This study examines psychotherapy response in connection to treatment duration and maintenance of treatment gains. The dose-effect perspective (Howard et al. 1986) first proposed applying medical terminology to investigate a level of exposure to a dose of psychotherapy (in number of sessions) where individuals can expect to receive sufficient benefit (i.e., 48 -- 58% of clients can be expected to sufficiently benefit from therapy by 8 sessions). The proponents of the Good Enough Level (Barkham et at. 2006) argued that mere exposure to therapy is not an effective measure for client benefit, but rather that client responses to therapy vary. They contend that instead of recommendations for attending a certain number of sessions (dose-effect) that individuals who attend psychotherapy will discontinue attending therapy when they have obtained sufficient benefit (good enough level). Archival data of university students who previously attended individual therapy were obtained and subjects were contacted via email to take a survey and follow up measure of general well being. Those individuals who completed the Outcome Questionnaire-45 were selected for the study and their treatment response was analyzed in connection to treatment duration measured in number of sessions attended. 288 met criteria for the current study, consisting of 197 women and 91 men ranging in age from 17 to 52 (M= 21). Conclusions obtained from this study indicate that treatment duration is not a factor in subjects having positive outcomes to psychotherapy. Additionally, there was not a significant difference among subjects who were able to maintain treatment gains and the number of session attended in treatment. These results offer support for the Good Enough Level model of treatment response suggesting that individuals respond to therapy differently and discontinue when they have received sufficient benefit. Implications for these findings are discussed along with limitations of the current study.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a presença da figura do professor de Educação Física nas narrativas biográficas de atletas olímpicos brasileiros. Para tanto foi utilizado o acervo do banco de histórias da pesquisa Memórias Olímpicas por Atletas Olímpicos Brasileiros, alimentado por dados objetivos e subjetivos, extraídos da fala de atletas de diferentes gerações olímpicas. Participam dessa reflexão três atletas e dois professores cuja relação tem início na escola e dali seguem para uma carreira olímpica no atletismo e no voleibol. A partir da leitura das narrativas dos atletas olímpicos, percebe-se como a figura do professor de Educação Física transpõe o papel de orientador, treinador e técnico. Esse profissional influenciou o processo de \'encantamento\' e formação daqueles que decidiram fazer da prática esportiva e do sonho olímpico companheiros de uma longa jornada cheia de desafios. Nestas narrativas é encontrado um professor inesquecível, lembrado de maneira carinhosa, por mediar de forma equilibrada o conteúdo pedagógico e a relação dos aspectos afetivos, tão caros à aprendizagem. A relação entre professor e aluno é permeada de cuidados, olhares de atenção para proporcionar um bom desenvolvimento do aluno, que caminha para transformá-lo no escritor de sua própria história. Por isso, ele é aqui chamado de professor suficientemente bom, e como parte do desenvolvimento do self, este professor também tem passagem marcante nos períodos mutativos, momentos esses decisivos para transformações vitais, de tal ordem a poder mudar radicalmente o significado e a direção da história de uma vida. Este momento se assemelha ao instante do encontro entre o Mestre e o discípulo, no qual o mestre que incita, desperta o discípulo a superar as suas limitações, como também a atrever-se nos caminhos nada precisos da reflexão pessoal, do crescimento / This research aimed to investigate the Physical Education teacher presence in the Brazilian Olympics\' Athlete biographical narratives. In order to do so, we used the collection of stories from the Olympic Memories research by Brazilian Olympic Athletes, fed by objective and subjective data, extracted from the speech of different Olympic\'s athletes generations. Three athletes and two teachers whose relationship begins in school and from there follow for an Olympic career in athletics and volleyball. From the reading of the narratives of the Olympic Athletes, one can see how the figure of the Physical Education teacher transposes the role of advisor, coach and technician. This professional influenced the process of \'enchantment\' and training of those who decided to make sport practice and the Olympic dream companions of a long journey full of challenges. In these narratives is found an unforgettable teacher, affectionately remembered, for mediating in a balanced way the pedagogical content and the relation of affective aspects, so dear to learning. The relationship between teacher and student is permeated with care, looks of attention to provide a good development of the student, who walks to turn him into the writer of his own history. Therefore, he is here called a good enough teacher, and as part of the development of the self, this teacher also has a marked passage in the mutative periods, which are decisive moments for vital transformations, in order to be able to radically change the meaning and direction of the story of a lifetime. This moment is similar to the moment of the encounter between the Master and the disciple, in which the teacher who incites the pupil awakens the disciple to overcome his limitations, as well as to dare in the precise ways of personal reflection, of growth

