Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analevien.pdf: 5003013 bytes, checksum: dcb48723444228a8576b1f975a2bccfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / The present work is characterized as a historical research which aimed at systematizing, building and narrating some historical events produced by the Turnen, at the Sociedade de Ginástica de São Leopoldo (SGSL São Leopoldo Gymnastics Society), RS. The research had as its meaningful time the foundation of such Society, when it was called Leopoldenser Turnverein (LTV), on 09/01/1885, up to the mid-40s, a moment in which the country faced a strong campaign of nationalization originated, mainly, on the Estado Novo (New State) policies (1937-945). As a theoretical-methodological reference we considered some ideas from the Cultural History. Thus, through primary written sources (documents, records, booklets, etc.) and secondary ones (books, articles) and a number of historical photographs, we analyzed some historical events produced by the Turnen in that institution. The research showed that the Turnen was the main reason for creating the LTV, being the main link with its members and other partner societies, until the end of the 30s. After this period, influenced by the nationalization policies of the Estado Novo (New State), the LTV went through a significant transformation process, which involved statutory changes and the change of its name as well. As a consequence, in 1938 it started to be called Sociedade de Ginástica de São Leopoldo (SGSL São Leopoldo Gymnastics Society). From this moment on, the links of the institution with the German values and culture, characteristics of the German immigrants still remained, however, differently from the previous period, they became less explicit and more discreet. Within the body practices it is highlighted the disappearance of the Turnen, as a gymnastics manifestation, with its own philosophy. This happened from the 40s on, concomitant with the emergence of gymnastics devices at the Sociedade de Ginástica de São Leopoldo (São Leopoldo Gymnastics Society) and with the intensification and proliferation of the sportivization of the gymnastics in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) / Este trabalho caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa histórica que teve como objetivo principal sistematizar, construir e narrar alguns acontecimentos históricos produzidas pelo Turnen, na Sociedade de Ginástica de São Leopoldo (SGSL), RS. A pesquisa teve como recorte temporal a fundação desta Sociedade, quando era chamada de Leopoldenser Turnverein (LTV), em 01/09/1885, até meados da década de 1940, momento em que o país convivia com uma forte campanha de nacionalização oriunda, principalmente, das políticas do Estado Novo (1937-945). Como referência teórico-metodológica consideramos alguns pressupostos da História Cultural. Assim, por meio de fontes escritas primárias (documentos, atas, livretos, etc.) e secundárias (livros, artigos) e de uma série de fotografias históricas, realizamos uma análise de alguns acontecimentos históricos produzidos pelo Turnen naquela instituição. A pesquisa mostrou que o Turnen foi a razão maior da criação da LTV, sendo o principal elo nas relações com seus sócios e com outras sociedades co-irmãs, até o final dos anos de 1930. Após este período, influenciada pelas políticas de nacionalização do Estado Novo, a LTV passou por um significativo processo de transformação, que envolveu mudanças estatutárias e a alteração do seu próprio nome. Como consequência, em 1938 passou a se chamar Sociedade de Ginástica de São Leopoldo (SGSL). A partir deste momento, os vínculos da instituição com os valores e com a cultura germânica, característicos dos imigrantes alemães ainda continuaram existindo, entretanto, diferente do período anterior, eles se tornaram menos explícitos e mais discretos. No âmbito das práticas corporais destaca-se o desaparecimento do Turnen, enquanto uma manifestação ginástica, com uma filosofia própria. Isso ocorreu a partir de 1940, concomitante com a emergência da ginástica de aparelhos na Sociedade de Ginástica de São Leopoldo e com a intensificação e proliferação da esportivização da ginástica no Brasil e no Rio Grande Sul (RS)

