Cette thèse propose une étude sur l'histoire du culte élisabéthain et son évolution en Slovaquie médiévale entre le XIIIe et le XVIe siècle. Elle s'appuie sur un corpus de 61 représentations visuelles, croisé avec les textes hagiographiques, liturgiques et littéraires, et replacé dans son contexte historique et spatial.Le culte de sainte Élisabeth a été un des plus répandus à travers l'Europe du bas Moyen Âge. Porté par la nouvelle sainteté mendiante, l'exemple d'Élisabeth a trouvé un écho puissant dans son pays d'origine, la Hongrie, immédiatement après sa canonisation en 1235. Plusieurs facteurs contribuèrent à la diffusion de la vénération de cette figure féminine : les familles royales, à commencer par celle des Árpád jusqu'au roi Mathias Corvin ; les mendiants ; et, enfin, les colons allemands. Une première partie de la thèse délimite l'espace géographique du thème étudié et présente les sources iconographiques et hagiographiques élisabéthaines qui constituent la base à partir de laquelle se déploie les grandes caractéristiques du culte. Elle recense d'une part les documents d'ordre juridique et biographique sur sainte Élisabeth, puis place sa personne dans la pratique liturgique à partir des manuscrits conservés en Slovaquie. D'autre part, elle présente l'image de la sainte, qui apparait sur des supports variés, grâce à un corpus iconographique inédit.Dans la deuxième partie, Élisabeth est replacée dans les contextes historiques hongrois et slovaque pour définir les premières formes de l'établissement de son culte. L'étude de la topographie témoigne de l'abondance des lieux dédiés à la sainte dans les décennies suivant sa mort.La troisième partie expose les divers motifs et scènes iconographiques de sainte Élisabeth telles qu'elles ont été pratiquées en Slovaquie et les croisent avec les modèles d'autres pays d'Europe. Les images élisabéthaines, auxquelles les fidèles s'identifient aisément, sont soumises à l'analyse pour démontrer leur plasticité au sein de la société médiévale où différents groupes sociopolitiques peuvent se les approprier selon ses propres besoins spirituels. Cette analyse située à la croisée de deux disciplines : l'histoire et l'histoire de l'art, apporte un regard nouveau sur les variations du culte d'une sainte à travers un rassemblement inédit de ses représentations du XIIIe au XVIe siècle. / This thesis deals with the history of the Elizabethan cult and its evolution in Medieval Slovakia between the 13th and the 16th centuries. It is based on a corpus of 61 visual representations crosschecked against hagiographic, liturgical and literary texts and put in its historical and spatial context. The cult of Saint Elizabeth is one of the most widespread throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Backed by the new begging holiness, the example of Elizabeth finds an echo in Hungary, her country of origin, immediately after her canonization in 1235, where many factors contribute to the spread of the reverence for this feminine figure: royal families, starting with that of the Árpáds and ending by King Matthias Corvinus; beggars; and finally German settlers. The first part of the thesis defines the geographical space of the topic under consideration and determines Elizabethan iconographic and hagiographic sources which constitute the base for the problem of cult. On the one hand, this part identifies legal and biographical documents on Saint Elizabeth and analyses liturgical practices in connection with this figure on the basis of the manuscripts conserved in Slovakia. On the other hand, it presents the image of the saint with the help of an original iconographic corpus. The second part focuses on Elizabeth in the Hungarian and Slovak historical contexts in order to define the earliest forms of the establishment of her cult. Informed by historical topography, it shows the abundance of places dedicated to the saint in the decades following her death. The third part sets out different motifs and iconographic scenes of Saint Elizabeth in Slovakia and discusses them in comparison with other models in Europe. The images of Saint Elizabeth, with which the faithful identify themselves easily, are analyzed to demonstrate their plasticity in the medieval society which appropriates them according to its own demands. This analysis, placed at the crossroads of two subjects: history and history of art, provides a new approach to cult variations of the saint through the original grouping of representations from the 13th till the 16th centuries.

