This thesis sets out a model to examine how the internet functions. 'The symbiotic web' suggests a symbiotic relationship between corporations that have built business models dependent upon the gathering of personal data from people, and the individuals themselves who have begun to rely on apparently 'free' services (from search to email, social networking to YouTube). Having set out the model, the thesis looks at its implications: how it has contributed to many, both the positive and negative, developments on the internet in recent years, but also driven the mass gathering, use and holding of personal data. The symbiotic web is currently essentially beneficial to both businesses and individuals, but there are significant risks attached - risks associated with the accumulation of data and risks that the symbiotic relationship could become negative and parasitic, putting individuals' privacy and autonomy at risk. The implications of this model are examined through the use of case studies: the dispute between Google and the Article 29 Working Party over data retention, Phorm's 'Webwise' behavioural targeting system, and a number of smaller case studies about data vulnerability from the HMRC data disc loss to the ACS:Law hack/leak. The thesis suggests the development and use of specific rights designed for the internet to address the associated risks: a 'right to roam the internet with privacy', a right to monitor those who monitor us, and a 'right to delete data'. These rights would be set out as principles rather than enacted and enforced as laws, and brought into play through Murray's model of symbiotic regulation. These rights would support the positive development of the web symbiosis and encourage and shape new business models that are more supportive of individual autonomy and privacy.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’analyse du réseau dirigé extrait de la structure des hyperliens deWikipédia. Notre objectif est de mesurer les interactions liant un sous-ensemble de pages duréseau Wikipédia. Par conséquent, nous proposons de tirer parti d’une nouvelle représentationmatricielle appelée matrice réduite de Google ou "reduced Google Matrix". Cette matrice réduitede Google (GR) est définie pour un sous-ensemble de pages donné (c-à-d un réseau réduit).Comme pour la matrice de Google standard, un composant de GR capture la probabilité que deuxnoeuds du réseau réduit soient directement connectés dans le réseau complet. Une desparticularités de GR est l’existence d’un autre composant qui explique la probabilité d’avoir deuxnoeuds indirectement connectés à travers tous les chemins possibles du réseau entier. Dans cettethèse, les résultats de notre étude de cas nous montrent que GR offre une représentation fiabledes liens directs et indirects (cachés). Nous montrons que l’analyse de GR est complémentaire àl’analyse de "PageRank" et peut être exploitée pour étudier l’influence d’une variation de lien surle reste de la structure du réseau. Les études de cas sont basées sur des réseaux Wikipédiaprovenant de différentes éditions linguistiques. Les interactions entre plusieurs groupes d’intérêtont été étudiées en détail : peintres, pays et groupes terroristes. Pour chaque étude, un réseauréduit a été construit. Les interactions directes et indirectes ont été analysées et confrontées à desfaits historiques, géopolitiques ou scientifiques. Une analyse de sensibilité est réalisée afin decomprendre l’influence des liens dans chaque groupe sur d’autres noeuds (ex : les pays dansnotre cas). Notre analyse montre qu’il est possible d’extraire des interactions précieuses entre lespeintres, les pays et les groupes terroristes. On retrouve par exemple, dans le réseau de peintresissu de GR, un regroupement des artistes par grand mouvement de l’histoire de la peinture. Lesinteractions bien connues entre les grands pays de l’UE ou dans le monde entier sont égalementsoulignées/mentionnées dans nos résultats. De même, le réseau de groupes terroristes présentedes liens pertinents en ligne avec leur idéologie ou leurs relations historiques ou géopolitiques.Nous concluons cette étude en montrant que l’analyse réduite de la matrice de Google est unenouvelle méthode d’analyse puissante pour les grands réseaux dirigés. Nous affirmons que cetteapproche pourra aussi bien s’appliquer à des données représentées sous la forme de graphesdynamiques. Cette approche offre de nouvelles possibilités permettant une analyse efficace desinteractions d’un groupe de noeuds enfoui dans un grand réseau dirigé