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Ianzini Carnielli.pdf: 228958 bytes, checksum: 5557e6e228a2c765e298a48125626f7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Nowadays depression appears as a major cause of emotional illness and is often associated with sadness, apathy and failure. From this perspective, introspection and withdrawn, which are often characterized as depressive movements, are not taken into account as necessary for elaborating real or imagined losses. From the point of view of DW Winnicott, to deal with the existing psychic challenges, facing situations that break the expectations and idealizations, it is necessary that the individual has surpassed the stage of concern, acquiring the ability to depress which the author relates to emotional maturity. This paper seeks to understand, in the context of motherhood, how the mother's ability to depress associates with the mother's capacity to elaborate the negative aspects regarding the hospitalization of her baby in a Neonatal ICU and, thus, be able to play the role of a good enough mother. For this, a comparative case study was performed between a mother able to develop normal depression, in contrast to other cases (submitted through clinical vignettes) of mothers with difficulties or inability in achieving this process / Na atualidade a depressão aparece como uma das maiores causas de adoecimento emocional e frequentemente é associada à tristeza, à apatia e ao fracasso. A partir dessa perspectiva, os movimentos introspectivos e de retraimento, que muitas vezes se caracterizam como movimentos depressivos, não são levados em conta como necessários à elaboração de perdas reais ou imaginárias. Do ponto de vista de D. W. Winnicott, para fazer frente aos desafios psíquicos existentes diante de situações que quebrem com as expectativas e idealizações é necessário que o indivíduo tenha passado pelo estágio do concern, quando adquire a capacidade para deprimir, relacionada pelo autor ao amadurecimento emocional. O presente trabalho busca compreender, no contexto da maternidade, de que forma a capacidade materna de deprimir se associa à possibilidade de a mãe elaborar os aspectos negativos referentes à internação de seu bebê em uma UTI Neonatal e, assim, poder vir a desempenhar o papel da mãe suficientemente boa. Para tanto, realiza um estudo de caso comparativo entre uma mãe capaz de depressão normal, contrapondo-o a outros casos (apresentados por meio de vinhetas clínicas) de mães com dificuldades ou incapacidade na realização desse processo

This study treats the problems that the social worker (the child welfare worker) is faced with, when deciding to take a child into compulsory care. Empirical data (with particulars of the children and parents involved) covering the public child care at a local authority, was collected from its records and by means of interviews. Data concerning the social workers was obtained through observation, interviews and questionnaires. Out of 166 new child care clients during one year, 77%were teenagers, and nine out of ten children taken into care were adolescents.Taking up a position in child care cases and making decisions about courses of action were mostly difficult or even painful for the social worker. The decision to take a child into care was considered the hardest task in social work.The social worker's dilemma is created by the requirements of the law that any decision to take a child into care should be based on satisfactory predictions of the consequences for the child.The social worker's agony arises out of her attempts to motivate such predictions when in fact she is convinced, through experience,that very few, if any, of the consequences can be safely established.Empirical data showed that motivations of the decisions given in the investigation for the court were often vague and implicit. This may be explained by referring to the emotionally experienced conflict between prediction and subsumption.In other empirical data social workers described their anxiety when handling cases where children are taken into care. This may be analysed as 'the agony of decision-making', caused by their choice between alternative courses of action, and 'the agony of separation' brought about by the social worker's identification either with the child or with its parents.The proposed model for decision-making aims to reduce the social worker's agony, by shifting some of her burden of responsibility over to the society. This is achieved by letting the grounds for a decision to take a child into care rest explicitly on the principia of subsumption. The social worker's task is thereby limited to assessments of the child's present situation. Three criteria of assessment, child abuse, sexual abuse and 'Good-Enough Parenting' are suggested. The study points out the importance of specifying what is counted as 'Good-Enough Parenting'. / digitalisering@umu

