Introdução: a adiponectina está envolvida na homeostase energética, através da regulação do metabolismo glicídico e lipídico. Adicionalmente, apresenta propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antiateroscleróticas. Polimorfismos no gene da adiponectina (ADIPOQ) podem modular as concentrações de adiponectina. A influência desses polimorfismos no desenvolvimento da hipertensão gestacional (HAG) e da pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é desconhecida. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência dos polimorfismos no gene ADIPOQ sobre o desenvolvimento da hipertensão gestacional e da pré-eclâmpsia. Pacientes e métodos: Foram estudadas 401 gestantes sendo 161 grávidas saudáveis (GS), 113 com HAG e 127 com PE. Os polimorfismos do gene ADIPOQ -11391G>A (rs17300539), -11377C>G (rs266729), 45T>G (rs2241766) e 276G>T (rs1501299) foram genotipados através de discriminação alélica por reação de PCR em tempo real. Os haplótipos foram inferidos através do programa PHASE 2.1. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas freqüências genotípicas e alélicas dos polimorfismos estudados. Na analise dos haplótipos, observamos pequenas diferenças nas freqüências haplotípicas entre os grupos estudados, no entanto, nenhuma destas diferenças foi estatisticamente significativa (P>0,05). Conclusão: Não encontramos nenhuma associação entre as variantes genotípicas e alélicas dos polimorfismos no gene ADIPOQ com o desenvolvimento de hipertensão arterial gestacional e pré-eclâmpsia. / Introduction: adiponectin is involved in energy homeostasis by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, it presents anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic functions. Polymorphisms in adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) can modulate the concentrations of adiponectin. The influence of these polymorphisms on the development of gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) is unknown. Aim: The aim of this work was to examine the influence of polymorphisms in the gene ADIPOQ on the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Patients and Methods: we studied 401 pregnant women: 161 healthy pregnant (HP), 113 pregnants with gestational hypertension (GH) and 127 pregnants with preeclampsia (PE). Polymorphisms ADIPOQ -11391G>A (rs17300539), - 11377C>G (rs266729), 45T>G (rs2241766) and 276G>T (rs1501299) were genotyped by allelic discrimination by PCR in real time. Haplotypes were inferred using the PHASE 2.1 program. Results: there were no statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms studied. In the analysis of haplotypes, we observed small differences in haplotype frequencies between groups, however, none of these differences was statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: we found no association between the genotypic and allelic variants of the ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms with the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Background In South Africa, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading cause of maternal mortality. More than 50% of anaesthesia-related deaths are attributed to complications of airway management. We compared the prevalence and risk factors for hypoxaemia (SpO2<90%) during induction of general anaesthesia in parturients with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We hypothesised that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with desaturation during tracheal intubation. Methods Data from 402 cases in a multicentre obstetric airway management registry were analysed. The prevalence of peri-induction hypoxaemia (SpO2<90%) was compared in patients with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Quantile regression of SpO2 nadir was performed to identify confounding variables associated with, and mediators of hypoxaemia.Results In the cohort of 402 cases, hypoxaemia occurred in 19% with and 9% without hypertension (estimated risk difference, 10%; 95% CI 2% to 17%; P=0.005). Quantile regression demonstrated a lower SpO2 nadir associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as body mass index increased. Room-air oxygen saturation, Mallampati grade, and number of intubation attempts were associated with the relationship. Conclusions Clinically significant oxygen desaturation during airway management occurred twice as often in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, compounded by increasing body mass index. Intermediary factors in the pathway from hypertension to hypoxaemia were also identified.

