practice such skills for future success in the global market economy. For students to receive such opportunities, there should be designed instruction delivered to students that allows for them to learn and practice information gathering techniques to access, use and apply information effectively, efficiently and ethically while developing technology skills within context of their content learning and real-world connections authentically. This study examined how school librarians conveyed information gathering techniques to students through a qualitative, constant comparative approach. Five middle school librarians in an urban school district participated in an observation and interview. Findings suggest that school librarians do claim an instructional role regarding information gathering and technology usage, although it manifests in diverse ways. Implications for future studies and practice suggest that the position become more defined such that the expectation to function in these roles is widely accepted by all stakeholders, and for the effectiveness of the instruction on the development of these skills. As school librarians embrace and adopt new and emerging technologies within their instructional delivery, examining the effectiveness of that instruction would be of interest.

Studiens syfte är att frambringa en ökad förståelse kring chefers informationsinsamling under distansarbete genom en jämförelse mellan två chefsgrupper inom olika verksamhetsområden. Chefsgrupperna utgörs av dels chefer inom produktionsledning och chefer i en administrativ ledning. Intentionen med en jämförande studie är att åskådliggöra skillnader i vilka alternativa tillvägagångssätt chefsgrupperna tillämpar i informationsinsamlingen under distansarbete. Tidigare forskning har avhandlat grunderna i chefsarbete samt chefsarbete på distans. Den aktuella studien fokuserar på chefsarbete under distansarbete via en jämförande karaktär där studien identifierat ett aktuellt forskningsgap. En jämförande studie är relevant för att åskådliggöra hur chefsgrupperna agerat vid omställningen mot distansarbete eftersom arbetet vanligtvis inte utförts på distans tidigare. Eftersom cheferna arbetar inom olika verksamhetsområden är det av intresse att belysa vilka skillnader som kan utläsas mellan grupperna. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i den deduktiva ansatsen via kvalitativa intervjuer utförda med åtta stycken chefer inom olika företag fördelade på två chefsgrupper.  Resultatet påvisar att det existerar skillnader i tillvägagångssätten kring informationsinsamling för de olika cheferna. Från cheferna i produktionsledning kan urskiljas att ett delegerat arbetssätt varit ett genomgående förekommande tillvägagångssätt vilket effektiviserat informationsflödena och informationsinsamlingen inom organisationerna. En tydlig distinktion gentemot chefer inom den administrativa chefsgruppen är att cheferna inom den senare kategorin anammat ett större fokus på att utforma procedurer för att göra den digitala mötesformen mer effektiv och välfungerande. Anledningen är att det digitala formatet utgör det huvudsakliga forumet för att delge och samla in information under distansarbete. Skillnaden i tillvägagångssätt utgörs av de underordnades roll och arbetsuppgifter inom organisationerna. Eftersom de anställda som lyder under produktionsledningen fortsättningsvis behövt befinna sig fysiskt på arbetsplatsen för att upprätthålla verksamheten har cheferna modifierat ett arbetssätt anpassat efter förutsättningarna. Inom den administrativa gruppen har både chefer och anställda möjlighet att bedriva arbetet från distans vilket ställt krav på cheferna att finna effektiva tillvägagångssätt kopplat till digitala kommunikationsverktyg för att skapa förutsättningar att kunna samla in information om verksamheten. / The purpose of the study is to generate an increased understanding of managers' information gathering during telework through a comparison between two management groups in different business areas. The management groups consist of managers within operations management and managers in administrative management. The intention of a compared study is to visualize differences in which alternative approaches the management groups apply in the information gathering during teleworking. Previous research has discussed the premises of managerial work and managerial work during telework. The current study focuses on managerial work during telework via a comparison where the study identified a current research gap. A comparative study is essential to illustrate how the management groups have acted in the transition to telework, as the work has usually not been performed remotely before. Since the managers work in different areas of activity it is interesting to highlight the differences that can be read between the groups. The study is based on the deductive approach via qualitative interviews accomplished with eight managers in different companies divided into two management groups. The results show that there are differences in the approaches to information gathering for the various managers. In operations management it can be distinguished that a delegated method has been a common procedure, which has streamlined the information flows and information gathering within the organizations. An explicit distinction towards managers within the administrative management group is that the managers within the latter category have adopted a considerable focus on forming procedures to make the digital form of meeting more efficient and well-functioning. The reason is that digital communication is the main forum för communicating and gathering information during telework. The difference in approach consists of the role and tasks of the subordinates within the organization. As the employees who are under the operations management continued to need to be physically at the workplace to maintain the business, managers have modified a way of working adapted to the conditions. Within the administrative group both managers and employees have the opportunity to conduct the work remotely, which requires managers to find effective procedures linked to digital communication tools to create conditions for being able to gather information about the organization.

