Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Thadeu Leme de Barros Filho.pdf: 618382 bytes, checksum: b2dabdaaa82c760068bc25eb995a4110 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis aims to analyze the role of the global civil society before the international institutions for the construction of the human rights, comprehended as intercultural. It will defend that, in the legal pluralistic universe, the human rights must be conceived by an intercultural paradigm, in order to overcome the debate about cultural universalism vs. relativism. Firstly, it aims to understand how a new theory of law, which allows the participation of new actors in the global scenario, can present itself as counter-hegemonic. Then, it will try to observe in which moment and in which political context the concept of global civil society starts to appear more frequently, with a view of identifying the historical conditions that enabled the creation and reproduction of different speeches on it. Finally, after having presented the thesis on interculturalism, it will highlight the relevant aspects connected to the participation of the civil society before the United Nations, bringing the empirical experience of the Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women / Este trabalho objetiva analisar o papel da chamada sociedade civil global nas instituições internacionais para a construção dos direitos humanos interculturalmente compreendidos. Defenderá que, dentro do universo do pluralismo jurídico, os direitos humanos devem ser concebidos através de um paradigma intercultural, a fim de superar o debate universalismo x relativismo cultural. Em primeiro lugar, visará entender em que sentido uma nova concepção de direito, que permita a participação de novos atores no cenário mundial, poderá se apresentar como contra-hegemônica. Em seguida, procurará observar em que momento e em que contexto político o conceito de sociedade civil global começa a surgir com mais freqüência, almejando identificar as condições históricas que possibilitaram a criação e a reprodução de diferentes discursos a seu respeito. Por fim, após apresentar as teses do interculturalismo, traçará um quadro sobre aspectos relevantes ligados à participação da sociedade civil na Organização das Nações Unidas, trazendo como estudo de caso a experiência empírica do Comitê da Convenção Sobre a Eliminação de todas as formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-08-20T19:14:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 26e.pdf: 3123063 bytes, checksum: 91eac5f61a9072639b39059f05dacdcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T19:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26e.pdf: 3123063 bytes, checksum: 91eac5f61a9072639b39059f05dacdcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-26 / Nenhuma / A presente tese doutoral tem por mote a problematização do constitucionalismo em tempos de mundialização. Sob o aporte filosófico-metodológico da hermenêutica gadameriana, o texto é redigido nos contornos da dialética, para a qual dois a dois os capítulos são articulados, compondo uma paisagem em que muitos tons se sobrepõem entre os opostos. Assim, parte-se no primeiro capítulo aos pilares do Estado Liberal de Direito para, no capítulo seguinte, indicar-se a conformação política e social do Estado Democrático de Direito, inaugurado sob os próprios esquemas, na interação entre Estado, Constituição e Sociedade Civil. Se a gênese do constitucionalismo que tem suas bases no Estado nacional, estas passam a ser desafiadas pelas novas dinâmicas pós-nacionais, ou melhor, pela mundialização, entendida como zeitgeist contemporâneo. A mundialização é esquadrinhada nos capítulos terceiro e quarto, sendo aquele destinado à sua caracterização enquanto processo descendente e hegemônico, para, na sequência, desvelar-se os aspectos ascendentes, de baixo para cima, pela temática da universalização dos Direitos Humanos e da Sociedade Civil global. O quinto capítulo volta o foco ao constitucionalismo, sob a dinâmica da internacionalização do Direito Constitucional de um lado, e da constitucionalização do direito internacional de outro, oferecendo uma leitura doutrinária a esse respeito. Por fim, enceta-se alguns condicionantes do constitucionalismo pós-nacional, que mesmo profundamente desafiado, tem, nos seus próprios elementos fundantes – Paz, Direitos Humanos e Democracia-, condições de reafirmar sua centralidade para um projeto civilizatório que ainda se institui em busca das promessas da modernidade, mas, para tanto, devem perquirir formas alternativas de legitimidade que, atentas ao diálogo transconstitucional, também projetem a Sociedade Civil ao cenário pós-nacional. / This doctoral thesis addresses the problem of constitutionalism in an era of globalization. Based on the philosophical and methodological contribution of Gadamer’s hermeneutics, the text is written mirroring the principles of dialectics. The chapters are articulated in twos, comprised of a landscape with many shades overlapping between opposites. The first chapter refers to the pillars of the liberal state of law. In the second chapter, we indicate the conformation of the political and social democratic state of law, inaugurated under its own designs as a result of the interaction between state, constitution and civil society. Departing from the principle that the genesis of constitutionalism has its basis in the national state, they are now being challenged by the new post-national dynamics, or rather by globalization, understood as the contemporary zeitgeist. Globalization is discussed in the next two chapters. The third chapter characterizes globalization as a descending and hegemonic process, while the fourth chapter reveals its ascending aspects through the theme of human rights and the universalization of a global civil society. The fifth chapter focuses on constitutionalism and offers a doctrinaire reading about it by having, on one hand, the dynamics of the internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionalization of international law, on the other. Lastly, some constraints of post-national constitutionalism begin to be defined. Even deeply challenged, post-nationalism has, in its own founding elements - peace, human rights and democracy - conditions to reassert its centrality to a civilizing project that is still based on the philosophical assumptions of modernity and on the expectations arising from it. To meet this end, however, alternative forms of legitimacy should be sought: they must not only draw attention to a transconstitutional dialogue, but also project civil society into a post-national scene.