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate three web-based search engines and compare the 10 first retrieved documents. We used the search engines Google, Yahoo! and Exalead. The evaluation is based upon 20 topics with strong polarized opinions and these have been derived from Swedish media and every day life. From these topics we have constructed the 20 queries used for searching. The 10 first documents are each placed in four different categories, For, Against, Neutral or Irrelevant. For and Against are opposed to each other regarding different opinions in the 20 topics. The purpose of this is to get a picture of the different topics, seen through the three search engines. Does one of the categories weigh more heavily than the other, represented in the 10 first documents? If this is the case, does the same category weigh more heavily in all three search engines, or how do they deviate from each other? The results showed that one of the categories, in most of the topics, weighs more heavily than the opposed category. The opposed category is in some cases not represented at all in the 10 first documents. In some of the topics, the same category weighs over in all three search engines, but in more than half of the topics the different search engines deviate from each other regarding the opposed categories. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to evaluate three general query-based web search engines. The search engines chosen are Google, Yahoo! and Live Search. The topics, which where transformed into twenty queries, are based on real users’ information needs, taken from an ask-a-question service. For every search the first 10 hits in each of the three search engines were evaluated. The measures that have been used are precision and overlap. The queries were evaluated on a binary relevance scale with 0 or 1. Precision has been measured as average precision over 1-10 DCV levels for all 20 queries in the evaluation. It has also been measured as average precision in a query-by-query calculation over 10 DCV levels for each query and search engine. The number of duplicate links, dead links, mirror pages, relevant hits and irrelevant hits has also been recorded in the study for each search engine, for a comparison. Overlap was measured at two different DCVs, 1 and 5. Eventually the results show that Google had the best results regarding precision. It also had the highest number of relevant hits. Google and Yahoo! showed the highest overlap at DCV 1. At DCV 5 the greatest overlap was between Yahoo! and Live Search. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and compare the retrieval effectiveness of two search engines on the Internet: Svensk Medicin and Google Scholar. Svensk Medicin is a medicine-specific search engine and Google Scholar specialises in indexing scholarly material. A set of 20 questions in four categories were used to conduct the searches with the search engines. Genuine medical information needs were selected from a question collection provided by the television program Fråga doktorn. The relevance of the first 10 retrieved documents was judged by using a binary scale and the measure used was precision. An analysis on average precision for all the search questions and an average measure was calculated (macro precision). Results for average precision over all the search questions and a mean average precision is also presented (micro precision and map). These measures shows which search engine performs best for single queries and how the relevant documents spread among the displayed results. The occurrence of duplicates and error pages was noted, because they also show how the search engine performs. Svensk Medicin is performing better than Google Scholar on the single queries and Svensk Medicin also retrieves the highest number of relevant documents. Methodology is discussed close since the experimental design affects the result. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The purpose of this essay is to examine what happens with library e-resources after implementing the discovery tool Summon. Summon provides a Google-like experience and uses multiple facet options when users need to narrow their discovery. Observations of change in the libraries e-resources with regards to database searches, click-throughs in linkresolvers and full text downloads are examined through looking at earlier reports and statistics from libraries in America and England. This provides a way to compare with Chalmers University of Technology’s Library. This essay presents results that suggest that usage drop in database searches while full text downloads and click-throughs increase when Summon is implemented. Also discussed in the essay is the importance for libraries to continuous evaluate the use of their resources to keep up with their users needs and demands. / Program: Bibliotekarie

The purpose of this paper is to compare the three search engines Web of Science, Google Scholar and MEDLINE in regards of recovery efficiency and the overlap of relevant documents when it comes to information searching for academic purposes. Furthermore, it raises the question whether freely available search engines and licensed search engines are interchangeable with each other. The empirical data in this study were collected through searches conducted in the three search engines Web of Science, Google Scholar and MEDLINE. Twenty search queries were used and the first twenty retrieved documents for each query were examined for relevance using previously designed criteria. The documents were scored by a binary relevancy scale and thereafter a precision value for each search engine was calculated. The overlap of retrieved relevant document in all three search engines were also calculated using Jaccard’s Index. The results of this study showed that Web of Science was the search engine that had the highest precision value, 0.346 and that the largest overlap was between MEDLINE and Web of Science with a value of 0.112. / Program: Bibliotekarie

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / En el capítulo número uno se expondrá acerca del derecho a la vida privada, analizando cuál es su fundamentación, concepto, regulación normativa, características, contenido, titulares, limitaciones y el sistema de responsabilidad. En el capítulo número dos se estudiará la ley 19.628, revisando su historia, estructura, aplicación, conceptos, hipótesis de tratamiento, principios, derechos y obligaciones del titular del registro, sistema de responsabilidad, para finalizar realizando una crítica a la legislación nacional reconociéndola como insuficiente y poco efectiva, además de mencionar el dilema del consentimiento que cuestiona el control significativo que las personas tienen sobre sus datos. En el capítulo número tres analizaremos a Google, realizando una descripción general, cuál es su rol en la era de la información, cuáles son sus principales productos y cómo afectan a la privacidad, sus políticas y condiciones de uso y las problemáticas que traen aparejadas. Finalizando con la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia Europeo que consagra el derecho al olvido en Internet. Esta investigación pretende ser un aporte al estudio del derecho fundamental a la privacidad y alarma frente a una posible vulneración de derechos producida por la plataforma más utilizada de internet, Google.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2018. / Este trabalho se propõe a identificar o que os internautas que utilizaram o Google no Brasil entre 2004 e 2014 expressaram no motor de busca sobre a criatividade. Para isso, extraímos os 50 termos de busca mais frequentes com essas características na ferramenta Google Trends e fizemos dois levantamentos bibliográficos dos trabalhos científicos que utilizam essa mesma metodologia: um sobre os textos produzidos no campo da comunicação social e o outro no campo da criatividade. A metodologia também contemplou a investigação dos termos de busca por meio do método da Análise Temática (AT) para criar o Mapa da Imagem da Criatividade. Essa representação gráfica possibilitou a verificação das afinidades e discrepâncias dos 50 termos com a teoria acadêmica a respeito da criatividade e a compreensão dos seus níveis de comunicabilidade. A criação do mapa também possibilitou a percepção de parte do imaginário da criatividade expressa nos termos analisados. / This work intends to identify the expression of the image that the internauts who used Google in Brazil between 2004 and 2014 have about creativity. We extracted the 50 most frequent search terms with these characteristics in the Google Trends tool and carried out two bibliographical surveys of the scientific works that use the same methodology: one on texts produced in the field of social communication and the other in the field of creativity. The methodology also contemplated the investigation of search terms through the method of Thematic Dialogic Analysis (AT) and discourse analysis to create the Image Map of Creativity. This graphical representation made it possible to verify the affinities and discrepancies of the 50 terms with the academic theory regarding creativity and the comprehension of their levels of communicability. The creation of the Map also allowed the perception of part of the imagery of the creativity expressed in the analyzed terms.

The thesis introduces contextual advertising on internet using Google AdWords. The paper describes individual steps of an ad campaign (product choosing, ad types, keywords), its management and success evaluation (calculation of ROI and modified ROI).