Orientador: Valéria Cristina Sandrim / Resumo: A enzima mieloperoxidase (MPO) é caracterizada por produzir substâncias altamente reativas e é reconhecida por desencadear estresse oxidativo e disfunção endotelial mediada, em parte, pela interferência com o vasodilatador óxido nítrico. Neste estudo, nós investigamos a relação entre o óxido nítrico e a MPO in vitro incubando o plasma de gestantes saudáveis, hipertensas e com pré-eclâmpsia com células endoteliais (HUVEC). Foram observados maiores níveis de MPO no sobrenadante de células incubadas com o plasma de pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia comparado ao de células incubadas com plasma de gestantes saudáveis, e que a inibição da atividade enzimática aumentou a disponibilidade de óxido nítrico. Posteriormente, nós avaliamos a concentração e atividade da MPO no plasma de 219 gestantes saudáveis, 130 hipertensas gestacionais (com e sem terapia anti-hipertensiva) e 143 gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia (com e sem terapia anti-hipertensiva). Nós observamos que pacientes com síndromes hipertensivas e sob tratamento anti-hipertensivo apresentaram menores níveis e atividade desta enzima e, curiosamente, pacientes que tiveram o plasma coletado antes do tratamento anti-hipertensivo apresentaram níveis elevados de MPO. Nossos resultados indicam um elevado risco cardiovascular em gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas e que a MPO ativa pode ter um papel na disfunção endotelial nestas síndromes pelo comprometimento da disponibilidade do óxido nítrico. Além disso, o uso de drogas anti-hipertensivas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

<p>Preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy impact 2-8% of pregnancies with often devastating results. Current treatment methods resort to birth, which forces the fetus into the world before they are fully developed but can save the mother’s life. Preeclampsia is broadly considered to be of placental origin and current etiologic understanding focuses on systemic endothelial dysfunction triggered by an imbalance of vasoregulatory factors released by this maternal/fetal organ. This imbalance explains many early-term cases but fails to adequately address later cases where this imbalance is not always seen. Conversely, ischemia-reperfusion of the kidney is known to correlate with endothelial dysfunction, and preeclamptic women are known to have a stenosis in their left renal vein (LRV) in the supine position (on their back). Herein, we suggest that extrinsic compression of the LRV by the gravid uterus, without collaterals, produces a renal injury which can induce systemic endothelial cell dysfunction. We theorize this compression is position dependent and produces renal ischemia through an unchecked cycle of increased intrarenal pressure, subsequent afferent arteriole constriction and decreased glomerular perfusion, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. We aim to elucidate this through murine studies of a surgically induced LRV stenosis and a retrospective clinical study where the maternal renal veins are measured from magnetic resonance images. Findings from this work suggest partial renal venous outflow obstruction leads to renal injury but could be moderated through alternative maternal resting positions. This potential alternative pathologic mechanism has significant clinical implications for future therapies targeting this condition.</p>

Background: Periodontal disease has been associated with gestational complications and both conditions have a high prevalence in rural populations from developing regions. A cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the relationship between periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), blood pressure (BP), and, serum uric acid levels (UA) in a group of rural North Chinese pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-five rural women aged 20–34 years, with normal body mass index (BMI) were examined in a cross-sectional study during their third trimester of gestation. Exclusion criteria were history of pregnancy complications,multiple pregnancy, smoking habits, diabetes, hypertension or any known infectious disease. Socio-demographic variables, including age and socioeconomic status (SES), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings, serum UA levels, and PISA values were recorded. A structural equation model was implemented with two constructed latent variables including “Dem” (comprising of age and SES category to represent unobserved demographic variables) and, “BP” (comprising of SBP and DBP to account for measurement error and lack of multiple BP readings). The model accounted for co-variance of BP and UA, and implemented simultaneous regressions for BP and UA as outcomes, upon Dem and PISA values as exogenous variables. Results: The median PISA score was 1,081.7 (IQR = 835.01), reflecting high levels of periodontal inflammation in the sample. SEM showed a significant association of PISA with BP (estimate = 0.011, 95%CI = 0.009–0.012 p < 0.001) and UA (estimate = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.001–0.001, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Higher PISA values were significantly associated with higher blood pressure and uric acid levels among rural pregnant women in a cross-sectional sample from a center in North China after accounting for a latent demographic construct derived from age and SES.

No description available.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of length 18 to 25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Expression of some miRNAs is tissue specific. I assumed that pregnancy induced complications associated with placental insufficiency could be characterized by a unique profil of placental-specific miRNAs in maternal circulation. I measured concentration and gene expression of selected miRNAs (miR-516-5p, miR-517*, miR-518b, miR-520a*, miR-520h, miR-525 and miR-526a) in the plasma of patients with preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and gestational hypertension (GH). The control group consisted of patients with a normal course of pregnancy (FG). I processed 168 plasma samples, the representation of individual diagnosis were as follows: PE 63, FGR 27, GH 23, FG 55. Detection and quantification was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR. I identified three miRNAs with elevated levels in a group of preeclamptic patients: miR-517*, miR-520a* and miR-525. The severity of the PE, which was characterized by a form of the disease (mild or severe PE) and term (before or after the 34th week of pregnancy), did not have a statistically significant effect on the levels of miRNAs. More than a quarter of patients had PE superimposed on previous hypertension. Previous history of...

The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression of cardiovascular miRNAs in peripheral blood of mothers after delivery. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which significantly modulate posttranscriptional adjustments of mRNA and thus regulate gene expression across biological processess. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with many pathological phenomena, thanks that we can use them for diagnosis and potentionaly we can treat these diseases by the manipulation of miRNA gene expression. We examined gene expression of circulating miRNAs associated with cardiovascular diseases, and we investigated, how the expression profile depends on pregnancy course and manifestation of pregnancy-related complications. For this purpose we examined material from 221 mothers 3-10 years after delivery. A group with identical pregnancy-related complication was always compared with a group of mothers after physiological pregnancy. Gene expression of 29 cardiovascular miRNAs in peripheral blood was studied using reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. It was confirmed, that the expression profile of miRNAs differed between pregnancy-related complications and physiological controls. We also confirmed, that the profile of gene expression discovered at mothers 3-10 years after delivery was different...

