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Paauglių savęs vertinimo ir tarpusavio santykių su bendraamžiais ryšys / The Link between Adolescents' Self-assessment and Interrelationships with PeersJonikaitė, Rūta 02 August 2011 (has links)
Bakalauro darbe analizuojamas paauglių savęs vertinimo ir tarpasmeninių santykių su
bendraamžiais ryšys. Suformuluotas tikslas – išsiaiškinti bendraamžių grup÷s įtaką paauglių
savęs vertinimui ir tarpusavio santykiams. Darbe naudota T. Liri bei bendraautorių G. Leforž, R.
Sazek 1957 metų daugiaaspektinis tarpasmeninių santykių kvantifikacijos testas bei pusiau
struktūruotas interviu. Kiekybiniame tyrime dalyvavo 116 paauglių, besimokinančių VII – VIII –
IX klas÷se, kokybiniame tyrime dalyvavo – 4 paaugliai.
Analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą, išanalizuota paauglių bendravimo ir tarpasmeninių
santykių su bendraamžiais ypatumai, svarba paauglyst÷s amžiuje.
Tyrimo metodais buvo tirta, kaip paaugliai vertina save, juos supančius bendraamžius, kaip
nor÷tų, kad juos vertintų bendraamžiai bei paauglių ir bendraamžių tarpusavio santykiai.
Analizuojant tyrimo duomenis, ieškota ryšio tarp paauglių ir bendraamžių tarpusavio santykių ir
paauglių savęs vertinimo.
Tyrimu nustatyta paauglių ir bendraamžių tarpusavio santykių įtaka paauglių savęs
vertinimui. Paaugliai savo santykius su bendraamžiais įvertino ne itin palankiai. Tyrimo
duomenys atskleid÷, kad paaugliai bendraamžius vertina kaip netinkamai besielgiančius bei tai,
kad jų tarpusavio santykiuose dominuoja daug negatyvių patyrimų bei netinkamo elgesio, kas
savaime turi įtakos paauglių savęs vertinimui. Netinkami paauglių santykiai su bendraamžiais
įtakoja paauglių psichinę savijautą bei norą tapti autoritariais asmenimis. Atliekant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird die Relation zwischen Selbstschätzung der Teenager
und ihren Verhältnissen mit den Gleichaltrigen analysiert. Es wurde das Ziel gesetzt, den Einfluss
einer Gruppe von Gleichaltrigen auf die Selbstschätzung und die Verhältnisse zu erforschen. In der
Arbeit wurde vielaspektiger Quantifizierungstest der Verhältnisse von T. Liri und Mitautoren G.
Leforge und R. Sazek von dem Jahr 1957 und halbstrukturiertes Interview herangezogen. An der
quantitativen Untersuchung haben 116 Teenager und an der qualitativen Untersuchung 4 Teenager aus
den Klassen 7, 8 und 9 teilgenommen.
Bei der Analyse der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wurden die Besonderheiten des Umgangs der
Teenager und deren Verhältnisse mit den Gleichaltrigen, deren Bedeutung im Teenageralter behandelt.
Mittels der Untersuchungsverfahren wurde es analysiert, wie Teenager sich selbst und ihre
Gleichaltrigen einschätzen, wie möchten sie von den Gleichaltrigen eingeschätzt werden und wie die
Verhältnisse der Teenager mit den Gleichaltrigen sind. Bei der Analyse von Untersuchungsdaten
versuchte man eine Relation zwischen den Verhältnissen der Teenager mit ihren Gleichaltrigen und
Selbstschätzung der Teenager einzublicken.
