Due to the change of thought and external environment, design of the physical environment is more and more important than before. Based on the interview with the office designers, four cases and the questionnaires, this research tried to find out: 1.The design of the current working environment, 2.The key factors of the workplace which affect worker¡¦s performance, 3.Try to offer the corporations useful suggestions when design or redesign workplace. The main conclusions of this research are as following: 1.The basic is more important than esthetics 2.Office layout is according to level 3.The setting of amenities is limit to the total area of a company 4.The office design which could make the work easier is the most important, the second one is the design make workers feel comfortable, and the third one is aesthetic factors.

Curcumin, a polyphenol, has been suggested to improve metabolic byproduct clearance and increase nitric oxide production in working muscle. These purported effects may delay neuromuscular fatigue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin in combination with fenugreek (CUR) or fenugreek soluble fiber alone (FEN) on the neuromuscular fatigue threshold (PWCFT), time to exhaustion (Tlim) on a graded exercise test (GXT), and O2peak in untrained subjects.Forty-seven,college-aged, aerobically untrained individuals were randomly assigned to one of three supplementation groups; placebo (PLA, n=15),curcumin + fenugreek, CurQfen® (CUR, n=18), or fenugreek soluble fiber (FEN, n=14). All subjects performed a maximal GXT on a cycle ergometer to determine the PWCFT, Tlim, and O2peak before (PRE-test) and after (POST-test) 28 days of daily supplementation. Statistical analyses included 3 separate, one-way ANCOVAs to determine if there were any differences among the groups (PLA, CUR, FEN) for adjusted post-test scores for the PWCFT, O2peak, and Tlim. The respective pre-test score was used as the covariate. In addition, reliability analyses (PRE- to POST-test) for the PLA group were used to calculate the minimal difference needed to be real (MD). The adjusted POST PWCFTvalues showed no statistical differences between groups (F= 3.141p= 0.053); however pairwise LSD comparisons indicated a significant difference between the CUR and PLA groups (p= 0.016), but not between the CUR and FEN groups. Therefore, separate one-way ANCOVAs were used to examine the adjusted PWCFTmeans for the PLA vs. CUR (F = 4.906, p =0.035) and the PLA vs. FEN (F = 2.969, p = 0.097). The one- way ANCOVA for O2peak (F= 0.612 p= 0.547) and Tlim(F = 0.688, p = 0.508) values showed no statistical difference among the groups. Individual responses in each group showed ~ 20% of subjects in the CUR group, ~ 7% in the FEN group, and ~6% in the PLA group had values greater than the MD for the PWCFT, but none of the subjects in the PLA, FEN, or CUR groups exceeded the MD for O2peak or Tlim. These findings indicatedCurQfen® supplementation increased the PWCFTcompared to a placebo, but not compared to fenugreek soluble fiber alone. However, there were no effects of CurQfen® on O2 peak or Tlim. The mechanisms responsible for delaying time to neuromuscular fatigue may include increased NO production and increased blood flow to remove metabolic byproducts; however, the cellular changes which could lead to increases in Tlim andO2peak may not have been sensitive to the GXT protocol or the given dosage of curcumin supplementation. Considering individual responses, CurQfen® supplementation resulted in a real change in the PWCFTfor a small portion of the subjects (~20%). These findings suggested that CurQfen® supplementation without exercise training may help to improve time to neuromuscular fatigue in certain individuals, but the group mean analyses were not necessarily reflective of the responses for a majority of the subjects.