Introduction: Few studies have investigated the nature and prevalence of drug therapy problems (DTPs) in women's health settings, which may compromise safe care for these patients. Objective: This study was to identify risk factors and clinical outcomes for the development of drug therapy problems in the puerperium of patients with gestational hypertension. Methods: A case-control study and a prospective cohort was performed with puerperae diagnosed with gestational hypertension in two Brazilian maternity schools between june and november 2016. Patients with at least one DTP were allocated as case, whereas patients without DTPs were allocated as control. Results: 600 women were included in the study: 354 in the case group, 246 in the control group. The main risk factors for DTPs were increased number of drugs during hospitalization (p = 0.000), lower gestational age at delivery (p = 0.032) and the first gestation (p = 0.016). Of the 354 (59%) patients who had at least one DTP, 244 (68.9%) had one DTP, 98 (27.7%) had two DTPs. The main types of DTPs were: (1) non-administration of the prescribed drug, (2) nonprescription of a drug despite clear indication and (3) failure of therapy (ineffectiveness). The drugs most associated with DTPs were methyldopa 83 (17.2%), ferrous sulfate 318 (66.5%), dipyrone 24 (5%). In addition to methyldopa, other antihypertensive drugs, such as nifedipine, captopril, losartan, were also involved in DTPs, but in less than 5% of patients. In patients exposed to DTPs, the length of hospital stay was 5.45 (SD 3.60) days versus 4.48 (SD 3.32) days in patients not exposed to DTPs (p = 0.001). The time (in days) to achieve BP control was 4.49 (3.58) and 3.47 (3.26), respectively (p = 0.000). There were no deaths. Conclusion: Drug therapy related problems are common events during the postpartum period of patients with gestational hypertension. The three risk factors identified in this study should be considered in the future in the risk analysis of hospitalized puerperae, and suggest levels of alertness for the management of pharmacotherapy in this group of patients. The presence of these events significantly increases the postpartum period of permanence and the time to normalize blood pressure. / Introdução: Poucos estudos têm investigado a natureza e prevalência de problemas farmacoterapêuticos (PFTs) em ambientes de saúde da mulher, o que pode comprometer a assistência segura a essas pacientes. Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco e os desfechos clínicos para o desenvolvimento de problemas farmacoterapêuticos no puerpério de pacientes com hipertensão na gestação. Método: Foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle e uma coorte prospectiva com puérperas diagnosticadas com hipertensão na gestação em duas maternidadesescola do Brasil, de junho a novembro de 2016. Pacientes com ao menos um problema farmacoterapêutico foram elegíveis como intervenção, enquanto pacientes sem problemas farmacoterapêuticos foram elegíveis como controle. Resultados: 600 mulheres foram incluídas no estudo: 354 no grupo caso e 246 no grupo controle. Os principais fatores de risco para problemas farmacoterapêuticos foram o aumento do número de medicamentos durante a internação (p=0,000), a menor idade gestacional no momento do parto (p=0,032) e a paciente estar na primeira gestação (p=0,016). Das 354 (59%) pacientes que apresentaram pelo menos um problema farmacoterapêutico, 244 (68,9%) tiveram um problema farmacoterapêutico, 98 (27,7%) tiveram dois problemas farmacoterapêuticos. Os principais tipos de problemas farmacoterapêuticos foram: (1) não administração do medicamento prescrito, (2) não prescrição de um medicamento apesar de indicação clara e (3) falha terapêutica (inefetividade). Os medicamentos mais associados a problemas farmacoterapêuticos foram a metildopa 83 (17,2%), sulfato ferroso 318 (66,5%), dipirona 24 (5%). Além da metildopa, outros medicamentos anti-hipertensivos, como nifedipino, captopril, losartana, também estiveram envolvidos em problemas farmacoterapêuticos, porém em menos 5% das pacientes. Em doentes expostos a problemas farmacoterapêuticos, o tempo de internação foi de 5,45 (DP 3,60) dias versus 4,48 (DP 3,32) dias em doentes não expostos a problemas farmacoterapêuticos (p = 0,001). O tempo (em dias) para alcançar o controle da pressão arterial foi de 4,49 (3,58) e 3,47 (3,26), respectivamente (p = 0,000). Não houve mortes. Conclusão: Os problemas farmacoterapêuticos são eventos comuns durante o período pós-parto de pacientes com hipertensão gestacional os três fatores de risco identificados neste estudo devem ser considerados futuramente na análise de risco de puérperas hospitalizadas, e sugerem níveis de alerta para o manejo da farmacoterapia neste grupo de pacientes. A presença destes eventos aumenta significativamente o período pós-parto de permanência e o tempo de normalização da pressão arterial.