No description available.

Although the available literature mentions a variety of anthropometric performance determinants for gymnastics, no one has until now made an attempt to determine the performance determinants of more advanced, young, South African (SA), female gymnasts. The purposes of this study were, therefore, firstly to determine the anthropometric variables that differ significantly @ 5 0,05) between successful and less successful young, SA, female gymnasts in the vault and floor item and secondly, to determine the anthropometric variables that contribute to the performance of young, SA, female gymnasts in the vault and floor item. Twelve young, female gymnasts (13,39 f 2,14 years) from a gymnastics club in the North-West Province of South Africa participated in this study. Only gymnasts who participated at level 6-9 and junior as well as senior olynlpic level were selected to participate in this study. Sixty one anthropometric variables were measured on the dominant side of the body according to the methods of Norton et al. (1996). Firstly, the descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) of the gymnastics population were calculated. This was followed by an analysis which intended to arrange the gymnasts in a ranking order according to the vault and floor performances (marks) that were reached during the South African Gymnastics Championships. Due to differences in the participation level, data was normalised by making use of correction factors. Independent t-tests and effect sizes revealed that the gymnasts who obtained the highest marks (top 5) during the execution of the vault and floor item during the South African Gymnastics Championships had statistical and practical significantly (p 5 0,05) larger relaxed and flexed upper arm, wrist and ankle circumferences as well as mesomorph values than the less successful gymnasts. The cluster analysis-reduced variables were used to perform a forward, stepwise multiple regression analysis which showed that flexed upper arm (53,93%) and chest circumference (3,6996); midstillion dactillion (12,38%), trochanterion-tibia1 lateral (5,77%) and foot length (1 1,50%); fat percentage (8,93%), ectomorphy (l,96%), bideltoied breadth (1,54%), triceps skinfold (0,23%) and iliospinal box height (0,07%) contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' vault performances. Bi-trochanterion- (34,86%), femur- (17,07%) and bi-deltoied breadth (4,93%); front thigh skinfold (19,71%); fat percentage (7,68%); acromial-radial (4,09%) and foot length (0,05%) as well as waist- (6,68%), chest- (2,92%) and gluteal thigh circumference (2;02%) were the anthropometric variables which contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' floor performances. Flexed upper arm circumference, fat percentage, ectomorphy, iliospinal box height and bitrochanterion and femur breadth as well as gluteal thigh circumference and foot length were, however, the only anthropometric variables which contributed significantly to gymnasts' vault and floor performances, respectively. The conclusion that can, therefore, be drawn is that larger upper arm and upper body circumferences; hand, foot, upper and total leg lengths; triceps skinfolds, fat percentages and ectomorphy as well as larger limb and torso circumferences; waist breadths; fat percentages and front thigh skinfolds as well as upper arm and foot lengths are the respective, important anthropometric vaulting and floor performance determinants for young, South African, female gymnasts and should be included in the sport scientific testing protocols of gymnasts. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Not enough research has been carried out on the rhythmic gymnasts’ adaptation to physical loads, intensity of training and competitive activities, peculiarities of energy demands during the competition. Research has not established models of training and sport performance (as well as their interaction) of rhythmic gymnastics athletes of different age and sport performance levels (basic and special). In the doctoral thesis for the solving of this problem were formulated following research problem questions: 1) What training programs of athletes in rhythmic gymnastics are effective for the dynamically changing model of their sport performance? 2) What are the most significant factors of training and indices of sport performance that would ensure the optimization of targeted long-term training of athletes in rhythmic gymnastics aged 11–15 years? 3) What management criteria would allow optimization of athlete’s sport performance in rhythmic gymnastics? Research aim was to establish the optimal model of training and sports performance of 11–15 year old athletes in rhythmic gymnastics, as well as the interaction of training and sports performance. In the research was revealed: 1) Models and interaction of basic period training and sport performance of 11–12 year old athletes; 2) Models and interaction of training and sport performance (12–13 year) in different periods; 3) Models and interaction of training and sport performance (13–14 year) in preparatory period; 4) Models and... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas – Bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinis darbingumas. Tyrimo tikslas – Įvertinti bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti bendrosios aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius. 3. Palyginti skirtingų rūšių aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius. Tyrimo metodai: antropometriniai matavimai (visos tiriamųjų grupės buvo sveriamos ir matuojamas ūgis), pulsometrija (tyrimo metu širdies susitraukimų dažnis buvo registruojamas naudojant pulsometrą Sigma PC-15, Germany), PWC170 testas (taikant šį testą buvo nustatoma aerobininkių ištvermė), matematinė statistika (buvo apskaičiuojamas tirtų rodiklių aritmetinis vidurkis (x), standartinis nuokrypis (Sx). Statistiniam patikimumui nustatyti pasirinktas patikimumo lygmuo (p<0,05). Visi skaičiavimai buvo atliekami naudojant STATISTIKA for Windows. Tiriamieji: Tyrime dalyvavo 46 tiriamosios, tai aerobinės gimnastikos atstovės (1 grupė: n = 10, 2 grupė: n = 13), ir bendrosios aerobikos atstovės (1 grupė: n = 13, 2 grupė: n = 10). Tiriamųjų sportavimo stažas yra panašus: 3-4 metai, o treniruočių skaičius yra 3 kartai per savaitę. Išvados: 1. Skirtingo amžiaus bendrosios aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodikliai geresni buvo jaunesniųjų aerobininkių grupėje. Devyniolikmetės aerobininkės yra gero treniruotumo lygio, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research - general aerobics representatives and aerobic gymnastics athletes physical working capacity characteristics. The aim of research was to assess physical working capacity characteristics of general aerobics representatives and aerobic gymnastics atletes. Objectives of research: 1. Identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of general aerobics representatives. 2. Identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of aerobic gymnastics atletes. 3. Compare physical working capacity characteristics of representatives of general and aerobics aerobic gymnastics atletes. Methods: anthropometric measurements (all groups of subjects were weighed and measured for height), measurement of pulse (heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor Sigma PC-15, Germany), PWC170 test (applying this method was determined athlete stamina), mathematical statistics (assessed values were calculated arithmetic mean (x), standard deviation (Sx). Determine the statistical reliability of the selected confidence level (p <0.05). All calculations were performed using STATISTICS for Windows. Subjects: The study included 46 subjects who is the representative of the aerobic gymnastics (Group 1: n = 10, group 2: n = 13), and general aerobic representative (Group 1: n = 13, group 2: n = 10). Analyzes sport experience is similar: 3-4 years, while the number of training 3 times a week. Conclusion: 1. Physical working capacity of representatives of general... [to full text]

Choreografija sportinėje gimnastikoje jau seniai pripažįstama, kaip specializuoto aukštos klasės sportininkų rengimo priemonė, padedanti padaryti kompozicijas originaliomis, išraiškingomis, įspūdingomis. Taigi tampa aktualu tirti gimnasčių koordinacijos lavinimą, taikant netradicinės choreografijos kompleksus kurie leistų atlikti įvairius elementus bei jų junginius ant prietaisų. Matydami šią problemą, manome, jog būtų tikslinga parengti kitokios struktūros choreografijos pratimų kompleksus, galinčius geriau lavinti tokio amžiaus jaunųjų gimnasčių koordinacinius gebėjimus ir kitas fizines ypatybes. Tyrimo hipotezė. Manome, kad 9-10 metų gimnasčių koordinaciniai gebėjimai ir kitos fizinės ypatybės galėtų geriau lavėti, taikant specialius netradicinius choreografijos pratimų kompleksus per sportinės gimnastikos pratybas. Tyrimo objektas. Koordinacinių gebėjimų lavinimas per sportinės gimnastikos pratybas. Tyrimo subjektas. 9- 10 metų sportinės gimnastikos tiriamosios mergaitės. Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti gimnasčių koordinacinių gebėjimų lavinimo aspektus per sportinės gimnastikos pratybas. Tyrimo uždaviniai : 1. Nustatyti 9 – 10 metų gimnasčių koordinacinių gebėjimų ir kitų fizinių ypatybių lygį eksperimento pradžioje. 2. Atlikti 9 – 10 metų gimnasčių koordinacinių gebėjimų ir kitų fizinių ypatybių rezultatų kaitos analizę eksperimento laikotarpiu. 3. Atskleisti taikytų netradicinės choreografijos pratimų kompleksų poveikį lavinant gimnasčių koordinacinius gebėjimus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Choreography in artistics gymnastics has been recognized as a mean of preparing specialized high class sportsmen and helping to make compositions original, expressive, and impressive long time ago. Then it becomes important to investigate girls’ gymnasts’ training of coordination, applying unconventional complexes of choreography that would allow performing various elements and their combinations on certain equipment. While seeing this problem, we think that it is advisable to prepare complexes of choreographical exercises that are of different structure and can train young girls’ gymnasts’ coordinative abilities and other physical features. Hypothesis of the investigation: We think that coordinative competence and other physical properties of girls’ gymnasts’ that are of 9-10 years could develop better if special unconventional complexes of exercises in choreography would be applied during the practice of artistics gymnastics. Object of the investigation: Training of coordinative competence during the practice of artistics gymnastics. Subject of the investigation: Girls of artistics gymnastics that are 9-10 years old. Purpose of the investigation: To analyse aspects of girls’ gymnasts’ ability for coordinative competence during the practice of artistics gymnastics. Tasks of the investigation: 1. To measure coordinative competence and level of other physical abilities of girls’ gymnasts’ who are 9-10 years old at the beginning of the experiment. 2. To make an analysis during... [to full text]