Orientador: Ruy de Oliveira Andrade Filho / Banca: Sérgio Alberto Feldman / Banca: Terezinha Oliveira / Banca: Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães Taconi / Banca: Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho / Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo central apresentar de que forma as seis hagiografias hispano-visigodas escritas e até hoje preservadas, foram utilizadas no processo de difusão/comunicação do cristianismo na Espanha visigoda (séculos V a VIII) e, em especial, nos seus meios rurais, cujo contexto cultural religioso era caracterizado, entre outros fatores, pela aculturação entre a recém-assimilada fé cristã e as crenças préromanas e romanas. Foram analisadas as seguintes hagiografias: Vida de Santo Emiliano, de Bráulio de Saragoça; Vida de São Frutuoso, de autor anônimo; Vida de São Desidério, de Sisebuto; Vida dos Santos Padres de Mérida, também de autor desconhecido e as versões de Isidoro de Sevilha e Idelfonso de Toledo para a obra De viris illustribus. Realizada à luz da Análise do Discurso Crítica e contextualizada a partir da historiografia sobre o tema, a análise privilegiou A Vida de São Milão por seu âmbito rural, com a qual as demais hagiografias foram cotejadas, tendo demonstrado a fragilidade do processo de cristianização da Igreja visigoda e sua tendência a atuar em prol das relações de dominação em nível social, político, econômico, cultural e, portanto, religioso. / Abstract: This study has as main objective to present how the six written and preserved until today Visigothic hagiographies, were used in the process of diffusion/communication of the Christianity in Spain Visigothic (centuries V to VIII) and, especially, in the rural zone, whose religious cultural context was characterized, among other factors, for the acculturation betweeen the recently-assimilated Christian faith and the pre-Roman and Roman faiths. The following hagiographies were analyzed: Life of Saint Aemilian, written by Bráulio of Saragoça; Life of Saint Fructuosus, from anonymous author; Life of Saint Desiderius, written by Sisebuto; Life of the Fathers of Mérida, also from unknown author and the versions of Isidoro of Seville and Idelfonso of Toledo for the work De viris illustribus. Accomplished by using Critic's Analysis of Speech and considering the context from the historiography about the theme, the analysis privileged The Life of Saint Milan Life because her rural ambit, with the one which the others hagiographies were compared, having demonstrated the fragility of the process of Christianization of the Visigothic Church and its tendency to act on behalf of the dominance relationships in social, political, economical, cultural and, therefore, religious level. / Doutor

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-21T11:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Heverton Rodrigues de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1139791 bytes, checksum: 37cf3c9ca1c9a0a46679c9b094ab27e3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-12-27T13:03:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Heverton Rodrigues de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1139791 bytes, checksum: 37cf3c9ca1c9a0a46679c9b094ab27e3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-27T13:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Heverton Rodrigues de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1139791 bytes, checksum: 37cf3c9ca1c9a0a46679c9b094ab27e3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Pilgrimages occupy an important role in the faith of the medieval man, as well as the miracles which had a crucial role in the religiousness of the medieval. In this regard, we survey the development of St. Senhorinha de Basto’sworship ,the flow of pilgrims who flocked at the tomb of this saint looking for a relief for a variety of diseases that ravaged them. Senhorinha de Basto (925- 982) was a religious of the monastery of St. João de Vieira, from which she had become an abbess, in the 10th century, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, within the Archdiocese of Braga. In order to analyze this pilgrimage and miracles performed through the intercession of St. Senhorinha de Basto we used as a source the hagiographic report Vita Beatae Senorinae Virginis ,written in the twenty century, by a Benedictine monk of the Monastery of San Miguel de Refojos de Basto, located in northern Iberian Peninsula. Our purpose in this work will investigate stem from the hagiography Santa Senhorinha some of the medievalist religiosity features, such as the pilgrimage and the pursuit of miracles. / As peregrinações ocuparam um espaço importante na fé do homem medieval, bem como os milagres que tiveram papel crucial na religiosidade do medievo. Neste sentido, observamos o desenvolvimento do culto à Santa Senhorinha de Basto, o fluxo de peregrinos que afluíam junto ao túmulo da santa em busca de alívio para as mais diversas enfermidades que os assolavam. Senhorinha de Basto (925-982) fora uma religiosa do mosteiro de São João de Vieira, do qual se tornara abadessa, no século X, no noroeste da Península Ibérica, no território da Arquidiocese de Braga. Para analisarmos esta peregrinação e os milagres realizados pela intercessão de Santa Senhorinha de Basto, utilizamos como fonte o relato hagiográfico Vita Beatae Senorinae Virginis, redigido no século XII, por um monge beneditino do Mosteiro de São Miguel de Refojos de Basto, localizado no norte peninsular. Nosso objetivo nesta dissertação será investigar a partir da hagiografia de Santa Senhorinha alguns dos aspectos característicos da religiosidade medieval, como o peregrinar e a busca por milagres.

