This Doctoral thesis is focused on research of usability hardwood that is not used in structural engineering nowadays. Analysis of known hardwood properties and its verification by experiment was made. Mathematic analysis using the PROMETHEE method was used for most suitable hardwood species selection in the Central Europe conditions. The most suitable hardwood – beech – was subjected for further tests: finger-joint load bearing capacity experiment and beech homogenous and hybrid glulam experiment. The test results are compared with the values from professional literature.

Land and water resources degradation are the major problems on the Ethiopian highlands. Poor land use practices and improper management systems have played a significant role in causing high soil erosion rates, sediment transport and loss of agricultural nutrients. So far limited meas-ures have been taken to combat the problems. In this study a physically based watershed model, SWAT2005 was applied to the Northern Highlands of Ethiopia for modelling of the hydrology and sediment yield. The main objective of this study was to test the performance and feasibility of SWAT2005 model to examine the influence of topography, land use, soil and climatic condi-tion on streamflows, soil erosion and sediment yield. The model was calibrated and validated on four tributaries of Lake Tana as well as Anjeni watershed using SUFI-2, GLUE and ParaSol algo-rithms. SWAT and GIS based decision support system (MCE analysis) were also used to identify the most erosion prone areas in the Lake Tana Basin. Streamflows are more sensitive to the hy-drological response unites definition thresholds than subbasin discretization. Prediction of sedi-ment yield is highly sensitive to subbasin size and slope discretization. Baseflow is an important component of the total discharge within the study area that contributes more than the surface runoff. There is a good agreement between the measured and simulated flows and sediment yields with higher values of coefficients of determination and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency. The an-nual average measured sediment yield in Anjeni watershed was 24.6 tonnes/ha. The annual aver-age simulated sediment yield was 27.8 and 29.5 tonnes/ha for calibration and validation periods, respectively. The SWAT model indicated that 18.5 % of the Lake Tana Basin is erosion potential areas. Whereas the MCE result indicated that 25.5 % of the basin are erosion potential areas. The calibrated model can be used for further analysis of the effect of climate and land use change as well as other different management scenarios on streamflows and soil erosion. The result of the study could help different stakeholders to plan and implement appropriate soil and water conser-vation strategies. / QC 20101123

Interest in the use of mass timber in building and construction is growing worldwide, this is due to the structural integrity and reduced environmental footprint of timber-based structures. Concerns associated with the biological and environmental degradation of mass timber necessitate the development of adequate protection strategies to ensure the durability of these products. Preservative treatment is a proven technique that increases the durability and performance of wood in-service and can also be applied to large-sized timber panels such as cross-laminated timber (CLT). Therefore, this study focused on investigating the feasibility of treating prefabricated 3- and 5-layer CLT panels with Copper-azole type C (CA-C) and micronized copper azole (MCA) preservatives. Further, we studied the effects of panel layup and thickness on the preservative impregnation in CLT. Based on the experimental results, we found adequate preservative penetration and retention in the treated 3- and 5-layer CLT panels, particularly in CA-C treated panels. Also, the lengthwise layup shows better treatment results in both CA-C and MCA-treated panels. In addition to the preservative-treatment of CLT panels, this dissertation covers the development of lignin-reinforced polyurethane adhesive (PUR) for bonding glue-laminated timber (Glulam). Herein, the glulam were fabricated and bonded using lignin-reinforced PUR at different wt% (1, 2, and 3) and tested for shear strength, wood failure and delamination. The lignin-treated PUR samples showed improved adhesion properties via high shear strength and reduced delamination compared to the control specimens. Thus, the lignin-reinforced PUR adhesive shows great potential as a bio-based and environment-friendly wood adhesive for producing glulam used in structural applications.

The productivity of agricultural and forest ecosystems in regions at higher latitudes is to a large extent governed by low temperature and moisture conditions. Environmental conditions are acting both above- and below-ground and regulating carbon fluxes and evapotranspiration. However, the understanding of various feedbacks between vegetation and environmental conditions is still unclear. In this thesis, two studies were conducted to understand the physical and biological processes. In the first study, the aim was to simulate soil temperature and moisture dynamics in the bare soil with seasonal frost conditions in China. In the second study, the aims were to model seasonal courses of carbon and evapotranspiration and to examine the responses of photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration on environmental conditions in a boreal Scots pine ecosystem in Finland. In both studies the CoupModel was applied to simulate the dynamic responses of the systems. Both sites represented investigations from which a high number of measurements were available. To understand to what extent the data could be used to increase the understanding of the systems, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) was applied. The GLUE method was useful to reduce basic uncertainties with respect to parameter ranges, model structures and measurements. The strong interactions between soil temperature and moisture processes have indicated by a few behavioral models obtained when constrained by combined temperature and moisture criteria. Model performance on sensible and latent heat fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) also indicated the coupled processes within the system. Seasonal and diurnal courses were reproduced successfully with reduced parameter ranges. However, uncertainties on what is the most general regulation for transpiration and NEE are still unclear and need further systematic investigations. / QC 20101206