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Studien avsåg undersöka om visualisering kan påverka eventuell nervositet och självförtroendet hos gymnaster inför tävling i truppgymnastik, samt huruvida PETTLEPmodellen kontra traditionell visualisering1 ger olika resultat. Följande frågeställningar avses besvaras genom studien: 1. Har visualisering enligt PETTLEP-modellen någon påverkan på nervositet och självförtroende inför en tävling? 2. Skiljer sig eventuell nervositet och självförtroende inför en tävling hos gymnaster beroende på om PETTLEP-modellen eller traditionell visualisering används? Metod 19 deltagare (ålder 17,09, ± 0,92) fullföljde studien. De placerades i en interventions- (IG) och en kontrollgrupp (KG) utan randomisering. IG genomgick ett PETTLEP-program (nio sessioner under tre veckor). Visualiseringen utfördes cirka 15 minuter före träning i ett rum intill hallen. IG guidades av studiens författare. KG utförde två sessioner med traditionell visualisering. I studien användes Immediate Anxiety Measurement Scale (IAMS), the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) och en manipulationscheck som mätinstrument. Resultat En mixed ANOVA visade att den enda signifikanta skillnaden var självförtroendets påverkan, p = &gt; .05. Självförtroendets påverkan ökade från M = -0,13 till M = 2,00 för IG. Intensiteten av mental och fysisk nervositet ökade hos KG från M = 3,90 respektive M = 3,70 vid första tillfället till M = 5,20 respektive M = 4,90 vid sista tillfället. Intensiteten av fysisk nervositet och självförtroendet ökade från M = 3,87 respektive M = 3,88 till M = 4,38 respektive M = 4,50 för IG. Den mentala nervositetens påverkan ökade från första till sista tillfället för IG (M = -0,5 resp. M = 0,75). Frekvensen av mental och fysisk nervositet för KG ökade från M = 3,70 resp. M = 3,60 till M = 4,90 resp. M = 4,40. Slutsats Självförtroendets påverkan på prestationen ökade hos IG medan KG minskade. Det kan inte fastställas att studiens innehåll var den enda bidragande faktorn till resultatet. Ett flertal skillnader kunde utläsas (ej signifikanta), men trend och effektstorlek talar för en viss förändring på ett fåtal av resultaten. Således behövs mer forskning inom området. 1Traditionell visualisering, till skillnad från PETTLEP-modellen, tar inte hänsyn till neurovetenskapligt framtagna rekommendationer så som PETTLEP-modellen gör / <p>Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p>

Watching oneself on video (self-observation) compared to self-observation coupled with a skilled model video (mixed-models) was examined in a gymnastics environment to determine whether combining two model types would be better than just one. Twenty-one gymnasts learned one gymnastics skill with mixed-models and a second skill with self-observation across pre-test, three learning sessions, and post-test. Physical performance, scored by two evaluators, revealed a significant condition by session interaction (F(3,51) = 3.329, p = .027). At session 3 and post-test, scores obtained with mixed-models were significantly higher than those with self-observation. Cognitive representation of the skills was measured at pre-test and post-test via error detection and recognition tests, analyzed using signal detection. Participants had significantly higher response sensitivity scores with mixed-models (F(1,14) = 10.810, p = .005) compared to self-observation. The conclusion drawn is that it is better to incorporate self and skilled models in a gymnastics setting than self-observation alone.