Die Untersuchung erschloss, dass die Verhältnisse der Teenager mit den Gleichaltrigen die
Selbstschätzung der Teenager beeinflussen. Die Teenager haben ihre Verhältnisse mit den
Gleichaltrigen nicht besonders positiv eingeschätzt. Aus den Untersuchungsdaten gab sich heraus... [to full text]
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Contributions to the economic analysis of even-aged silviculture: From simple models to complex analysesHalbritter, Andreas 19 August 2022 (has links)
In managed forests, the enormous complexity of an ecologic system meets a vast range of economic and other impact factors. Thus, to determine, analyze and understand economically optimal stand management is a task which has kept forest economists occupied for the past 200 years. The approach which has been followed since the days of Martin FAUSTMANN is the analysis of models which describe rather specific management scenarios using a set of clearly defined model assumptions. Unfortunately, the applicability of the findings to more general scenarios is limited. On the other side, the possibility of analyzing general management environments with single models is also limited by increasing complexity. Thus, a holistic understanding of optimal forest management is still missing. This statement also holds for the extensive field of optimal even-aged timber production, which essentially consists of only three main components, i.e., planting, thinning and final harvest. Therefore, this dissertation aims to make a contribution to further increase the general understanding of even-aged forest management.
To achieve this goal three steps were taken. First, a qualitative analysis of a combined management plan including decisions on all three basic components is presented based on HALBRITTER and DEEGEN (2015). It provides a discussion of the direct and indirect dependencies between the decision variables of a rotation in a rather classical management environment.
Second, three studies are presented which dissolve some of the classical model assumptions and extend the existing knowledge on even-aged forestry to relevant but more complex mangement questions. HALBRITTER (2015) includes natural regeneration and a shelter period in an even-aged system and explores the borders between the even- and uneven-aged management. Thereby, the influence of natural regeneration and the impact of several age classes were studied. HALBRITTER (2020) drops the assumption of stand homogeneity and investigates stand management under heterogeneous tree growth in which, for example, different social classes of trees are maintained. Lastly, HALBRITTER et al. (2020) extend the classical deterministic management environment in the direction of density-dependent hazard risk. This adds an additional aspect to the thinning and the
rotation decision because, in this scenario, the probability of stand destruction can be controlled by thinning.
As a third step, the studies above were embedded in a patchwork representing a conglomeration of models which are connected and validated by overlapping scopes. Using this approach, a wide range of different management scenarios can be covered by rather simple models. Thus, the complexity of the analysis decreases compared to single models with a more generally applicable framework and the problem of model complexity is mitigated. In addition, the inclusion of reference models with a particular focus on the management components stand establishment, thinning or rotation allows for a clear identification of the relationship between optimal stand management and the characteristics of a scenario. Applied to the qualitative analysis of the four studies above, the approach yields insights which contribute to a better understanding of even-aged forest management.:1. Introduction
2. The FAUSTMANN Framework
2.1 Model Definition
2.2 The FAUSTMANN Model
2.3 Assumptions
2.4 Basic Applications
2.4.1 The Rotation Model
2.4.2 The Thinning Model
2.4.3 The Planting Model
2.4.4 The Uneven-aged Model
3. Problem
4. Methodology
5. The Combined Model
5.1 Model
5.2 Optimal Management
5.3 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate
5.4 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications
6. Extensions
6.1 Uneven-Aged Extension: The Double-Cohort Model
6.1.1 Even-Aged and Uneven-Aged Stands
6.1.2 Model
6.1.3 Optimal Management
6.1.4 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate
6.1.5 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications
6.2 Heterogeneous Extension: The Heterogeneous Stand Model
6.2.1 Homogeneous and Heterogenous Stands
6.2.2 Model
6.2.3 Optimal Management
6.2.4 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate
6.2.5 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications
6.3 Stochastic Extension: The Natural Risk Model
6.3.1 Deterministic and Stochastic Scenarios
6.3.2 Model
6.3.3 Optimal Management
6.3.4 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate
6.3.5 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications
7. Conclusions
7.1 Optimal Management Strategy
7.1.1 Optimal Planting
7.1.2 Optimal Thinning
7.1.3 Optimal Rotation
7.2 The Patchwork Approach
7.2.1 Applicability of the Patchwork Approach
7.2.2 Limitations of the Patchwork Approach
7.2.3 Comparison to the Holistic Approach
8. Summary
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