Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T15:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeottirodrigues.pdf: 657636 bytes, checksum: a638d9bc0ab90452d6b1b057f0c64489 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:51:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeottirodrigues.pdf: 657636 bytes, checksum: a638d9bc0ab90452d6b1b057f0c64489 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeottirodrigues.pdf: 657636 bytes, checksum: a638d9bc0ab90452d6b1b057f0c64489 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O presente estudo teve o intuito de analisar os conteúdos midiáticos das campanhas de comunicação de massa produzidas pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, voltadas à prevenção do HIV/aids. Tais mídias são concebidas como dispositivos produtores de determinados enunciados que se apresentam como verdades no contexto do HIV/aids. Resultado produzido pela articulação entre saberes-poderes em torno da questão da aids e estratégias de governamentalidade que definem modos de viver. A aids, enquanto fenômeno social, sobre o qual se desenvolvem políticas públicas de prevenção, quando enunciada por meio de certos dispositivos como a mídia, estabelece determinadas concepções sobre a doença e prescreve condutas à população. As campanhas de prevenção ao HIV/aids do Ministério da Saúde são pautadas por estas políticas públicas e, ao produzirem enunciações acerca da prevenção, instituem posições de sujeito a serem ocupadas por pessoas que acessam os serviços de saúde, onde as políticas públicas são implementadas e por onde circulam essas mídias. Tais posições são então ocupadas por indivíduos, que irão ou não aderir a uma mudança de atitude comportamental, terem ou não práticas sexuais seguras, utilizar preservativos, enfim, consumir os produtos da prevenção. Assim, os conteúdos e informações acerca da aids que foram e ainda são construídos e enunciados pela mídia, de 1998 a 2010, em especial a partir dessas campanhas, constitui a principal fonte documental desta pesquisa. Os enunciados que compõem os releases das campanhas foram analisados a partir do referencial teórico de Michel Foucault, por meio do método da Análise do Discurso. O objetivo geral foi investigar como estas campanhas enunciam os sujeitos das políticas públicas de prevenção à aids e quais enunciados de prevenção são propagados, sendo, assim, possível investigar a mídia como dispositivo produtivo para a governamentalidade no âmbito da saúde pública brasileira. Ao focar nestas fontes de pesquisa, esta proposta de investigação ressalta o atributo político destes dispositivos midiáticos, em seu caráter produtivo, em sua capacidade de disseminar discursos e de fabricar verdades sobre temas tão complexos como a aids. Os resultados constatam que o discurso das campanhas utiliza-se, basicamente, da estratégia de incentivo ao uso do preservativo masculino, responsabilizando e culpabilizando o indivíduo no que se refere às medidas de prevenção e meios diagnósticos; emprega-se uma pedagogia propositiva que incide nos comportamentos e nos modos de vivência da sexualidade; e, principalmente, ao tratar da prevenção, não abarca a proposta da prevenção posithiva, uma das mais importantes contribuições para a renovação da política nacional de combate à epidemia. / The present study had the aim of analyzing the midia contents of mass media campaigns produced by the Brazilian health Ministry, targeting HIV/aids prevention. Such medias are conceived as devices which produce certain statements that are presented as truths in the HIV/aids context. Result produced by the articulation between knowledge-power surrounding the issue of aids and the strategies of governability which define ways to live. Aids, as a social phenomenon, about which public policies on prevention are developed, when enunciated by means of certain devices such as the media, establishes conceptions about the disease and prescribes conducts to the population. The campaigns of HIV/aids prevention by the Health Ministry are based by such public policies and, by producing statements about prevention, institute subject positions to be occupied by people who access health care services, where the public policies are implemented and where these medias circulate. Such positions are then occupied by individuals, who will adhere or not to a change in behavioral attitude, have or not safe sexual practices, use condoms, thus, consume the prevention products. Therefore, the content and information about aids which were and still are constructed and enunciated by the media, from 1998 to 2010, especially by means of such campaigns, constitutes the main document source of this research. The statements which compose the campaign releases were analyzed from the theoretical perspective of Michel Foucault, by means of Discourse Analysis. The main goal was to investigate how these campaigns enunciate the subjects of the public policies of aids prevention and which statements of prevention are propagated, being, therefore, possible to investigate the media as a productive device to governability in the scope of Brazilian public health care. By focusing on these research sources, this investigation proposal highlights the political attribute of such media devices, in their productive character, in their capacity to disseminate discourses and fabricate truths about issues as complex as aids. The results prove that the discourse of the campaigns utilizes basically of the incentive strategy to the use of the male condom, placing responsibility and culpability on the individual in regards to preventive measures and means of diagnosis; a positive pedagogy is applied which regards behaviors and means of living sexuality; and mainly, in terms of prevention, it does not encompass the positive prevention proposal, one of the most important contributions to the renewal of the national policy of combat to the epidemic.