Tyrimo objektas – Bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinis darbingumas. Tyrimo tikslas – Įvertinti bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti bendrosios aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius. 3. Palyginti skirtingų rūšių aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius. Tyrimo metodai: antropometriniai matavimai (visos tiriamųjų grupės buvo sveriamos ir matuojamas ūgis), pulsometrija (tyrimo metu širdies susitraukimų dažnis buvo registruojamas naudojant pulsometrą Sigma PC-15, Germany), PWC170 testas (taikant šį testą buvo nustatoma aerobininkių ištvermė), matematinė statistika (buvo apskaičiuojamas tirtų rodiklių aritmetinis vidurkis (x), standartinis nuokrypis (Sx). Statistiniam patikimumui nustatyti pasirinktas patikimumo lygmuo (p<0,05). Visi skaičiavimai buvo atliekami naudojant STATISTIKA for Windows. Tiriamieji: Tyrime dalyvavo 46 tiriamosios, tai aerobinės gimnastikos atstovės (1 grupė: n = 10, 2 grupė: n = 13), ir bendrosios aerobikos atstovės (1 grupė: n = 13, 2 grupė: n = 10). Tiriamųjų sportavimo stažas yra panašus: 3-4 metai, o treniruočių skaičius yra 3 kartai per savaitę. Išvados: 1. Skirtingo amžiaus bendrosios aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodikliai geresni buvo jaunesniųjų aerobininkių grupėje. Devyniolikmetės aerobininkės yra gero treniruotumo lygio, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research - general aerobics representatives and aerobic gymnastics athletes physical working capacity characteristics. The aim of research was to assess physical working capacity characteristics of general aerobics representatives and aerobic gymnastics atletes. Objectives of research: 1. Identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of general aerobics representatives. 2. Identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of aerobic gymnastics atletes. 3. Compare physical working capacity characteristics of representatives of general and aerobics aerobic gymnastics atletes. Methods: anthropometric measurements (all groups of subjects were weighed and measured for height), measurement of pulse (heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor Sigma PC-15, Germany), PWC170 test (applying this method was determined athlete stamina), mathematical statistics (assessed values were calculated arithmetic mean (x), standard deviation (Sx). Determine the statistical reliability of the selected confidence level (p <0.05). All calculations were performed using STATISTICS for Windows. Subjects: The study included 46 subjects who is the representative of the aerobic gymnastics (Group 1: n = 10, group 2: n = 13), and general aerobic representative (Group 1: n = 13, group 2: n = 10). Analyzes sport experience is similar: 3-4 years, while the number of training 3 times a week. Conclusion: 1. Physical working capacity of representatives of general... [to full text]

Tyrimo pagrindimas ir hipotezė. Didinti jėgai treniruotėse naudojami skirtingi svoriai, pasipriešinimas, darbo apimtis, poilsio periodai, dažnis, ir atlikimo greitis. Tradicinę treniruočių priemonę su dideliu pasipriešinimu, galime pakeisti mažu pasipriešinimu kartu apribojant raumenų kraujotaką. Hipotezė: vienkartinė 15; 10; 5 ar 3 minučių trukmės 200 mm Hg slėgio okliuzija gali turėti įtakos fiziniam darbingumui ir kraujotakos intensyvumui. Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti blauzdos raumenų arterinės kraujotakos intensyvumo kaitą ir fizinį darbingumą be ir su skirtingos trukmės 200 mm Hg slėgio okliuzijomis. Uždaviniai. 1. Nustatyti blauzdos raumenų arterinės kraujotakos intensyvumą ramybėje be ir su 200 mm Hg okliuzija. 2. Nustatyti arterinio kraujo spaudimo (AKS) kaitą ramybėje be ir su 200 mm Hg okliuzija. 3. Nustatyti blauzdos raumenų darbingumo kaitą be ir su 15min, 10 min, 5 min ir 3 min trukmės, 200 mm Hg slėgio, okliuzijomis. 4. Nustatyti blauzdos raumenų arterinės kraujotakos intensyvumą ir AKS kaitą po fizinio krūvio, be ir su 15 min, 10 min, 5 min ir 3 min trukmės, 200 mm Hg slėgio, okliuzijomis Tyrimo metodai. Dinamometrija, ergometrija, veninė okliuzinė pletizmografija, Tyrimų organizavimas. Pirmoje tyrimų dalyje kontrolinėje grupėje dalyvavo 6, o eksperimentinėje grupėje 12 vyrų sportuojančių ištvermės sporto šakose. Grupėse 20 minučių registruojama arterinė kraujotaka ramybėje, o eksperimentinėje grupėje atlikta 15 minučių 200 mm Hg slėgio okliuzija. Antroje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research background and hypothesis. Different weights, resistance, scope of work, rest periods, frequency, and performance velocity are used to increase strength in training sessions. The traditional training facility with high resistance can be replaced by low resistance while limiting muscle blood flow. Hypothesis: a single 15, 10, 5 or 3 minute 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure can affect physical working capacity and blood flow intensity. Research aim. Analyse changes in the intensity of the calf muscle arterial blood flow and physical working capacity with and without 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion of different duration. Research tasks. 