Familj har historiskt sett konstruerats och framställts som mamma, pappa, barn, vilket har standardiserat en samhällsnorm om den ideala familjen. Det finns normer och föreställningar om vad som är ett bra föräldraskap och vilka förmågor en förälder ska ha. En kärnuppgift för socialsekreterare i barnutredningar är att göra riskbedömningar och bedöma föräldraförmåga. En kartläggning från 2021 visade att det fanns brister i två tredjedelar av ärendena gällande barn. Syftet med denna studie är att få en fördjupad förståelse för socialsekreterares tolkningar av det goda, det bristande och det ”tillräckligt bra” föräldraskapet i barnutredningar. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har sex socialsekreterare fått ta del av en vinjett att resonera kring i enskilda intervjuer. Datamaterialet har sedan analyserats i relation till tidigare forskning och med socialkonstruktivism som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultatet visade att bedömningar av föräldraförmåga är ett komplext arbete. Deltagarna lyfter svårigheterna med att applicera begreppet ”tillräckligt bra” i praktiken. Det arbete som görs då föräldraförmåga bedöms kategoriseras som ett socialt hantverk. Resultatet belyste även en organisatorisk komplexitet som innebär att utredningar görs av socialsekreterare men fastställande om ingripande insatser beslutas av annan part baserat på socialsekreterarnas subjektiva utredningar. / Historically family has been constructed and presented as mother, father, child, which has standardized a societal norm as the ideal family. There are norms and perceptions of what constitutes good parenting and what abilities a good parent should have. A core task for social workers in child investigations is to make risk-assessments and assess parenting ability. A mapping from 2021 showed that there were shortcomings in two thirds of cases concerning children. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of social workers' interpretations of the good, the deficient and the "good enough" parenting in child investigations. To answer the questions of the study, six social workers were given a vignette to resonate about in individual interviews. The collected material was analyzed along with previous research and social constructivism as a theoretical perspective. The results showed that assessing parental abilities is a complex work. The participants highlight the difficulties of practically applying “good enough” in their work. Assessing parental abilities is categorized as a social craft. The results also highlighted an organizational complexity, as assessments are performed by social workers whereas decisions about interventions are decided by another part, however based on their subjective investigations.

[pt] O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar sobre a clínica dos casos-limite numa perspectiva psicanalítica, por meio de uma revisão de literatura. Esses sujeitos revelam uma marcante precariedade no que se refere à construção dos limites intersubjetivos, configurando uma difícil relação interpessoal ao longo da vida. São pacientes que exigem do psicanalista uma atenção em relação a técnica empregada e um olhar para as primeiras relações de objeto. Assim, em um primeiro momento, utilizamos das contribuições técnicas e teóricas de Sigmund Freud no atendimento em casos de neurose de transferência, isto é, pacientes onde o sintoma se configura a partir do recalque, que vão orientar uma técnica que se convencionou a chamar de clássica. São sujeitos que não se enquadram como casos-limite. Em seguida, colhemos as contribuições de Sándor Ferenczi sobre a clínica dos casos graves, valorizando o tato do analista, sua sensibilidade e elasticidade da técnica. Por fim, com Donald Woods Winnicott, abordamos alguns aspectos fundamentais como os primórdios da constituição psíquica e as relações objetais primárias, assim como o brincar e a regressão à dependência no setting, posto que são elementos centrais que nos ajudam a pensar a clínica dos casos-limite por uma outra dimensão que não a técnica clássica. Nesse trajeto, é possível destacar o holding frente aos impasses e desafios na clínica desses casos na contemporaneidade. / [en] The aim of this research was to study the clinical practice of the borderline cases in a psychoanalyst perspective, based on a literature review. These individuals reveal an important fragility related to intersubjective boundaries, which results in a difficult interpersonal relationship throughout life. They are patients who demand from the analyst a close attention of the technique used, and also a look at the first objects relations. Thus, at first, we used all Sigmund Freud s technical and theoretical background in clinical care of transference neurosis, that is, patients where the symptom is formedfrom repression, that will guide a technique that is conventionally called classic. They are subjects that do not fit asborderline cases. Then we extracted the corpus of Sándor Ferenczi in terms of the clinic of severe cases, in which, we value the analyst experience and sensibility, and the technique versatility. At last, based on Donald Woods Winnicott, we address some fundamental aspects such as the beginnings of the