<p>The focus of this essay is set on a number of processes that affect the challenges of the tourist trade, to be more precise – an analysis of the attitudes towards tourism and sustainability within this line of business – from an ethical and moral as well as social view. These issues are examined with reference to the concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Thus, acquaintance with theories of social constructivism, post colonialism, globalisation and global civil society is essential in order to understand the analysed material. The essay is mainly based on the outcome of qualitative interviews with various kinds of persons working with CSR related questions. Another material source has been the websites of a number of tour operators. The method used is the critical discourse analyse. The material presents a few specific themes:</p><p>”Confusion of ideas”, ”The experience of being examined in your branch of business”, ”For whom is this any good – who cares?”, ”To feel involved and participate” and ”Co-operation – the right track to follow”. By giving emphasis to the complexity of the work concerning CSR issues related to the travel industry the author of this essay tries to increase the understanding of the challenges that face the tourist trade.</p>

<p>This study investigates how different kinds of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), operating in different national political contexts, perceive and use the Internet as a political space. The political space concept, as defined here, encompasses two dimensions of Internet use: one external, where organisations use the Internet for online activism and campaigning, and one internal, signifying organisational use of the Internet to promote engagement and interactivity with members and/or supporters. Another question raised is whether Internet use for political purposes by NGOs varies between different national political contexts. Moreover, do the organisations believe that the Internet has affected their political influence to any extent? The empirical data consist of the results of two surveys, one directed primarily to American NGOs, the other explicitly comparative, analysing NGOs in Sweden and the USA. Furthermore, content analyses of NGO websites have been conducted and additive indexes constructed. The findings of the study suggest that, overall, the Internet is most important to the studied organisations as a space for external political initiatives. There were, however, important differences in this regard, which could be related to the organisations’ national political contexts. For example, the American NGOs have oriented their websites primarily towards relatively superficial forms of member involvement, while the Swedish NGOs provided more interactive grassroots features on their websites. Regarding political influence, the Internet arguably has the potential to make the most dramatic difference by reinforcing the organisations’ offline political activities. The present results indicate that, despite the possible converging effect of the Internet on NGO political activism, national political culture exerts an inescapable influence on how the Internet is used as a political space by the studied organisations.</p>

The focus of this essay is set on a number of processes that affect the challenges of the tourist trade, to be more precise – an analysis of the attitudes towards tourism and sustainability within this line of business – from an ethical and moral as well as social view. These issues are examined with reference to the concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Thus, acquaintance with theories of social constructivism, post colonialism, globalisation and global civil society is essential in order to understand the analysed material. The essay is mainly based on the outcome of qualitative interviews with various kinds of persons working with CSR related questions. Another material source has been the websites of a number of tour operators. The method used is the critical discourse analyse. The material presents a few specific themes: ”Confusion of ideas”, ”The experience of being examined in your branch of business”, ”For whom is this any good – who cares?”, ”To feel involved and participate” and ”Co-operation – the right track to follow”. By giving emphasis to the complexity of the work concerning CSR issues related to the travel industry the author of this essay tries to increase the understanding of the challenges that face the tourist trade.