No description available.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic in the Department of Chiropractic at the Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. / The aim or purpose of this study is to determine the injury profile of gymnasts in the greater Durban area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; and to compare it with the international data that are available. Factors that should be considered regarding differences in the injury profile of South African gymnasts as compared with international gymnasts include: 1. Difference in standard of gymnastics (Cameron-Smith, 2005) 2. Sudden increase in the standard of South African gymnastics in an attempt to match that of other countries, which may lead to an increase in training hours, and attempts at more risky new manoeuvres. This, in turn, may increase the risk of injury (Cameron-Smith, 2005). For the purpose of this study, the following information was gathered in terms of: - Demographics of South African gymnasts - The participants’ gymnastics history - The presence of any past or current injuries, and - If present, factors relating to these injuries were investigated. This information mentioned above was gathered with the aim of helping to identify any problems that may exist, quantifying the extent of these problems and identifying to some extent the potential risk factors. This would be beneficial to South African gymnasts if recommendations for prevention of potential injuries were made, should any common injuries, or possible risk factors or associations be discovered/identified (Chadwick, 2004).

Tyrimo objektas - Trenerio ir sportininko tarpusavio santykių ypatumai. Tyrimo tikslas - Atskleisti trenerio ir sportininkių tarpusavio santykių ypatumus meninėje gimnastikoje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti, kaip sportininkės vertina trenerio gnostinį, emocinį ir elgesio komponentus pratybų metu, didesnės ir mažesnės sportinės patirties gimnasčių tarpe. 2. Nustatyti gimnasčių požiūrį į trenerio bendravimo per treniruotes efektyvumą didesnės ir mažesnės sportinės patirties gimnasčių tarpe. Tyrime buvo naudojama J. Chanino metodika „Treneris - sportininkas“ (Ханин, 1980), apklausta 45 gimnastės ir T. Dembo ir S. Rubinštein metodika „Bendravimo efektyvumas“ (Елиссев, 1994), apklausta 54 gimnastės. Tiriamieji buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes pagal sportinę patirtį: pirmoji – 9 ir daugiau metų lankančios meninę gimnastiką, antroji – 5-8 metus lankančios meninę gimnastiką. Tyrimo metu pagal J. Chanino metodiką „Treneris – sportininkas“ nustatyta, kad didesnės sportinės patirties gimnastės gnostinį ir elgesio komponentus vertina kaip aukšto lygio, o emocinį – kaip vidutinio lygio, mažesnės sportinės patirties gimnastės trenerio gnostinį, emocinį ir elgesio komponentus vertina kaip aukšto lygio. Taikant χ2 kriterijų, statistiškai reikšmingų skirtumų nenustatyta (p>0,05). Pagal T. Dembo ir S. Rubinštein „Bendravimo per pratybas efektyvumo“ tyrimo metodiką, nustatyta, kad didesnės sportinės patirties gimnastės geriausiai, kaip aukšto lygio įvertino trenerio pagyrimus, žemiausiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object: the features of relationships between a coach and athlete. Research purpose: Reveal the features of relationships between a coach and athlete in rhythmic gymnastics. Research tasks: 1. Establish how athletes assess their coach’s gnostic, emotional and behavioral components between larger and smaller sporting experience gymnasts groups. 2. Establish the efficiency of coach’s communication during training between larger and smaller sporting experience gymnasts groups. During the research were applied questionnaire „Coach – Athlete“ (Ханин, 1980), questioned 45 gymnasts and T. Dembo & S. Rubinstein methodic „Efficiency of Communication during Training“ (Елиссев, 1994), questioned 54 gymnasts. Study participants were divided in two groups: larger sporting experience gymnasts and smaller sporting experience gymnasts. When applying the J. Chanin (1980) method „Coach – Athlete“, it was established that larger sporting experience gymnasts gnostic and behavioral components assess as high-level, and emotional component – as mid-level. Smaller sporting experience gymnasts assess coach gnostic, behavioral and emotional components as high-level. Applying the χ² criterion, statistically significant differences were not found. When applying the T. Dembo and S. Rubinstein method “Efficiency of Communication during Training”, it was revealed that larger sporting experience gymnasts top rated coach compliments, as high-level, lowest, as mid-level – coach support. Smaller... [to full text]