1. Establish arterial blood flow of the calf muscle at rest with and without 200 mm Hg occlusion. 2. Establish changes in arterial blood pressure at rest with and without 200 mm Hg occlusion. 3. Establish changes in the calf muscle work with and without 15 min, 10 min, 5 min and 3 min 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion. 4. Establish changes in the calf muscle blood flow and arterial blood pressure after exercise, with and without 15 min, 10 min, 5 min and 3 min 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion. Research methods. Dynamometry, ergometry, venous occlusive plethysmography. Research organization. In first part of the research, the control group included six and the experimental group - 12 male athletes in endurance sports. In both groups we recorded arterial blood flow at rest for 20 min; in the experimental group we applied 15 min 200 mm Hg occlusion. In the... [to full text]

Tyrimo aktualumas. Vieni iš pagrindinių moksleivių judamųjų gebėjimų, didele dalimi lemiančių jų fizinį parengtumą, yra greitumas, jėga ir ištvermė bei su jais susiję kompleksiniai gebėjimai. Todėl fiziškai rengiant moksleivius ar jaunuosius sportininkus aktualu žinoti šių judamųjų gebėjimų išugdymo lygį, jų kaitą įvairiais amžiaus tarpsniais. Taip pat planuojant mokymo ar treniravimo vyksmą svarbu žinoti ir moksleivių fizinį pajėgumą, ir jo kaitą. Tyrimo naujumas. Toks visapusis sportuojančių moksleivių judamųjų gebėjimų ir fizinio pajėgumo tyrimas amžiaus aspektu, taikant šiuolaikinius testavimo metodus, Rokiškio rajone vykdomas pirmą kartą. Hipotezė. Sunkiąją atletiką ir ledo ritulį sportuojančių moksleivių judamieji gebėjimai ir specialusis fizinis pajėgumas treniruojantis gerėja, tačiau sparčiau gerėja jaunesnio amžiaus tarpsniu. Tyrimo objektas – sunkiosios atletikos ir ledo ritulio grupių moksleivių judamieji gebėjimai ir specialusis fizinis pajėgumas. Tikslas – ištirti Rokiškio sporto mokyklos sunkiosios atletikos ir ledo ritulio grupių moksleivių judamųjų gebėjimų ir specialiojo fizinio pajėgumo kaitos ypatumus. Uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti Rokiškio sporto mokyklos sunkiosios atletikos ir ledo ritulio grupių 11–14 ir 15–18 metų moksleivių judamųjų gebėjimų kaitą per dvejus metus. 2. Ištirti Rokiškio sporto mokyklos sunkiosios atletikos ir ledo ritulio grupių 11–14 ir 15–18 metų moksleivių specialiojo fizinio pajėgumo kaitą per dvejus metus. 3. Nustatyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Actuality of the research. Quickness, power and endurance, complex abilities related to these are some of the main physical features of pupils that determine their physical qualification on a big part. That is why by preparing pupils and young sportsmen physically, it is actual to know the level of training these moving abilities, their alternation at the various age. It is also important to know physical power of pupils and its alternation by planning the teaching or training process. Newness of the research. This thorough research of moving abilities and physical power of the pupils, who go in for sports, is being done in Rokiškis district for the first time at the age dimension by using modern testing methods. Hypothesis. Moving abilities and special physical power of the pupils, who go in for sports, are improved by training, but they are improved sooner at the younger age. Object of the research. Moving abilities and special physical power of the pupils in the groups of weighlifting and ice-hockey. Purpose. To research alternation peculiarities of moving abilities and special physical power of the pupils in the groups of weighlifting and ice-hockey in Rokiskis sport school. Tasks: 1. To research alternation of moving abilities of 11–14 and 15–18-year-old pupils in the groups of weightlifting and ice-hockey in Rokiskis sport school in a two-year-period. 2. To research alternation of special physical power of 11–14 and 15–18-year-old pupils in the groups of... [to full text]

I studien undersöks hur införandet av ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete kan påverka en organisation. Många arbetsplatser saknar ett fungerande systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, men alla företag är beroende av att personalen mår bra och får vara frisk och därmed kan vara effektiv på sitt arbete. För att öka läsarens förståelse för hur betydelsefullt det är att arbeta aktivt med arbetsmiljöarbete, vill vi visa organisationer hur de genom detta kan uppnå vinster, inte bara de av rent monetär art, utan även de som är av betydande vikt för arbetstagarna, såsom exempelvis ökad trivsel och bättre gemenskap. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär med en interaktiv forskningsprocess. Urvalet har bestått av respondenter på Copy Syd AB. Resultatet visar att det är av stor vikt att införa ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete. Studien pekar på att lönsamhet bland annat kan uppnås i form av nöjda medarbetare som anser att implementeringen av det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet har bidragit till ökad trivsel och effektivitet. De vinster som kan göras i en organisation kan kanske inte alltid mätas i pengar, men om de anställda upplever att deras arbetssituation förbättrats avsevärt både ur fysiskt och psykosocialt hänseende, måste det anses vara vinster av lika stor eller större betydelse. I studien framkommer även att det är möjligt att urskilja effekter på tre nivåer: individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå. / This study examines how the implementation of a systematic work environment management can affect an organization. Many places do not work systematically with the working environment although companies are very dependent of the wellbeing and health of their co-workers as this increases their effectiveness. The aim is to increase the understanding of how important it is to actively address the social and physical environment in a company. We want to show organizations how they can gain profit, not only financially, but through the wellbeing and effectiveness of their employees long-term. The study is qualitative to its disposition and uses an interactive process of research. The sample consisted of respondents from the company Copy Syd AB. The result shows that the implementation of a systematic work environment management is of great importance to the company and its employees. As the study indicates there are positive effects from satisfied co-workers who think that the implementation has contributed to an increased job satisfaction as well as increased efficiency at work. The profit might not always be financial, but if the co-workers experience that their work situation, both physically and psychosocially, is considerably better than before, this profit must be considered as great, or even greater importance than mere economy. In the study it also emerges that it is possible to distinguish effects on three levels: for the individual, for the organization and for the society.

This study investigated the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric free acid (HMBFA) on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in healthy young men and women. Thirty-seven subjects (22 men and 15 women; mean ± SD age = 22.8 ± 3.4yrs) completed an incremental cycle ergometer test (GXT) to exhaustion. During the GXT, electromyography (EMG) signals from the right vastus lateralis were recorded to determine the power output at the onset of neuromuscular fatigue (PWCFT), and peak wattage was used to assign individual training loads. After baseline testing (PRE), subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (C, n = 9), training with placebo (P, n = 14), or training with supplementation (S, n = 14). Subjects assigned to P and S completed 12 HIIT sessions over 4 weeks while subjects assigned to C were asked to maintain their normal diet and activity patterns. After 4 weeks, subjects returned for post-testing (POST). The PWCFT values (W) were determined using a DMAX method. The EMG amplitude root mean square (µVrms) values were used to generate a third-order polynomial regression (3PR) representing the increase in µVrms versus time of the GXT. The onset of fatigue (TF) was defined as the x-value (time, s) of the point on the 3PR that measured the maximal perpendicular distance from the line between the first and last data points. TF was used to estimate PWCFT according to the equation: PWCFT = PO + a · (n/N), where PO is the power output of the stage in which TF occurred, a is the increment in power output between GXT stages (25W), n is the difference (s) between TF and the beginning of the stage during which TF occurred, and N is the duration of a stage (120s). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify group × time interaction for PWCFT. If a significant interaction occurred, one-way factorial ANOVAs were used. Fisher's least significant difference post hoc comparisons were performed between groups. If a significant main effect occurred, dependent samples t-tests with Bonferroni corrections (p = [0.05/3] = 0.017) were performed across time for each group. The two-way ANOVA resulted in a significant interaction (F = 6.69, p = 0.004). Follow-up analysis with one-way ANOVA resulted in no difference among groups at PRE (F = 0.87, p = 0.43), however a significant difference was shown for POST values (F = 5.46, p = 0.009). Post-hoc analysis among POST values showed significant differences between S and both P (p = 0.034) and C (p = 0.003). No differences (p = 0.226) were noted between P and C. Paired samples t-tests detected significant changes following HIIT for S (p < 0.001) and P (p = 0.016), but no change in C (p = 0.473). Results of this study indicate that HIIT was effective in delaying the onset of fatigue, but supplementation with HMBFA in conjunction with HIIT was more effective than HIIT alone. An increase in PWCFT represents an increase in the maximal power output an individual can sustain without eliciting fatigue. Therefore, HIIT can be used to improve performance in both endurance activities as well as intermittent sports. In addition, HMBFA supplementation is a simple method that can be used to maximize the benefits of HIIT. Acknowledgments: Metabolic Technologies, Inc. provided