This study investigates how different kinds of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), operating in different national political contexts, perceive and use the Internet as a political space. The political space concept, as defined here, encompasses two dimensions of Internet use: one external, where organisations use the Internet for online activism and campaigning, and one internal, signifying organisational use of the Internet to promote engagement and interactivity with members and/or supporters. Another question raised is whether Internet use for political purposes by NGOs varies between different national political contexts. Moreover, do the organisations believe that the Internet has affected their political influence to any extent? The empirical data consist of the results of two surveys, one directed primarily to American NGOs, the other explicitly comparative, analysing NGOs in Sweden and the USA. Furthermore, content analyses of NGO websites have been conducted and additive indexes constructed. The findings of the study suggest that, overall, the Internet is most important to the studied organisations as a space for external political initiatives. There were, however, important differences in this regard, which could be related to the organisations’ national political contexts. For example, the American NGOs have oriented their websites primarily towards relatively superficial forms of member involvement, while the Swedish NGOs provided more interactive grassroots features on their websites. Regarding political influence, the Internet arguably has the potential to make the most dramatic difference by reinforcing the organisations’ offline political activities. The present results indicate that, despite the possible converging effect of the Internet on NGO political activism, national political culture exerts an inescapable influence on how the Internet is used as a political space by the studied organisations.