Gymnastics is a reoccurring event in the physical education of many students. Despite this, there is still today limited research which describes the students’ perspective and interest for this activity and if there are any differences between genders. The purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate students’ interest for gymnastics and if there are any experiences, which can affect this interest. The study also aims at comparing girls’ and boys’ interest for gymnastics and if there are any experiences that can be effective. The method in this study has been two focus group interviews. The result shows that both focus groups have an equal interest for gymnastics. Although, they sometimes describe different experiences that affect their interest for the activity. In many ways this study confirms the results of earlier studies on students’ interest and affective factors for different parts of physical education. / Redskapsgymnastik är ett återkommande inslag i många elevers undervisning i idrott och hälsa. Trots detta finns det idag begränsad tillgång till forskning som beskriver elevers upplevelser och intresse för aktiviteten, samt om det finns några skillnader mellan könen. Studiens syfte har därför varit att undersöka elevers intresse för redskapsgymnastik samt att se om det finns upplevelser som inverkar på intresset. Syftet med studien var även att jämföra flickors och pojkars intresse för redskapsgymnastik samt vilka upplevelser som påverkar deras intresse. I studien har det används två strukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer som undersökningsmetod. Resultatet visar även att flick- och pojkgruppen har ett likvärdigt intresse för redskapsgymnastik. Dock beskriver flick- och pojkgruppen stundtals hur olika upplevelser inverkar på intresset för aktiviteten på olika sätt. På många sätt liknar studiens resultat det som tidigare forskning visar om elevers intresse och påverkande faktorer för olika delar inom idrottsämnet.

Although the available literature mentions a variety of anthropometric performance determinants for gymnastics, no one has until now made an attempt to determine the performance determinants of more advanced, young, South African (SA), female gymnasts. The purposes of this study were, therefore, firstly to determine the anthropometric variables that differ significantly @ 5 0,05) between successful and less successful young, SA, female gymnasts in the vault and floor item and secondly, to determine the anthropometric variables that contribute to the performance of young, SA, female gymnasts in the vault and floor item. Twelve young, female gymnasts (13,39 f 2,14 years) from a gymnastics club in the North-West Province of South Africa participated in this study. Only gymnasts who participated at level 6-9 and junior as well as senior olynlpic level were selected to participate in this study. Sixty one anthropometric variables were measured on the dominant side of the body according to the methods of Norton et al. (1996). Firstly, the descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) of the gymnastics population were calculated. This was followed by an analysis which intended to arrange the gymnasts in a ranking order according to the vault and floor performances (marks) that were reached during the South African Gymnastics Championships. Due to differences in the participation level, data was normalised by making use of correction factors. Independent t-tests and effect sizes revealed that the gymnasts who obtained the highest marks (top 5) during the execution of the vault and floor item during the South African Gymnastics Championships had statistical and practical significantly (p 5 0,05) larger relaxed and flexed upper arm, wrist and ankle circumferences as well as mesomorph values than the less successful gymnasts. The cluster analysis-reduced variables were used to perform a forward, stepwise multiple regression analysis which showed that flexed upper arm (53,93%) and chest circumference (3,6996); midstillion dactillion (12,38%), trochanterion-tibia1 lateral (5,77%) and foot length (1 1,50%); fat percentage (8,93%), ectomorphy (l,96%), bideltoied breadth (1,54%), triceps skinfold (0,23%) and iliospinal box height (0,07%) contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' vault performances. Bi-trochanterion- (34,86%), femur- (17,07%) and bi-deltoied breadth (4,93%); front thigh skinfold (19,71%); fat percentage (7,68%); acromial-radial (4,09%) and foot length (0,05%) as well as waist- (6,68%), chest- (2,92%) and gluteal thigh circumference (2;02%) were the anthropometric variables which contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' floor performances. Flexed upper arm circumference, fat percentage, ectomorphy, iliospinal box height and bitrochanterion and femur breadth as well as gluteal thigh circumference and foot length were, however, the only anthropometric variables which contributed significantly to gymnasts' vault and floor performances, respectively. The conclusion that can, therefore, be drawn is that larger upper arm and upper body circumferences; hand, foot, upper and total leg lengths; triceps skinfolds, fat percentages and ectomorphy as well as larger limb and torso circumferences; waist breadths; fat percentages and front thigh skinfolds as well as upper arm and foot lengths are the respective, important anthropometric vaulting and floor performance determinants for young, South African, female gymnasts and should be included in the sport scientific testing protocols of gymnasts. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.