The purpose of this study is to explore the strategies and attitudes of students towards translation in the context of language learning. The informants come from two different classes at an Upper Secondary vocational program. The study was born from the backdrop of discussions among some English teachers representing different theories on translation and language learning, meeting students endeavoring in language learning beyond the confinement of the classroom and personal experiences of translation in language learning. The curriculum and course plan for English at the vocational program emphasize two things of particular interest to our study; integration of the program outcomes and vocational language into the English course - so called meshed learning – and student awareness of their own learning processes. A background is presented of different contrasting methods in translation and language learning that is relevant to our discussion. However, focus is given to contemporary research on reforms within the Comparative Theory, as expressed in Translation in Language and Teaching (TILT), Contrastive Analysis and “The Third Space”. The results of the students’ reflections are presented as attempts to translate two different texts; one lyric and one technical vocational text. The results show a pragmatic attitude among the students toward tools like dictionaries or Google Translate, but also a critical awareness about their use and limits. They appear to prefer the use of first language to the target language when discussing the correct translation as they sought accuracy over meaning. Translation for them was a natural and problem-solving event worth a rightful place in language teaching.

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Google Translate helps people around the world to translate from one language to another, and translates about 100 billion words every day. The translation is used for all types of information, for essays, on websites, social media or for every day communication. Companies and organizations can reach people all over the world by offering machine translation on their websites. This means that companies and organizations can spread their messages and their products to a much larger group of people. However, in order for the information to be correct, there must be an availability regardless of language. It is therefore interesting to find out if the usefulness of Google Translate as machine translation can affect the availability of websites. The purpose of the study is to find out if Google Translate as machine translation can affect a website's usefulness in translating the information provided by the website. The purpose of the study is limited by merely examining in what ways the usability and availability of the information "About Us" on government and municipal websites is affected by Google Translate as machine translation. The method used in the study is usability tests where a think aloud observation was conducted with study participants who tested the websites using task scenarios. The result of our study showed that Google Translate is useful as machine translation on websites. In conclusion, however, we discussed whether the results could have been affected due to the delimitations we made, such as language selection, websites and method.

The aim of this qualitative study is to explore two high school level Swedish as a Second Language (SVA) and two Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) teachers’ approach to their adult students’ use of machine translation in the classroom. The study also aims to explore the teachers’ approach to whether they incorporate machine translation into their teachings. The study is conducted through qualitative interviews of a total of four teachers, and the results show that the SVA-teachers did not experience that their students use machine-translation, whilst the SFI-teachers did. This is due to the linguistic level that their students are at, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the SVA-teachers did not implement the usage of machine translation into their teachings, apart from when the students are performing digital exams and have access to a website that provides definitions (Swedish-Swedish), but also translations of single words. The SFI-teachers, on the other hand, did implement the usage through exercises that require students to translate words into their first language. All teachers did question the intention of the usage and the commonly known shortcomings of such systems.

This qualitative study aims to explore the ways in which digital dictionaries andmachine translation are being used to help students learning Swedish as a secondlanguage (L2). The study focuses on teacher’s reasoning for the use of these tools andthe problems they face in trying to implement the guidelines specified around the useof such tools in the Swedish curriculum. Through interviews with teachers of Swedishas a second language, and phenomenographic analysis, the study shows that mostteachers use these tools as a lexical aid rather than a steppingstone to implementingstrategies which facilitate the symbiotic uses of both the students first and secondlanguages in their linguistic development. This due to the controversial issue of usingmachine translation as a pedagogical tool in second language acquisition. Many of theteachers mentioned the shortcomings of both the tools and their own ability to usethem as a problem in implementing these tools. The teachers also had difficultiesdeciding which resources would be best in helping their students develop theirlanguage skills in the target language. Possible solutions for this problem would befurther training for teachers in the uses of machine translation and in which strategiesto teach their students to make didactic use of translation tools like Google Translate.

The English translation of the Swedish compound fönsterbräda into windowsill, or the proper noun Danmark into Denmark makes perfect sense. But how about the compound fossilbränslefri as simply fossil fuel or the name Mälaren as Lake?  All four of these translations have been produced with the help of automatic machine translation. The aim of this paper is to present the expanding field of application of machine translation and some issues related to this type of translation. More specifically, the study has looked at Google Translate as one of the most commonly used machine translation systems online, and how it responds to the two linguistic categories that were selected for this small study: compound nouns and proper nouns. Besides analyzing these categories, two different text types were chosen: general information articles from a local authority website (Stockholm City) and patent texts, both of which belong to the expanding field of application of Google Translate. The results of the study show that in terms of compound nouns, neither of the text types proved to be significantly better suited for machine translation than the other and neither had an error rate below 20 %. Most of the errors related to words being erroneously omitted in the English output and words which were incorrectly translated in relation to context. As for proper nouns, the patent texts contained none and subsequently no error analysis could be made, whereas the general information articles included 76 proper nouns (out of a total word count of 810). The most prominent error related to the Swedish version not being maintained in the English output where it should have been, e.g. translating Abrahamsberg as Abraham rock. The errors in both of the linguistic categories had varying impact on the meaning of the texts, some of which distorted the meaning of the word completely, and some which were of minor importance. This factor, along with the fact that the reader of the text influences how the comprehension level of the text is perceived through their language and subject knowledge, makes it difficult to evaluate the full impact of the various errors. It can, however, be said that patent text could pose as a better option for machine translation than general information articles in relation to proper nouns, as this text type is likely to contain no or very few proper nouns.