The grocery trade is part of the food industry, which is Sweden's third largest industry. It is obvious that it is an industry with a high market concentration where the market share of the three largest companies corresponds to almost 87%. In addition to the high concentration in the market, the industry is undergoing a structural change in new store formats that are more adapted to the customer's needs, among other things through geographical location, opening hours, service, price and design. Each individual has their own preferences when it comes to where to shop. At present, the supply of grocery stores is large and there is a tough level of competition throughout the country. It is therefore important for the various chains in the grocery trade to create and maintain a loyal customer base in order to remain relevant but also to survive the tough competition. The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of which marketing techniques the various chains in the Swedish grocery trade use to create and maintain a loyal customer base. To be ableto investigate this, a qualitative study was conducted consisting of four interviews with three different chains. The respondents who have participated have either had a central and high-ranking role within the chain or in the stores. This is because it is important for the study that the respondents have insight into how the organization works. The chains that have participated are: ICA, Hemköp and Coop. Based on the theoretical framework and the empirical evidence that has been collected, ananalysis has been carried out in order to be able to draw a conclusion. The conclusion that is drawn is that there are many and important factors that come into play to maintain and create aloyal customer base. But the marketing technique that stands out and that is of utmost importanceis loyalty programs followed by customer relationship management, relationship management and corporate store image.

Thesis closely deals with two heavily discussed aspects of contemporary society, that are very strongly inter-connected. The first aspect of society is the problem of right-wing radicalism and extremism in Czech republic, which manifests itself by xenophobic and hateful behavior, which then disrupts public order and therefore is related to Police of Czech republic, whose job is to prevent the ruptures in order. Thesis deals with development of extremism and Police of Czech republic since 1989 and how the police reacts to this development by adequately improving its equipment, tactics, etc. The year 1989 has been set because it is the year when political regime changed and new rules in society were established. Organizational structure of the police itself is discussed in detail, considering their interventions at events organized by right-wing radicals and extremists, which nowadays most often take form of demonstrations and meetings. Keywords The Police of the Czech Republic, radikalism, extremism, gathering, order police units, anti-conflict team, security measures.

On the Columbia Plateau, the origin of the Winter Village Pattern has long been a focus of research. Intensification of resources such as salmon, roots, and local aquatic resources is often cited as the cause of declining mobility. To address this question in the middle Snake River region, I have re-analyzed fish remains from the Hetrick site (10WN469; Weiser, ID), with occupations spanning the Holocene. Expectations from foraging theory and paleoclimate data are used to address whether salmon and other fish use changed over time and if such changes are correlated with the development of the Winter Village Pattern. The results of my research indicate that there is no correlation between the timing of increased salmonid use at the Hetrick site and paleoclimatic change or the earliest evidence for the Winter Village Pattern. Further, these results are very similar to patterns of fish use seen at other sites on the Snake River, particularly those from the Early and Middle Holocene.

This thesis establishes the earliest appearance of ground slate points at 50 locations throughout the Northwest Coast of North America. Ground slate points are a tool common among maritime hunter-gatherers, but rare among hunter-gatherers who utilize terrestrial subsistence strategies; ground slate points are considered one of the archaeological hallmarks of mid-to-late Holocene Northwest Coast peoples. The appearance of ground slate points in the archaeological record is frequently marked by a concurrent decline in the prevalence of flaked stone points, a phenomenon often referred to as "the ground slate transition." Until now, the specific timing of the appearance of these tools has been ill-defined, and a number of competing theories have arisen to explain the apparent preference for ground slate points over flaked points by prehistoric peoples. By drawing upon a sample of 94 artifact assemblages from 50 sites in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, I have constructed a database of artifacts counts, provenience information, and radiocarbon dates which allows for inter-site comparisons of the earliest appearance of the technology. My research has identified a general north to south trend in the appearance of slate points; which begin to appear in the archaeological record around 6,300 cal BP in southeast Alaska, to 2,900 cal BP in Puget Sound. There are notable exceptions to this pattern, however. Given that these data are drawn from both cultural resource management reports and academic literature, I have qualified these findings by addressing some of the common problems of making inter-site comparisons, such as the comparability of radiometric dates, which I address by undertaking a radiocarbon hygiene program. The chronology constructed here provides an important tool for evaluating theories about the ground slate transition, and thereby aiding in untangling the link between aquatic subsistence strategies and technological decision making.