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-22T15:05:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracalaisoliveiracorrea.pdf: 9561073 bytes, checksum: e1c09d61ca1008fa65fa32c13133f55b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-22T17:38:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracalaisoliveiracorrea.pdf: 9561073 bytes, checksum: e1c09d61ca1008fa65fa32c13133f55b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:38:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracalaisoliveiracorrea.pdf: 9561073 bytes, checksum: e1c09d61ca1008fa65fa32c13133f55b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-15 / O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar como os saberes e práticas dos gestores dos serviços que atendem as pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids se organizam no município de Juiz de Fora/MG. Desta forma, tomou-se, como eixo balizador, o que esta preconizado na lei 8080/90 que dispõe sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde e pelo documento elaborado pela Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde do Departamento Nacional de Dst, HIV/Aids e Hepatites Virais do Ministério da Saúde que versa sobre os princípios e diretrizes da Política Nacional de Dst/Aids. Para construção da reflexão da temática tratada, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental com vistas ao resgate histórico do surgimento da Aids, a discussão sobre a construção do Departamento Nacional de Dst, HIV/Aids e Hepatites Virais e o Programa Municipal de Dst/Aids. No plano empírico, foi realizada uma pesquisa cujo instrumento de verificação dos dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Considerando o objeto de estudo, foi feita a opção pela avaliação qualitativa como método mais apropriado para a investigação do tema. Para interpretação dos dados, foi utilizada a analise de conteúdo por possibilitar a construção das respostas da pesquisa proposta. Os resultados apresentam os limites e possibilidades da atenção as pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids no município de Juiz de Fora. Também descreve a visão dos sujeitos do estudo (gestores) sobre a perspectiva diante dos desafios apontados frente à política de Dst/HIV/Aids e o SUS. / The objective of this study was to examine how knowledge and practices of managers of facilities that serve people living with HIV / Aids are organized in the city of Juiz de Fora / MG. Then it became, as a central marker, which is recommended by law 8080/90 which provides for the Health System and the document prepared by the Secretariat of Health Policies of the National Aids Program of the Ministry of Health deals with the principles and guidelines of the National Dst/Aids. For construction of the reflection of themes treated, a survey was conducted in order to rescue documentary history of the emergence of Aids, the discussion about the construction of the National Dst/ Aids Program and the Municipal Dst/ Aids. Empirically, we conducted a survey whose instrument for examining the data was the semi-structured interview. Where as the object of study, was the choice of qualitative assessment as the most suitable method for investigating the content. For interpretation of the data was used to analyze the content by allowing the construction of the responses of the proposed research. The results show the limits and possibilities of care to people living with HIV / Aids in the municipality of Juiz de Fora. It also describes the vision of the study subjects (managers) about the prospect of facing challenges set out before a policy for Dst/HIV/ Aids and the SUS.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Aim The aim of the study was to determine the oral health knowledge,management and referral patterns of patients with oral manifestations of HIV by Primary Health Care Nurses.Background Nurses working in Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities, and nursing educators, play a pivotal role in the early identification, referral and diagnosis of patients who present for treatment of health problems. They are in an ideal position to identify HIVinfected persons through a simple visual assessment of the mouth, in order to diagnose oral lesions that may be prognostic of HIV, and to then refer these persons for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). Timely referral will lead to early medical intervention, with lower treatment costs and improved patient quality of life.Methods The study design comprised of a pre- and post-education test, training and provision of educational material, together with a quantitative and qualitative selfadministered questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered information on nurses demographics,experience, knowledge, training and treatment practices.The study design was a cross-sectional survey which was conducted during the period July to October 2010. The study population consisted of 121 nurses based at Primary Health Care and nursing education facilities within the uMgungundlovu Health District in KwaZulu-Natal. The chi-squared test was utilised to determine the statistical significance of the