the supplement and funding for this study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the motivation and job satisfaction of teachers in the Ilembe District of KwaZulu-Natal. To this end, a literature study was undertaken on relevant theories and on the results of previous research on the issue. This was followed by an empirical investigation. The research design was a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. During the quantitative phase, a structured questionnaire was completed by 100 respondents from five secondary schools. The qualitative phase involved a phenomenological study in which 16 teachers from the same schools were interviewed. This research found that the teachers generally exhibited high self-efficacies. Teachers with positive self-efficacies were more satisfied with their physical environments and their school’s cultures than the others. However, teachers of different age groups, post levels and personality types were in agreement that the physical working conditions at rural schools were not conducive to effective teaching and learning. Parental involvement in school matters was restricted due to poverty and illiteracy. These factors served to lower teacher motivation and job satisfaction. In addition, teachers believed that school policies related to remuneration, safety and security, school governance, and assessments and evaluations needed to be revised if teacher motivation and job satisfaction were to be raised. Teachers were unhappy with their workloads and the multiple roles they played at school. With respect to interpersonal relations, their relations with their school principals, School Management Teams and parents were unconstructive. Many learners were also ill-disciplined and underachievers. Some significant differences in perceptions were found. Male teachers were more satisfied with policies, interpersonal relationships and school organisation. African teachers were happier than Indian teachers with policies and the nature of the work. Teachers with 26 and more years of experience were less negative about their physical environments. Qualifications also made a difference: teachers with certificates only were the least satisfied with their physical environments, school organisation and structure. Most importantly, teachers who were given the opportunity to demonstrate their potential to be successful, was significantly more satisfied with work-related issues. The study made recommendations to improve the motivation and job satisfaction of teachers. / Education Leadership and Management / D.Ed.(Education Management)

The aim of the study was to investigate the motivation and job satisfaction of teachers in the Ilembe District of KwaZulu-Natal. To this end, a literature study was undertaken on relevant theories and on the results of previous research on the issue. This was followed by an empirical investigation. The research design was a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. During the quantitative phase, a structured questionnaire was completed by 100 respondents from five secondary schools. The qualitative phase involved a phenomenological study in which 16 teachers from the same schools were interviewed. This research found that the teachers generally exhibited high self-efficacies. Teachers with positive self-efficacies were more satisfied with their physical environments and their school’s cultures than the others. However, teachers of different age groups, post levels and personality types were in agreement that the physical working conditions at rural schools were not conducive to effective teaching and learning. Parental involvement in school matters was restricted due to poverty and illiteracy. These factors served to lower teacher motivation and job satisfaction. In addition, teachers believed that school policies related to remuneration, safety and security, school governance, and assessments and evaluations needed to be revised if teacher motivation and job satisfaction were to be raised. Teachers were unhappy with their workloads and the multiple roles they played at school. With respect to interpersonal relations, their relations with their school principals, School Management Teams and parents were unconstructive. Many learners were also ill-disciplined and underachievers. Some significant differences in perceptions were found. Male teachers were more satisfied with policies, interpersonal relationships and school organisation. African teachers were happier than Indian teachers with policies and the nature of the work. Teachers with 26 and more years of experience were less negative about their physical environments. Qualifications also made a difference: teachers with certificates only were the least satisfied with their physical environments, school organisation and structure. Most importantly, teachers who were given the opportunity to demonstrate their potential to be successful, was significantly more satisfied with work-related issues. The study made recommendations to improve the motivation and job satisfaction of teachers. / Education Leadership and Management / D.Ed.(Education Management)