Исследовано влияние состояния поверхностей оптических сборок склеенных из стекол ЛК7 и ТФ7 на технические характеристики сборок, склеенных клеем «Бальзамин М», при воздействии различных климатических условий, их деформации, а также на прочность клеевого соединения при равномерном отрыве сборок, изготовленных из стекла К8, склеенных клеем «Бальзамин М». / The influence of the state of the surfaces of optical assemblies glued from LK7 and TF7 glasses on the technical characteristics of assemblies glued with "Balzamin M" glue, under the influence of various climatic conditions, their deformation, as well as on the strength of the adhesive bond with uniform tearing of assemblies made of K8 glass glued with "Balzamin M" glue.

Dans le domaine des Lab-on-a-chip (LOC), la géométrie des canaux d'une puce microfluidique est souvent spécifique à la réalisation d'un protocole donné. La géométrie d'une puce est définie à l'étape de conception, avant les étapes de fabrication (généralement longues et coûteuses), et ne peut être modifiée a posteriori. Ce constat devient problématique lorsque la géométrie ne répond pas de façon satisfaisante au cahier des charges et qu'un nouveau lot de fabrication doit être démarré afin de redimensionner la puce. Pour pallier cet inconvénient, nous proposons de développer des puces microfluidiques génériques dont la géométrie est programmable et reconfigurable. Ce concept s'appuie largement sur les deux techniques de microfluidique digitale, l'électromouillage sur diélectrique (EWOD) et la diélectrophorèse liquide (LDEP). La première voie d'étude se concentre sur la technique de microfluidique LDEP. Tout d'abord, un modèle électromécanique, décrivant les comportements des liquides lors d'actionnements par LDEP ou EWOD, est établi. Ce modèle sert ensuite de base pour la conception et la fabrication de designs LDEP. Ces derniers sont testés afin d'identifier les géométries et les empilements technologiques, offrant des actionnements LDEP optimisés. L'étude, qui prend en compte un grand nombre de paramètres, montre que, avec des configurations et conditions spécifiques, les actionnements de liquide par LDEP offrent des performances égales, a minima, sur certains points, et supérieures sur d'autres par rapport à l'ensemble des études reportées dans la littérature. Enfin, un protocole de fonctionnalisation de surface par des spots de polymère de quelques microns à plusieurs dizaines de microns de diamètre, utilisant la technologie LDEP, est décrit. Cette méthode est susceptible de concurrencer directement les méthodes de fonctionnalisation classiques. La seconde voie d'étude traite du concept de géométrie programmable et reconfigurable, à l'aide de plateformes microfluidiques couplant les effets LDEP et EWOD. Dans un premier temps, les plateformes en configuration " ouverte " permettent de produire des moules à géométrie programmable pour la réalisation de puces microfluidiques en PDMS. Les résultats de cette étude prometteuse aboutissent, entre autres, à la réalisation de géométries de canaux complexes et typiques dans le domaine de la microfluidique (jonctions en " T " et valves de type " Quake "). Dans un second temps, les résultats les plus aboutis de ce manuscrit sont exposés à propos du concept de géométrie programmable et reconfigurable en utilisant de la paraffine. Un protocole spécifique, exploitant judicieusement les déplacements de liquides par EWOD et LDEP, donne lieu à la fabrication d'un grand nombre de puces microfluidiques, comportant des géométries de canaux complexes et variées. Dans les deux cas, un grand nombre de géométries peut être généré a à partir d'une seule plateforme microfluidique digitale générique. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent des perspectives de travail originales et prometteuses, dont certaines d'entre elles sont abordées en marge des objectifs initiaux. La première se trouve dans la continuité du concept de géométrie programmable et reconfigurable, en proposant une technologie à bas coût (substrat souple en Kapton et impression d'électrodes avec de l'encre conductrice). La seconde perspective instruit la compatibilité des technologies comportant des structures résonantes de type MEMS et des structures métalliques LDEP (en polysilicium) à l'échelle submicronique. / In the field of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems, the channel geometry of a microfluidic chip is often specific to perform a given protocol. The chip geometry is hence defined at the design step, before the fabrication steps (generally time consuming and expensive) and cannot be thereafter modified. This fact becomes an issue when the geometry does not fit satisfactorily to the specifications and a new batch of fabrication has to be started, to size afresh the microfluidic chip. To overcome this inconvenient we propose to develop a new generation of microfluidic chips with a programmable and reconfigurable geometry. This concept is widely based on both digital microfluidic techniques, the electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD) and the liquid dielectrophoresis (LDEP) actuations. The first investigation is focused on the microfluidic technique LDEP. First, an electromechanical model for liquids behaviours during a EWOD or LDEP actuation is established. This model is then used as a basis for the LDEP patterns design and fabrication. The LDEP patterns are tested to identify the geometries and dielectric layers stacks which give optimized LDEP actuations. By taking into account a broad parameters range, the study shows that, within a precise setup and specific conditions, the LDEP actuations can have equal performances at the minimum, or better performances than those reported in the overall scientific literature until now. Finally, a surface functionalization protocol by polymer spots (diameter size ranging from a few microns to several dozens of microns) utilizing the LDEP technology is described. This method is likely to compete directly with the standard functionalization tools. The second investigation is dealing with the programmable and reconfigurable geometry concept, thanks to microfluidic platforms which get together both EWOD and LDEP technologies on a same component. Firstly, the microfluidic platform in a single plate configuration allows providing master molds with a programmable geometry for the PDMS microfluidic chip fabrication. The results about this promising study lead to the processing of complex channels geometries, typically used in the microfluidic field. Secondly, the more exciting results are exposed about the programmable and reconfigurable microfluidic concept, by using advantageously the paraffin material. A specific protocol which takes advantages of LDEP and EWOD liquids displacements produces a lot of various and different microfluidic chips with complex channels shapes. For both applications, a single generic microfluidic platform can generate a wide number of different geometries, which can be modified partially or totally thereafter. The obtained results open up novel and promising work prospects, which one of them are approached on the fringe of the initial purposes. The first one belongs to the continuity of the programmable and reconfigurable by suggesting a low cost technology based on flexible Kapton substrate and inkjet printing of silver nanoparticules. The second one investigates the technologies compatibility between MEMS/NEMS resonating structures and LDEP metal structures (in polysilicon) at the submicronic scale.