preeducation and post-education test results and Pearsons Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the significance of correlations between variables. A p-value of <0.05 was regarded as being statistically significant.Results A large number of the respondents did not receive substantial oral health education during both their pre-qualification and post-qualification education stages. Nurses had an inadequate knowledge of oral health assessment and of oral conditions, especially with regard to the common prognostic oral manifestations of HIV. The post-test results were statistically significant (p< .0001), indicating that the provision of education and training to the nurses had a significant impact on nurses knowledge of oral conditions. More than twothirds of the nurses (67,8%) reported that they do not examine the mouth as part of routine overall assessment of the patient, and only 13% referred patients for VCT.Conclusions There is a need to include oral health assessment and oral health promotion into both undergraduate and post-graduate nursing curricula. Further research is needed to identify the specific oral health training needs of all categories of nurses in order to overcome the barriers that prevent nurses from assessing the mouth. Oral health assessment and oral health promotion should become a key part of the curricula of nurses training. The use of oral health promotion workers at a primary health care level should also be considered.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how school principals understand HIV/AIDS and how their knowledge, attitude and interpretation filter in the implementation of the HIV policy in schools. The study comprises a literature review and empirical investigation. The results of this study can be used in planning and implementing HIV policy in schools. The data were collected by administering semi-structured interviews. Ten school principals from the Dennilton circuit in Southern Region of the Limpopo Province were interviewed. The results show that the majority of the principals involved in the study confirm that HIV/AIDS is an incurable disease caused by a virus and is mainly sexually transmitted. Some principals regard their school safe from HIV infection. Their assumption is based on the absence of HIV positive learners and educators in their schools. The principals are aware of the rights of HIV positive learners and educators. Significantly, the research findings indicate that the majority of schools lack educators with HIV/AIDS training, rules on safety precautions and first aid kits. It is recommended that ongoing HIV/AIDS training programmes be provided for educators to enable them to educate the youth on HIV/AIDS. Additionally, schools should focus on strategies to implement universal safety precautions against HIV transmission and to obtain first aid kits. Lastly, school principals should involve parents and other stakeholders in creating a positive school environment for HIV positive learners and educators. / Dissertation (MEd (Education Management))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Magister Artium - MA / Due to tremendous stigma attached to HIV/AIDS, revelation of HIV positive sero-status of an individual has become a significant risk in communities of South Africa (Kalichman el al., 2003;Deacon et al., 2004; Kalichman et al., 2005, Simbayi et al., 2007). Several researchers have argued that HIV/AIDS stigma poses severe problems which include that it delays HIV testing;stops people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) from seeking care; inhibits incorporation of prevention behaviours; increases violence against HIV-positive people; and extends beyond PLWHA to families, providers and volunteers. HIV/AIDS stigma is widespread, and it is widely accepted that it does not only reflect but also is exacerbated by co-existing stigmas related to poverty, race, gender, substance use, and sexual behaviour (Parker et al., 2002; Parker & Aggleton, 2003; Holloway, Seaton, Taylor, 2004).This study aimed to understand whether HIV/AIDS as a social construct and those living with HIV/AIDS are understood and responded to differently by males and females and those previously classified by the apartheid divisive policy as African and Coloured participants in the context of their daily encounters. Hence, the study investigated whether there is a relationship between race, gender and HIV/AIDS stigma among participants and whether this relationship is mediated by age, educational level, and participants’ household situation. In addition, the study explored whether gendered stigmatization is subscribed to by participants, while it further sought to assess the extent to which participants were exposed to HIV and AIDS; and whether there were gender and racial differences with respect to participants’ perceptions about PLWHA.Finally, the study scrutinized participants’ perceived levels where they believe interventions to eliminate stigma could be prioritized. This study utilized a survey questionnaire drawn up on the basis of qualitative findings in earlier studies on stigma and HIV/AIDS in both ‘African’ and ‘coloured’ communities. Two hundred participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method in the Mitchell’s Plain area of Cape Town, South Africa. The sample was stratified by ‘race’ and gender with the majority between the age of 35 and 49 years; 50.3 % of the respondents in the sample were males, while 49.7 % were females. The majority of the respondents were Africans of