psychic constitution and the primary object relations, as well as the play and the regression of dependency in the setting, since they are central elements that help us to think about the clinic of borderline cases from a different perspective other than the classic techniques. Along this path, it is possible to highlight the holding in the view of the impasses and challenges of this cases on the contemporary clinic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MARLENE PEREIRA DA ROCHA.pdf: 879286 bytes, checksum: ed834abe41f5b18d7056f9cc8a587300 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-21 / Essa dissertação tem por objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a constituição da maternidade, segundo o médico pediatra e psicanalista inglês Donald W. Winnicott (1896 1971). Este trabalho aborda, a partir da teoria do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo ou amadurecimento pessoal, a importância da presença de uma mãe suficientemente boa na constituição do si mesmo, notadamente nos primórdios da vida do ser humano. No sentido de buscar uma compreensão da maternidade foi realizado um estudo sobre as tarefas do processo de amadurecimento inicial, a relevância do ambiente, assim como as questões relativas à formação da identidade feminina, os elementos feminino puro e masculino puro, como forma de relação de objetos. Levantou-se também a questão da dependência do indivíduo à mulher, e a genealogia feminina. Examina-se a constituição da maternidade como decorrência do processo de amadurecimento pessoal. A pesquisa buscou o entendimento de Winnicott acerca dos principais aspectos que envolvem a maternidade, tais como: gestação, parto e pós-parto; a relação inicial da dupla mãe-bebê, especialmente no momento da alimentação do bebê; a presença do pai e da madrasta, são também assuntos abordados no presente trabalho. A autora discute ainda os cuidados maternos, as falhas e a ausência de uma mãe suficientemente boa. A partir de uma reflexão sobre o pensamento winnicottiano acerca da relevância da maternidade e de cuidados suficientes bons, apresenta uma ilustração clínica que nos mostra a fragmentação do ser diante de situações ambientais adversas

Intensifying interventions to improve the quality of care that children receive from parents/ primary caregivers is mandated by several strategic objectives, such as the National Plan of Action for Children 2012-2017 (South Africa 2012), the White Paper on Families in South Africa (2013), and the Children’s Amendment Act 41 of 2007 (South Africa 2007). Parenting programmes remain popular parenting interventions (Daly, Bray, Bruckauf, Byrne, Margaria, Pecnik & Samms-Vaughan 2015:18; Richter & Naicker 2013:9) reporting outcomes of enhanced parent-child relationships, improved behaviour of children, and reduced parental stress. There is a concern that parenting programmes offered in South Africa lack evidence of their efficacy (Wessels 2012:9) and cultural and contextual relevance for the recipients (Begle, Lopez, Cappa, Dumas & de Arellano 2012:56; Richter & Naicker 2013:1). The study developed a locally specific parenting support intervention for parents/ primary caregivers living in the low-cost housing development of Welbedacht East using the Intervention Development Design model. Parents/ primary caregivers were involved throughout the study, contributing to the intervention’s applicability, as well as its contextual and cultural relevance. Bioecological and social inclusion theories framed the study. A qualitative research approach supported by an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used. Two purposive samples (parents/ primary caregivers and community champions) were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006) produced the findings that were presented at a consultation workshop attended by research participants and relevant stakeholders where the parameters of the intervention were determined. These were subsequently developed into the elements and intervention protocols by four indigenous community experts following the Delphi process. Lincoln and Guba’s (1985) approach to trustworthiness as presented by Porter (2007:85) and Thomas and Magilvy (2011:152) was used. Cultural competence was maintained throughout and ethical considerations were observed to circumvent harm to participants and uphold the integrity of the research process. The perceptions of the parents/ primary caregivers were consistent with scholarly indicators of ‘good enough’ parenting, but the contextual stressors they experienced challenges their ability to fulfil some of these indicators. An intervention was needed to increase parental capacity to improve parent-child relationships, cultivate life skills for improved psychological health, and advance the financial independence of parents. It was concluded that a parenting programme on its own would fail to address the most pressing needs of parents/ primary caregivers living in disadvantaged circumstances and custom-made parenting support interventions were needed to increase parental capacity to manage the structural challenges that compromised parenting, such as socioeconomic interventions of a social developmental nature. / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)