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Raphaela Maioni Xavier.pdf: 942765 bytes, checksum: 101261116404b23fe8473b4c0bb5ae74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / The etiopathogenesis of gestational hypertension has been widely studied, but it is not very well established in medical literature. Due to the low uteroplacental perfusion, light to moderate hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy may be an adaptive response of the maternal organism in order to keep adequate blood flow in the fetal compartment. This paper aims to identify the socioeconomic factors of the parturients with gestational hypertension associated with the maternal and fetal conditions, as well as the gross placental pathological changes. The study was conducted in a federal public maternity hospital in Goiânia, in the state of Goiás, between March 2009 and February 2010. Placental and clinical data of 61 parturients with and without diagnosis (control group) of gestational hypertension were collected. 18 placentas of parturients with chronic hypertension (CH) (29.5%), 11 with gestational hypertension (HGE) (18%), 3 with eclampsia (4.9%), 28 of pre-eclampsia (PE) (45.9%), and 1 diagnosed with HELLP Syndrome (1.63%). The main placental changes found were: hematomas, presence of fibrin, fibrosis, infarction, calcifilaxis and areas of detachment. There was statistically significant difference concerning the occurrence of infarction on the maternal side of women with eclampsia (p = 0.047). The deposit of fibrin on the maternal side of the placentas of women with gestational hypertension was significantly larger than that of the women in the control group (p = 0.008). Calcifilaxis was larger on the maternal side of the placentas of women in the control group when compared to the group with gestational hypertension (p = 0.056). A statistically significant result was obtained when analyzing the presence of fibrin in the groups of PE and control (p = 0.024). There was a significantly larger deposit of fibrin on the fetal side of the placentas of women with HGE than of those in the control group (p = 0.048). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are studied as a worldwide problem of public health and rank third among the causes of maternal death in the world and first in Brazil. This is the reason why this study was carried out taking into consideration the need of an increasingly humanized obstetric care focused on the main placental changes and their impact on maternal and fetal vitality in the puerperium. / A etiopatogênese da doença hipertensiva específica da gestação (DHEG) tem sido amplamente estudada, porém não se encontra muito bem estabelecida na literatura. Devido à baixa perfusão uteroplacentária, quadros hipertensivos leves a moderados no terceiro trimestre da gravidez podem ser uma resposta adaptativa do organismo materno para que seja mantido fluxo sanguíneo adequado no compartimento fetal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores sócio-econômicos das parturientes com doença hipertensiva da gestação associados às condições maternas e fetais, bem como as alterações anatomopatológicas macroscópicas placentárias. O estudo foi realizado em uma maternidade pública federal na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, no período de março de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. Foram coletados dados placentários e dados de prontuários de parturientes com ou sem diagnóstico (grupo controle) de doença hipertensiva específica da gestação totalizando 61 partos. Obtivemos 1 placenta de parturiente com diagnóstico de Síndrome HELLP (1,7%), 3 casos de eclâmpsia (4,9%), 11 de HG (18%),18 de HC (29,5%) e 28 de PE (45,9%). As principais alterações placentárias encontradas foram: hematomas, presença de fibrina, áreas de fibrose, infarto, calcifilaxia, áreas de descolamento. Na face materna houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação à ocorrência de infarto na face materna de mulheres com eclâmpsia (p = 0, 047). Houve depósito de fibrina significativamente maior na face materna de placentas de mulheres com hipertensão gestacional comparada aquelas do grupo controle (p = 0,008). A calcificação foi maior na face materna das placentas de mulheres do grupo controle quando comparadas ao grupo com Hipertensão gestacional (p = 0,056). Obteve-se um resultado estatisticamente significante ao analisar a presença de fibrina nos grupos de PE e nos controles (p = 0,024). Houve um depósito significativamente maior de fibrina na face fetal das placentas de mulheres com HG comparadas aquelas do grupo controle (p = 0,048). As doenças hipertensivas específicas da gestação são estudadas como um problema de saúde pública mundial representando a terceira causa de mortalidade materna no mundo e a primeira no Brasil. Por esse motivo, o presente estudo foi realizado a partir da necessidade de uma assistência obstétrica cada vez mais humanizada e voltada para as principais alterações placentárias e suas repercussões na vitalidade materna e fetal no ciclo gravídico puerperal.