Xhosa speaking descent(49.2 %) and coloureds (48.2 %) with a small proportion of whites (2.5 %). All standard ethical procedures for research with human participants were adhered to and the project was registered with the UWC Research & Ethics Committee. All participants responded on the basis of informed consent and consent forms were signed to confirm ethical assurances. Confidentiality of the data was observed and the data was kept in a locked up and secure place for a period of five years after the study. Completed survey questionnaires were coded, and analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0 (SPSS) and SAS.Inferential statistics showed highly significant gender differences in participants’ personal stigmatization. More so, personal stigma attitudes were more likely to be found among older males and with means to support their households. Descriptive results showed these older males were less likely to know someone with HIV. The study acknowledged that HIV and AIDS as well as PLWHA are socially constructed and intersected with existing social inequalities on difference and hence, recommends that interventions to address HIV/AIDS stigma need to take cognizance of the contexts in which it occurs. It seems important to address de-stigmatization efforts at coloured families since descriptive results reflect some denial that HIV is a challenge and/or that PLWHA are stigmatized in families and community at large. Gendered constructions of stigma, while impacting on both men and women (since both appear to be stigmatized differently), are clearly still salient and it is recommended that efforts be continually made to raise the way in which gender, class, racialised and other differences of power are being played in community responses to HIV and those living with HIV/AIDS.

Background: HIV/AIDS has existed officially for more than 35 years and is now seen as a global epidemic. The disease has claimed many victims and there is no indication showing decrease of the mortality rate. The disease is currently incurable, but antiretroviral drugs have good effect at slowing down the process. The persons who live with the disease are exposed to stigma and, sometimes, negative attitudes. The negative attitudes could affect the person’s willingness carry through the test. It might also lead to an unequal care. Aim: To describe the nursing staff’s attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and the people who live with HIV/AIDS. Method: A literature review, based on two qualitative articles and eight quantitative articles. The articles were collected from the databases CINAHL complete and PubMed with the chosen keywords. Results: The result contained of three categories: Nursing staff’s attitudes, Possible causes for negative and positive attitudes and Possible consequences of negative attitudes. The first category was about the attitudes from nursing staff towards HIV/AIDS and towards people who live with the disease. The second category was about possible causes for the negative attitudes and the last category was about the consequences of the negative attitudes. Discussions: The discussions were classified into two main sections, Possible consequences of negative attitudes and How the suffering appears, which included one minor section: How the caregiver can ease the suffering.  The sections were discussed using the concept of suffering according to Katie Eriksson, especially the suffering related to health care. The first section deals with how consequences of negative attitudes among the nursing staff affect the patients. The second section describes how suffering related to the care emerges in the patient due to the negative attitudes. The final, minor section shows examples of how the caregiver can mitigate the suffering. / Bakgrund: HIV/AIDS har funnits officiellt i över 35 år och ses idag som en global epidemi. Sjukdomen har skördat många offer och det finns ingen indikation på att dödssiffrorna minskar. Sjukdomen är obotlig men bromsmedicinerna som finns ger god effekt. Personerna som lever med sjukdomen utsätts för stigma och ibland negativa attityder. De negativa attityderna kan påverka personens vilja att testa sig och kan även leda till en ojämlik vård. Syfte: Beskriva vårdpersonalens attityder till HIV/AIDS och personerna som lever med HIV/AIDS. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserades på två kvalitativa och åtta kvantitativa resultatartiklar. Dessa hämtades från databaserna CINAHL complete och PubMed med hjälp av valda nyckelord. Resultat: Resultatet bestod av tre kategorier: Vårdpersonalens attityder, Möjliga orsaker till negativa och positiva attityder samt Möjliga konsekvenser av negativa attityder. Den första kategorin handlar om vårdpersonalens attityder mot HIV/AIDS och dem som är drabbade av sjukdomen, den andra kategorin handlar om möjliga orsaker till de negativa attityderna och den sista kategorin handlar om vilka konsekvenser de negativa attityderna ger.  Diskussion: Resultatdiskussionen indelades i två större avsnitt, Möjliga konsekvenser av negativa attityder samt Hur lidandet uttrycks med ett mindre avsnitt, Hur vårdaren kan lindra lidandet. Avsnitten diskuterades med hjälp av Katie Erikssons lidandebegrepp där fokus låg på vårdlidande. Det första avsnittet handlar om konsekvenserna av vårdpersonalens negativa attityder som påverkar patienten. Det andra avsnittet beskriver hur vårdlidande uppstår hos patienten på grund av de negativa attityderna. I det sista avsnittet ges exempel på hur vårdaren kan lindra vårdlidandet.