A estatura é um dos atributos físicos de grande destaque para o homem e para a mulher e, dependendo do meio ou da cultura, é valorizada de diferentes formas. Quando se faz referência ao esporte e a atletas de alto nível, a primeira imagem que nos vem à mente é a de uma figura alta e forte. No entanto, na Ginástica Artística (GA), especialmente no setor feminino, a maioria das ?grandes? campeãs apresenta uma característica em comum: a estatura baixa. No Brasil, a população em geral acredita que o fato se deve ao treinamento intensivo da modalidade. Conseqüentemente, pais chegam a proibir que as filhas pratiquem a modalidade preocupados com o comprometimento da estatura adulta. Até o momento, os estudos científicos realizados têm demonstrado que os aspectos biomecânicos, a rigorosa seleção natural e, principalmente, fatores hereditários provavelmente sejam os maiores responsáveis pela estatura baixa das ginastas. No entanto, a maioria desses estudos são realizados com atletas pré-púberes e adolescentes que estão em plena fase de crescimento. A falta de estudos conclusivos e especialmente relacionados à fase adulta das ginastas, mesmo no contexto internacional, contribui para a perpetuação do mito da estatura baixa na GA em alguns países como o Brasil. Assim, é preciso conduzir estudos específicos e em maior profundidade a fim de verificar se há ou não comprometimento da estatura final da ginasta de alto nível na fase adulta devido ao treinamento. Estudos que relacionem o crescimento estatural com ênfase na fase adulta da atleta de GA ainda não foram encontrados na nossa literatura. Além de raros, inclusive no contexto internacional, essas pesquisas são necessárias para esclarecer dúvidas e levantar evidências que possam justificar ou quebrar o mito relacionado à modalidade. O objetivo da nossa pesquisa foi levantar dados referentes à estatura de ex-ginastas e ginastas adultas de alto nível no Brasil, para verificar possíveis evidências de que o potencial hereditário estabelecido para estatura adulta tenha sido prejudicado devido ao treinamento de alto nível na Ginástica Artística. Utilizou-se o método quantitativo para comparação dos dados familiares referentes à estatura e maturação de 45 ex-ginastas e 06 ginastas em atividade com idade mínima de 18 anos. Os nossos resultados demonstraram que a estatura da ginasta de alto nível no Brasil está dentro da normalidade de acordo com os órgãos oficiais que estabelecem os referenciais para estatura em cada faixa etária. Evidenciaram também estreita relação entre a estatura média dos pais e a estatura final das ginastas, fator também observado na comparação entre as ginastas e respectivas irmãs, indicando que, aparentemente, o potencial genético ou fator hereditário estabelecido para a estatura não foi prejudicado em decorrência do treinamento de alto nível na Ginástica Artística / The stature is one of the physical attributes of great prominence for the man and for the woman and depending on the means or the culture it is valued in different ways. When reference is done to the sport and athletes of high level the first image that it comes to mind is of one that is tall and strong. However, in the artistic gymnastics (GA), especially in the feminine section, most of the \"great\" champions present a characteristic in common: the low stature. In Brazil, the population, in general believes, that the fact is due to the intensive training of the modality. Consequently, parents even prohibit their daughters to practice the modality worried about the compromising of the adult stature. Until the moment, the accomplished scientific studies have demonstrated that the aspects biomechanics, the rigorous natural selection and, mainly, hereditary factors are probably the largest responsible for the low stature of the gymnasts. However, most of these studies are accomplished with prepubescent and adolescent athletes that are in the middle of the growth phase. The lack of conclusive studies and especially related to the adult phase of the gymnasts, even in the international context, they contribute to the perpetuation of the myth of the low stature in GA in some countries, as Brazil. So, it is necessary to drive specific studies in larger depth in order to verify if there is or not compromising in the final stature of the gymnast of high level in the adult phase due to the training. Studies which are related to height growth with emphasis in the athletes of GA adult phase still were not found in our literature. Besides being rare, also in the international context, these studies are necessary to explain doubts and evidences that can justify to raise or to break the myth related to the modality. The objective of our research was to lift data regarding the stature of former-gymnasts and adult gymnasts of high level in Brazil, to verify possible evidences that the established hereditary potential for adult stature has been harmed due to the training of high level in the Artistic Gymnastics. The quantitative method was used for comparison of the family data regarding the stature and maturation of 45 former-gymnasts and 06 gymnasts in activity with minimum age 18 years old. Our results demonstrated that the stature of the gymnast of high level in Brazil is in the normality in accordance with the official organs which establish the reference for stature in each age group. It was also evidenced the narrow relationship between the parents medium stature and the final stature of the gymnasts, fact also observed in the stature in comparison with the gymnasts and respective sisters, indicating that seemingly, the genetic potential or established hereditary factor for the stature were not harmed due to the training of high level in the artistic gymnastics

Personal participation in floor exercise choreography and performance, observation of performances by other gymnasts, and conversations 'With other; coaches, and gymnasts· have intensified the author's awareness of a widespread lack of knowledge and understanding about the interpretation and use of music in floor exercise. When choreographing optional floor exercise routines, coaches and gymnasts have difficulty selecting appropriate music, interpreting the music, and choreographing routines to complement the music. Even after routines are finally developed, many of them lack style, originality, amplitude, flow, precision of rhythm and execution, and expressiveness. Many of these qualities are also lacking in the performance of compulsory routines, partially because gymnasts are not able to accurately and aesthetically interpret the music. Concern for this problem stimulated the author to investigate available literature on floor exercise. The literature indicated the importance of the proper use of music as well as skill in tumbling, dance, and acrobatic movements; however, it did not emphasize that gymnasts be trained in the fundamentals of music, which may enable them to accurately and aesthetically interpret music for their routines. After further investigation of the literature in the areas of floor exercise, physical education, dance education, music education, and rhythm education, it was concluded that the development of a music-movement Syllabus with supportive audio-visual aids, for training gymnasts and gymnastic coaches, could be of value in improving floor exercise training programs.

Title: Common characteristics of calisthenics as a relatively new sport and gymnastics Purposes: Based on literary research and own experiences profile the penetration between gymnastics and calisthenics as a relatively new sport. Find out the views of trainers and racers in calisthenics on the use of gymnastics training for this new sport through the questionnaire survey and design a structured movement program for beginners using selected blocks of gymnastic motor-functional training. Methods: This diploma thesis is of non-experimental character. To obtain the necessary data were used methods of literature research, observation method and especially questionnaire method, which was applied to a group of 55 respondents. Data were processed in Excel into graphs. Results: The conclusions of the questionnaire survey were presented in the form of well-arranged graphs and testify about the interest of calisthenics trainers and competitors in gymnastic training. The proposed structured motion program is based on the conclusions of the literary research and own experience. It draws mainly on selected blocks from gymnastic motor- functional training and in each of the selected blocks are presented demonstration exercises with description and photo documentation. Key words: Calisthenics, gymnastics,...