The content of the master´s thesis is new building sports hall of ball sports. This building has contains no cellar and three above-ground floors. In ground floor, there are playing area, changing rooms, relevant functional facilities including utility rooms. The first floor is completely reserved for spectators, there are tribune for sitting spectators, gallery for standing spectators, hygienic rooms and buffet for spectators. In the third floor, there are rooms for VIP spectators, briefing room, head office of sports hall including conference room, spaces for TV transmission, hygienic rooms and utility room. Object is based on concrete foundation pads and strips foundation. Structural system of the object is combination of column system from cast-inplace reinforced concrete and wall system from brickwork. Floor structures over above the first and second floor are designed as castin- place reinforced concrete, floor structure above the third floor is folded from wood beams. Loadbearing structure of roof is system of glue laminated timber girders, roof cladding is mechanically anchored.

The aim of this master thesis is to design and check a bearing structure of The multifunctional center in Jihlava. A bulding is partly ground flooring. The structure follows an L-curve in a plan with the biggest axial lenght of 40 m. A roofing is in a shed shape and the pitch of the roof is 5,73°. The highest point of the bearnig structure is 11,5 m. The structure has various frame systems, which is a truss, a gross-cross section beam with an inner column in the middle of a span and a gross-cross section beam without an inner column. The structure is designed mainly from timber members, a glulam and solid timber. A steel part of structure consists of the metal fasteners and rods.

The goal of this diploma thesis is designed and reviewed the roof of the timber construction of sports structure, the span is 50 m and the length is 90 m. The design of the structure is located in Ústí nad Orlicí. The shape of the hall is arc sector. The structure is designed from glue laminated timber, solid timber and steel load bearing elements. The main load bearing elements are truss girders, which static function as two hinged arch. The stability of the girders is ensured by purlins, transverse stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners. The stiffeners are situated in five fields. Front sides are made by girts and truss columns.

The topic of my diploma thesis is a design of a construction of a multipurpose building. The floor plan is of irregular shape with a maximal span of 35 metres. There are two buildings in shape of a hexagon, to which another building in shape of a half of a hexagon is connected. Part of the building is designed as a two-storey building and all parts are different in height. The hight of the designed building in its highest point is 13,5 metres. The load-bearing structure consists of glued laminated wood elements and raised wood with steel elements used as fasteners. The construction is designed alternatively from wood and steel. The static solution was made using the RFEM software.