Bakgrund. HIV är förkortningen av Humman Immunbrist Virus medan AIDS förkortningen är Acquried Immune Deficieny Syndrome. HIV upptäcktes först i USA under 1980-talet. De senaste 20 åren har 750 000 dött av HIV/AIDS i USA. HIV ingår i familjen retrovirus och har förmåga att omvandla sina RNA arvanslag till DNA kopia med hjälp ett enzym. En obehandlad HIV utvecklas till AIDS som är slutstadiet. Det beräknas att ca 38,7 miljoner människor lever med HIV idag världen över. HIV/AIDS smittar främst via oskyddad sex, kontakt med infekterade kroppsvätskor och stick-och skärskador. Att få en HIV-diagnos är svårt och kan leda till svår psykisk ohälsa på grund av HIV-relaterade stigma. Syfte: Att belysa hur HIV- och/eller AIDS-smittade personer upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan i USA. Metod: Studien är baserad på nio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna är bearbetade och granskade enligt Fribergs granskningsmall, (2018). Databaserna som användes vid sökningen är Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: HIV/AIDS-smittade patienter i USA upplevde båda positiva och negativa upplevelser i mötet med sjuksköterskan. Resultatet presenteras i följande kategorier: Behovet av stöd vid diagnostiseringen, Respekt och Medmänsklighet, Brist på respekt och ignorans, Stigmatiserande och Förtroende för vårdgivare. Slutsats: I resultatet framkommer att HIV och/eller AIDS-smittade personer som upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan som negativt är överrepresenterade. Detta tyder på att sjuksköterskor behöver utbildning och kunskap för att bli bättre i mötet med dessa patienter och erbjuda en god och värdig vård. / Background: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) was detected in the United States during 1980s and over 750 000 have died for the last 20 years because of HIV. The Virus is included in the retroviruses family and it has the ability to convert it’s RNA inheritance to DNA by using an enzyme. An untreated HIV makes it harder for the body to fight back the virus and this developing can end the life. Today it’s estimated that more than 38,7 million people worldwide live with HIV. The virus is mainly transmitted through unprotected sex, contact with infected body fluids and cutting injuries. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how HIV/AIDS infected people experience during the meeting with the nurses in the United States. Method: The method used in the study was based on 9 qualitative scientific articles. Result: The result of this study shows that the infected persons of the virus, experience both negatively and positively feelings during the meeting with the nurses. Conclusion: The result shows that persons experience negatively feelings is higher than the others are. It’s obvious that the nurses in the United States need more knowledge and practice about how to take care and response for the HIV effected persons.

HIV is a virus that leads to AIDS. Millions of people are living with HIV. Globally, there is an increased incidence of this disease among adolescents. In literature, there is a gap regarding how social determinants of health have jointly or singly contributed to HIV/AIDS transmission. With the application of the AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM) to the secondary analysis of survey data, the purpose of this study was to determine whether any significant relationships existed between adolescents' childhood health care factors, demographic factors, social-level factors, structural-level factors, aspects of disease management factors, and knowledge about HIV transmission/AIDS among Nigerian adolescents. Survey data were used from Measure Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) in Nigeria for 2008. Multiple linear regression revealed that childhood vaccinations were a weak predictor for HIV transmission risk (R2 - 0.020). Gender, age, place of residence, education, religion and culture, some disease management aspects (e.g., accessibility and affordability of care), and wealth index were all significant but weak predictors of knowledge of HIV/AIDS (R2 = 0.016, R2 = 0.019, R2 = 0.003 & R2 0.015). The potential positive social change effect of the study would be HIV transmission reduction through increasing knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents in Nigeria. The results could be used by both governmental and nongovernmental organizations to influence childhood healthcare improvements and advance education to help reduce or eradicate the causes of HIV/ AIDS transmission among adolescents in Nigeria.

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