Orientador: Flávia de Campos Mello. / Banca: Reginaldo Mattar Nasser / Banca: Rafael Duarte Villa / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituido em parceria co Unesp/Unicamp/PUC_SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: O trabalho retrata a diversificação do debate sobre "sociedade civil global" e sobre a ação política não-estatal além das fronteiras na literatura recente no campo das Relações Internacionais. O interesse no tema por parte de uma crescente gama de perspectivas teóricas reflete debates mais amplos em torno de conceitos que, ao lado da idéia de "sociedade civil global", surgiram na disciplina a partir do início dos anos 1990. Apresenta-se como cenário desta pluralização a insuficiência da literatura de inspiração liberal para explicar a permanência das desigualdades e hierarquias de poder no sistema mundial. Parte do imaginário positivo associado à "sociedade civil global" reside na idéia de que a perda de autonomia em âmbito doméstico - causada pelos processos de "globalização" - poderia ser compensada com o ativismo transnacional e/ou global, ou seja, na idéia de reformular a mediação entre universalidade/particularidade, formalizada na constituição das fronteiras modernas. Desse modo, o objetivo é estabelecer diálogos entre as várias perspectivas e mapear estas discussões tanto no que se refere aos atores e processos diretamente envolvidos na ação política não-estatal transnacional, quanto apontar sua inserção no debate teórico sobre as transposições de fronteiras, rearticulações das relações entre o doméstico e o internacional e a idéia de constituição de um campo político "global" / Abstract: This research shows the diversification of the debate on "global civil society" and the non-state political action beyond borders in the recent International Relations literature. The interest of an increasing variety of theoretical perspectives on these issues reflects wider debates on the concepts that - as the idea of "global civil society" - have emerged in the discipline since the beginning of the 1990s. The insufficiencies of liberal-oriented literature to explain the maintenance of inequalities and power hierarchies in the world system is the background to this diversification. Part of the positive image associated to a "global civil society" lies on the idea that the lost of autonomy in domestic realm - engendered by the globalization processes - could be counterbalanced with the transnational/global activism, that is to say in the idea of reformulating the mediation between universality/particularity formalized by the constitution of modern political boundaries. The objective is establishing dialogues between these variety of perspectives and mapping these discussions, not only in relation to the actors and process directly involved in the transnational political action, but also shedding light in their intersection with the wider and more theoretical debate on the problem of borders, of mediation / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 budini_tf_me_mar.pdf: 514083 bytes, checksum: 9ba3fc940ec356af624fc1b728a12d46 (MD5) / O trabalho retrata a diversificação do debate sobre “sociedade civil global” e sobre a ação política não-estatal além das fronteiras na literatura recente no campo das Relações Internacionais. O interesse no tema por parte de uma crescente gama de perspectivas teóricas reflete debates mais amplos em torno de conceitos que, ao lado da idéia de “sociedade civil global”, surgiram na disciplina a partir do início dos anos 1990. Apresenta-se como cenário desta pluralização a insuficiência da literatura de inspiração liberal para explicar a permanência das desigualdades e hierarquias de poder no sistema mundial. Parte do imaginário positivo associado à “sociedade civil global” reside na idéia de que a perda de autonomia em âmbito doméstico - causada pelos processos de “globalização” - poderia ser compensada com o ativismo transnacional e/ou global, ou seja, na idéia de reformular a mediação entre universalidade/particularidade, formalizada na constituição das fronteiras modernas. Desse modo, o objetivo é estabelecer diálogos entre as várias perspectivas e mapear estas discussões tanto no que se refere aos atores e processos diretamente envolvidos na ação política não-estatal transnacional, quanto apontar sua inserção no debate teórico sobre as transposições de fronteiras, rearticulações das relações entre o doméstico e o internacional e a idéia de constituição de um campo político “global” / This research shows the diversification of the debate on “global civil society” and the non-state political action beyond borders in the recent International Relations literature. The interest of an increasing variety of theoretical perspectives on these issues reflects wider debates on the concepts that – as the idea of “global civil society” – have emerged in the discipline since the beginning of the 1990s. The insufficiencies of liberal-oriented literature to explain the maintenance of inequalities and power hierarchies in the world system is the background to this diversification. Part of the positive image associated to a “global civil society” lies on the idea that the lost of autonomy in domestic realm – engendered by the globalization processes – could be counterbalanced with the transnational/global activism, that is to say in the idea of reformulating the mediation between universality/particularity formalized by the constitution of modern political boundaries. The objective is establishing dialogues between these variety of perspectives and mapping these discussions, not only in relation to the actors and process directly involved in the transnational political action, but also shedding light in their intersection with the wider and more theoretical debate on the problem of borders, of mediation

In the last few years, migration towards Europe has intensified as a result of poverty and war in other parts of the world. Now, the European Union finds itself in a “refugee crisis” that has brought about contrasting reactions from within European societies. While many civil society organizations have mobilized for the inclusion of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, governments have increasingly focused on restricting access and limiting their numbers. This study seeks to understand and explain the role of civil society in the refugee crisis. To this end, citizenship and framing theories are applied to the case of the Swedish Red Cross. Specific “acts of citizenship” carried out by the Red Cross in Sweden, and in Europe more generally, are analyzed. The study’s findings suggest that this civil society organization/movement acts as both a “denationalizing” (Sassen 2002) and a “post-nationalizing” (Bosniak 2006) force as it pushes the boundaries of citizenship from within and beyond the borders of the nation-state. It does this by calling upon international humanitarian and human rights laws and principles and by positioning itself inside and outside the political system at the same time.

The diploma thesis presents an alternative to the traditional representation of terrorism in the field of international relations. Terrorism is interpreted through the Fukuyamian-Hegelian prism of thymos, which allows it to be integrated into the framework of an anormatively defined global civil society. On a strategic-tactical level contemporary terrorism is identified with guerilla. On these foundations new primary and secondary categories for terrorism analysis are laid out, and possibilities of optimizing its strategies and tactics are suggested. The attention is then focused on the overlaps of such alternative conception on states - which so gain new possibilities in counter-strategies, adoption of methods or silent cooperation - and the non-governmental organizations. Both the analytical and political applications of the proposed approach are demonstrated in the two appendices to the thesis.