This thesis deals with practical implementation of photon mapping algorithm. To achieve better results some basic and some more advanced methods of global illumination has been examined. These time demanding algorithms are often practically unusable and their further optimization is necessary. Optimized ray tracer is essential for practical implementation. Computing diffuse interreflection by Monte Carlo sampling is also very time demanding operation. Therefore it is appropriate to use it along with proper interpolation.

La littérature sur les entrevues d’enquête du milieu policier a mis en évidence les facteurs associés à la confession. Des recherches ont montré que la confession est associée à des suspects plus jeunes (Deslauriers-Varin & St-Yves, 2010; Viljoen, et al., 2005); des personnes d'origine caucasienne (St-Yves, 2002; Viljoen, et al., 2005); des célibataires (St-Yves, 2002); et le type de crime (Moston et coll., 1992; Phillips et Brown, 1998). La recherche a également examiné le rôle de la quantité et la nature de la preuve (p.ex., Brimbal & Luke, 2019 ; Deslauriers-Varin, et al., 2011, 2020 ; Moston & Engelberg, 2011), la manière dont les preuves sont présentées (p.ex., l'utilisation stratégique des preuves; Clemens et al., 2020 ; Granhag et al., 2013), et le rôle des enquêteurs et des techniques d'enquête (p.ex., May, et al., 2017; Snook et al., 2015; Wachi, et al., 2014). Cependant, la littérature sur l'entrevue d’enquête a mis l'accent sur les mesures de corrélation entre la confession et les variables qui peuvent l'influencer comme si elle était stable dans le temps. Pourtant, il existe des preuves que la confession pourrait être un processus instable influencé par des éléments contextuels. Par exemple, des chercheurs ont évoqué le changement de décision (vers l'aveu ou vers le déni) qui s'opère avec les suspects dans le cadre d'un interrogatoire (Bull & Soukara, 2010; Deslauriers-Varin, et al., 2011a ; Walsh et Bull, 2012). Plus récemment, dans la littérature, les chercheurs se sont engagés dans un virage clair vers une analyse de l'entrevue d’enquête qui prenait en compte des différents aspects dynamiques de la situation tel que l’ordre des comportements dans le temps (p.ex., Kelly, et al., 2016 ; Yang, et al., 2017). Pour participer à ce virage et contribuer à la recherche dans le domaine, nous proposons une nouvelle conceptualisation de l'entrevue d’enquête à travers une nouvelle perspective théorique : la Théorie des Jeux. Une discussion sur la théorie et ses concepts est suivie de deux articles empiriques qui visent à mieux étudier les entrevues. Le premier article explore l'influence mutuelle des deux participants sur l’obtention d’information pertinente à l’enquête. Des entretiens enregistrés sur vidéo liés à l'exploitation sexuelle d'enfants sur internet (n = 130) ont été utilisés et les différents comportements des suspects et des enquêteurs ont été analysés pour déterminer s'ils impliquaient (1) l'établissement d'un rapport/le déni actif, (2) la collaboration, (3) la confrontation, (4) l’émotion/réponse, et (5) l’obtention d'informations liées à l’enquête. Les résultats ont montré que les informations pertinentes à l'enquête sont souvent fournies peu de temps après qu'un suspect a offert des informations supplémentaires ou s’est montré émotif (par exemple, pleure). Lorsque l’enquêteur présente des preuves, la probabilité que des informations supplémentaires soient fournies par le suspect augmente immédiatement. Cependant, établir un rapport avec le suspect est efficace à plus long terme alors qu’un effet positif n'est pas immédiatement observé. En utilisant le même échantillon, la deuxième étude explore l'hétérogénéité des stratégies et des comportements des suspects lors d’une entrevue d’enquête ainsi que la stabilité de ces profils dans le temps puisque les comportements des suspects est un sujet rarement abordé dans la littérature contrairement aux comportements de l’interviewer. L'analyse a permis d'identifier la présence de cinq profils différents : 1) Positif ; 2) Justifiant ; 3) Accepter ; 4) Contrôler ; 5) Irrité. L'analyse temporelle montre également que la majorité des suspects restent dans le même profil au cours de l'entretien. Cette thèse a permis d’instaurer une base théorique et méthodologique pour l'étude des interactions sociales asymétriques à travers l'utilisation de la perspective de la Théorie des Jeux. Plus particulièrement, le contexte de l'entrevue d’enquête des délinquants sexuels en ligne a été observé et les résultats pointent vers le fait que l'interaction sociale qui a lieu dans la salle d'interrogatoire est influencée par les stratégies de l’interviewer et du suspect. De plus, les décisions prises par le suspect aux cours de l’entrevue sont explorées et semblent être associés à leurs préférences. La thèse accorde également une attention particulière à la notion complexe de temps ainsi que son impact sur les comportements et propose une évaluation temporelle continue de l'interaction plutôt que de segmenter l’entrevue tel que vu dans la littérature. Les résultats visent à développer une nouvelle façon d’étudier l’entrevue d’enquête afin d’éventuellement fournir des outils pratiques aux policiers sur le type de stratégies à