I studien undersöktes hur elever som undervisas i svenska som andraspråk (SVA) på nybörjar­nivå i grundskolans senare del skrev texter med hjälp av Google translate (GT). Frågeställ­ningen var hur GT som hjälpmedel vid skrivuppgifter påverkade texternas olika kvaliteter jäm­fört med en text skriven utan hjälpmedel. Sju elever deltog i studien. Varje elev skrev två texter var: en med hjälp av GT, och en utan. De båda texterna bedömdes kvalitativt och jämfördes med varandra. Resultatet visade att GT hjälpte eleverna att skapa ett säkrare språk avseende språkets form: till exempel meningsbyggnad, grammatik, stavning och interpunktion. GT hjälpte även elever­na till en mer varierad vokabulär, men denna vokabulär saknade ofta precision vilket skapade begriplighetsproblem. Texterna som skrevs utan GT hade ett mindre varierat ordförråd, men vokabulären var mer anpassad till sitt sammanhang, och därmed höll texterna en högre kom­munikativ och innehållslig kvalitet. GT kunde alltså hjälpa eleverna på nybörjarnivå att uttrycka sig genom att bidra med ett formellt korrekt språk och varierad vokabulär. Men resultaten visade samtidigt att eleverna har allt för liten tilltro till sin egen förmåga, och för stor till GT:s översättningar, vilket skapade texter vars innehåll kunde vara svårt att begripa.

The purpose of this study is to explore upper secondary school English teachers' beliefs and practices for free online machine translation (FOMT) tools. It is believed that students are using these tools, but the focus of this study is to highlight what teachers think and how they are addressing FOMT usage by students. Participants are currently teaching various English levels in upper secondary schools throughout Sweden and have varying degrees of experience. This study includes a brief background of previous studies detailing teachers' attitudes and methods for incorporating machine translation (MT) in their language teaching. The theoretical framework used for this study is language teacher cognition and translation in language teaching. The results reveal that the previous research conducted in this area has not yet influenced teachers' language classrooms methods. Teachers' education and language learning experience may explain this disconnect to current research. There is a common theme that teachers do not mind using FOMT tools in their personal lives but strongly recommend other sources for their students.

Bakgrund: En observation under verksamhetsförlagd utbildning har varit att Google Translate, ett digitalt översättningsverktyg, har använts som hjälpmedel för att försöka förmedla information till patienter. Effektiv kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient är en grundläggande förutsättning för sjuksköterskans arbete och för personcentrerad vård. På grund av språkförbistringar uppstår det ofta problem i kommunikation med patienten.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om och i vilken utsträckning sjuksköterskor i slutenvården på sjukhuset i fråga använder sig av digitala översättningsverktyg i kommunikation med patienter.Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med hjälp av webbenkät på ett stort sjukhus i södra Sverige. Populationen bestod av 279 sjuksköterskor, 76 av dessa besvarade enkäten.Resultat: Undersökningen visade att 61,8 procent av deltagarna (n= 47) har någon gång använt digitala översättningsverktyg, nästan uteslutande Google Translate, i kommunikationen med patienter. De vanligaste situationerna då det har använts var vid smärtskattning och informationsförmedling. / Background: An observation during the clinical practice has been that Google Translate, a digital translation tool, was used as a means to inform patients. Effective nurse-patient communication is a basic qualification for the nurse ́s work and for patient-centered care. Due to language barriers, problems often occur in communication with the patient.Aim: The aim of this study was to find out if, and to what extent, nurses working in hospital care at the hospital in question use digital translation tools when communicating with patients.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a large hospital in southern Sweden through an online questionnaire.The population consisted of 279 nurses, 76 of these filled out the questionnaire.Results: The study showed that 61,8 percent of the participants (n=47) have at some point used digital translation tools, especially Google Translate, when communicating with patients. The most common situations this tool was used in was during pain assessment and when delivering information.

Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена проблеме передачи средств речевой выразительности в художественном тексте при помощи машинного перевода. Рассматриваются современные технологии машинного перевода, специфика перевода художественных текстов и классификация тропов и фигур. В рамках исследования осуществляется сопоставление «способностей» трех автоматизированных систем (Яндекс.Переводчик, Google Translate и PROMT.One) передавать средства выразительности речи на материале романа Дж. К. Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень». / This master’s thesis studies the problem of rendering the means of speech expressiveness in a literary text using machine translation. There are considered modern machine translation technologies, the specific features of literary texts translation and the classification of tropes and figures. Based on the novel “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” by J. K. Rowling, the study compares the “abilities” of three automated systems (Yandex.Translate, Google Translate and PROMT.One) to identify stylistic devices in the source language and reproduce them in the target language.