Title: Comparing the results of fitness tests of young gymnasts with the values recommended by FIG Objectives: The objective of this work is to compare the results of selected motoric tests from the official material of FIG with the same tests measured with young gymnasts in a sports facility called Jojo Gym in Dobřichovice. Methods: The thesis is of comparative character - the results of motoric tests presented in the official materials of FIG are compared with the measured values of young gymnasts at a structured performance level. The major method used to obtain the data from motoric tests is measurement. Selected gymnastics tests are targeted mainly at the diagnosis of speed-strength skills and flexibility. It is a one-time measurement. Results: Except for one test, the gymnasts did not reach the values given in the official materials of FIG. The formulated academic question was confirmed mainly by the fitness tests 1 to 4, when the groups with lower practice intensity reached significantly worse results in comparison with the group with higher practice intensity. Keywords: gymnastics, talented youth, FIG, motoric skills

Title: The analysis of the content of the compulsory routines program in women's artistic gymnastics Aim: The aim of this work is to compare the competition programs of the Czech Republic, the United States of America and the United Kingdom, including the competition program issued and recommended by FIG (International Gymnastics Federation) in women's gymnastics with emphasis of the content and structure of the mandatory competition program. Methods: There were two methods used in this work, namely analysis of the content of selected documents in selected countries, and it is in the United states of America, Great Britain, Czech Republic and the program issued and recommended by International Gymnastics Federation. The following content features of selected documents were determined for content analysis: age and performance structure of the program, permeability of the competition program, integration of the compulsory routines into the competition program and movement content of the compulsory routines. The research set consists of parts of the competition programs, where the decisive selection criteria was the presence of compulsory routines within the competition program, competition program was available on the websites , and in English or Czech language, ale success of the competitors who...

Good dietary habits and healthy diet, as part of sports training of gymnasts, have often been neglected. The thesis summarises the available information and recommendations on an optimal diet for young gymnasts. The aim of the thesis is to compare the approaches of coaches and parents of gymnasts from three Prague gymnastics clubs to dietary habits of younger school-age gymnasts. Non-standardized questionnaires were used in the thesis and the results of the survey conducted among a group of coaches and a group of parents of younger school- age gymnasts were compared using the comparative method. The output of the thesis is a comparison of the approaches of coaches and parents to dietary habits of gymnasts. It was concluded that parents have a more consistent approach to dietary habits, monitoring changes in their children's weight and body height more frequently. Proper water intake is observed by coaches more thoroughly. Keywords: gymnastics, dietary habits, coach, parents.

In gymnastics, the performance is evaluated by a subjective rating, whereby one of the biggest problems is the validity and reliability of judgment. The process of observing and evaluating complex motor skills such as those found in gymnastics is located in the cyclical interaction between perception and action, raising the key question, how the quantifiable movement execution is related to the perceived movement quality. Therefore, the thesis aimed at a first step to kinematically analyze selected prototypical gymnastics skills to investigate at a second step the underlying perceptual-cognitive mechanism when observing and evaluating those skills. In the analysis of kinematics, it was focused on the classification and structuring of temporal-spatial continuous kinematic movement patterns and their relationship to the perceived movement quality. In the investigation of the perceptual-cognitive mechanism, it was focused on how skill kinematics are related to the perceived movement quality. Furthermore, the gaze pattern was evaluated and examined during the observation. Five consecutive studies were conducted to achieve those objectives. It was shown that complex gymnastics skills can be kinematically structured into prototypical movement patterns, which differ concerning certain variant and invariant kinematic characteristics. The results of a model-based approach to predict perceived movement quality out of the kinematics of gymnastics skills showed a significant relationship between the predicted score and the true score. Overall, the models worked best for the vault skill, which was the shortest skill with the least spatial variability. Out of all models, the neural network approach showed the best results. Furthermore, it was found, that the similarity of the kinematics of gymnastics skills did not correlate with the similarity of the perceived movement quality. During the evaluation, the gaze pattern was influenced by the manipulation of the amount of non-kinematic information. This was especially the case for the last skill. Expertise seemingly influenced the perceptual-cognitive mechanism partially, but no clear pattern was visible. The results provided first insights on how gymnastics performances and the resulting judgment scores are related. The complexity of gymnastics skills and additionally, the similarity of the performance level in high elite sport is increasing. This challenge as well as the fast development of technologies leads to the occurrence of computer-based judging systems. Their reliability and validity, but also their challenges and opportunities in artistic gymnastics should be further investigated.