utiliser selon le temps dont ils disposent et sur le type de suspect avec lequel ils travaillent. Les résultats contribuent également à établir des méthodologies pour l’analyse de d'autres types d'interactions asymétriques qui sont courantes dans le domaine de la criminologie. Considérer l’entrevue d’enquête comme étant une interaction sociale représentant un processus qui évolue dans le temps fournit un point de départ pour la création de directives pratiques pour aider les praticiens à accroître la collaboration des suspects. / The literature on police investigative interviewing has highlighted the factors associated with confession. Research has shown that confession is associated with younger suspects (Deslauriers-Varin & St-Yves, 2010; Viljoen, et al., 2005); individuals of Caucasian origin (St-Yves, 2002; Viljoen, et al., 2005); single individuals (St-Yves, 2002); and individuals who have committed less serious crime (Moston et al., 1992; Phillips & Brown, 1998). Research also examines the role of evidence strength (e.g., Brimbal & Luke, 2019; Deslauriers-Varin, et al., 2011, 2020; Moston & Engelberg, 2011), the way in which evidence is presented (e.g., strategic use of evidence; Clemens et al., 2020; Granhag et al., 2013), and the role of police investigators and investigative techniques (e.g., May, et al., 2017; Snook et al., 2015; Wachi, et al., 2014). However, the literature on investigative interviewing has emphasized measures of correlation between confession and the variables that may influence it as if they were stable over time. Yet, there is evidence that confession could be an unstable process influenced by contextual elements. For example, researchers have raised the change in decision (towards confession or even towards denial) that operates with suspects in the context of an interrogation (Bull & Soukara, 2010, Deslauriers-Varin, et al., 2011a; Walsh & Bull, 2012; Verhoeven, 2018). More recently in the literature, researchers engaged in a clear shift toward a more dynamic analysis of investigative interview (e.g., Kelly, et al., 2016; Yang, et al., 2017). To contribute to the research in this field, we propose a new conceptualization of the investigative interview through a new theoretical perspective: Game Theory. A discussion on the theory and its concept leads to two empirical articles that aim to study interviews more effectively. The first one explores the dynamic influence of both participants, the interviewer and the suspect, on suspect's disclosure. Videotaped interviews related to online child sexual exploitation (n=130) were analyzed and the different behaviors of suspects and interviewers were analyzed to determine if they involved (1) rapport building/active denial, (2) collaboration, (3) confrontation, (4) emotion/response, and (5) elicitation of information related to the case. Results showed that information relevant to the investigation is often provided shortly after a suspect has offered additional information or given responses that meet emotional needs (e.g., justifications). The interviewer’s use of available evidence increases the likelihood that additional information will be provided, while the ability to build a rapport with the suspect is effective in the longer term, even if a positive effect is not immediately observed. The second study explores the heterogeneity of strategies and behaviors of suspects during an interview as well as the stability of those profiles as suspects behaviors is a subject that have been overlooked in the literature contrarily to interviewers behaviors. The analysis helped identify the presence of five different profiles: 1) Positive; 2) Justifying; 3) Accepting; 4) Controlling; 5) Irritated. The temporal analysis also shows that the probability that a suspect will continue to exhibit the same profile over the course of the interview is high. This thesis allows to set a theoretical and methodological basis to the study of asymmetrical interaction through the use of the Game Theory perspective. More particularly, the context of investigative interviewing of online sex offenders has been observed and the results point toward the fact that both the suspect and the interviewer influence the course of the social interaction that takes place in the interrogation room. Moreover, the decisions of the suspects have been explored and seems to be taken according to their preferences. The thesis also gives particular attention to the complex notion of time and its influence on behavior and proposes, in the fourth chapter, a continuous timeline evaluation of the interaction instead of a segmented analysis. The findings help develop a new line of research with innovative methods in order to eventually provide practical tools to police investigators on the matter of the type of strategies to use according to the amount of time they have and on the type of suspect they are working with. The findings also contribute to setting methodologies for other types of asymmetrical interaction which are common in the field of criminology. Seeing the interviews as being an interaction process provides a starting point for the creation of practical guidelines to help practitioners increase suspect collaboration during investigative interviews.