La crise traversée par l’Église à la fin du XIXe siècle se répand dans l’univers littéraire. Le rapport entre confession et esthétique s’instaure de manière distincte des romanciers catholiques de la première moitié du siècle : la transmission exemplaire de la foi à travers le discours religieux se confond avec la représentation de cette transmission elle-même par la littérature hagiographique. Ce renouvellement esthético-littéraire relativise et la fiction et l’hagiographie. Ainsi, chez Flaubert, Bloy et Huysmans, une sainteté se réclamant primitive et terrifiante bouleverse l’expression de l’art catholique accusé de mièvrerie. Des récits d’inspiration, d’intention ou de subversion hagiographique contestent également les représentations littéraires naturalistes et décadentistes. La réécriture de la sainteté côtoie le roman en transformation, de même que le personnage de fiction se rapproche souvent des saints. Le personnage-saint et le saint-personnage se situent donc dans une terrain indéfini entre récit romanesque et récit hagiographique. La confession personnelle d’écrivains comme Bloy et Huysmans invite à mieux examiner la subversion discursive, caractéristique du discours littéraire : la confession peut-elle être subversive malgré elle? Inversement, un récit structuré sur les modèles hagiographiques médiévaux de la Légende de saint Julien l’hospitalier révèlent qu’un certain respect de la forme n’implique pas en une profession de foi. / The crisis the Catholic Church went through during the 19th century spread into the literary universe. The relation between faith and aesthetics establishes itself in a different way from the catholic novelists of the first half of the century: the exemplary transmission of faith through religious discourse mingles with the representation of this transmission itself through hagiographic literature. This literary and aesthetic renewal puts both fiction and hagiography into perspective. For instance, in the works of Flaubert, Bloy and Huysmans, a sanctity claiming itself to be both primitive and terrifying disrupts a catholic art accused of sentimentalism. Moreover, narratives of hagiographical inspiration, intention or subversion question literary representations of naturalism and decadentism. Rewriting sanctity is accomplished as a parallel to the transformations which affect the novel, whereas fictional characters are more closely represented in the manner of saints. The character as a saint and the saint as a character lay somewhere within an indefinite land between the narrative of the novel and the hagiographic narrative. The faith of writers such as Bloy and Huysmans calls for reflections on the discursive subversion, characteristic of the literary discourse: can faith be subversive in spite of its intentions? Inversely, a novel structured on the medievel hagiographic models of the Legend of saint Julien the Hospitaller reveals that a certain respect of the form does not necessarily imply professing one’s faith.

Cette étude explore un paradoxe littéraire et culturel : la réécriture de vies de saints chrétiens, historiques ou imaginaires, par des auteurs non confessionnels du XXe siècle (André Gide, Blaise Cendrars, Joseph Delteil, Christian Bobin, Sylvie Germain, Claude Louis-Combet). Quelles variations firent-ils subir au genre hagiographique et à la figure du saint par rapport à la tradition médiévale, représentée au premier chef par La Légende dorée, mais aussi par rapport à la tradition catholique, religieuse et littéraire, représentée par leurs confrères contemporains ? Pour des auteurs empreints de modernité ou vivant à l’heure de la « postmodernité », que signifie ce ressourcement inattendu ?Situé à la croisée de l’anthropologie, de l’histoire littéraire, de l’histoire de la spiritualité et des idées, notre travail analyse tout d’abord les bases d’une hagiographie non confessionnelle, de l’itinéraire spirituel des auteurs à la définition de leur statut atypique, de l’image du saint qu’ils façonnent à l’élaboration d’un modèle de sainteté. La seconde partie évoque les métamorphoses du genre, du jeu subversif au glissement vers la fiction de l’intime et la littérature d’idées. Nous montrons, enfin, comment l’hagiographie cristallise une réflexion sur le statut de l’écrivain, la fonction de la littérature, les pouvoirs du langage et la conception de la langue littéraire. / The purpose of this work is to explore a literary and cultural paradox : the re-writings of lives of Christian saints, both historical and fictional, by non-confessional authors of the twentieth century (André Gide, Blaise Cendrars, Joseph Delteil, Christian Bobin, Sylvie Germain, Claude Louis-Combet). What variations did they bring to the hagiographical genre and to the figure of the saint compared to the mediaeval tradition, as exemplified by the Légende Dorée, and to Catholic tradition, both religious and literary, represented by fellow authors of the same period ? Furthermore, what is the meaning of this unexpected return to the origins on the part of authors marked by the modern world or living in a post-modern context ?At the crossroads of anthropology, literary history, history of Religions and Ideas, this work aims first of all at exploring the basis of non-confessional hagiography, from the spiritual quest of the author to the definition of their atypical status, from the depiction of the saint to the definition of a model of sainthood. In the second part, we will probe the metamorphoses of the genre, how the subversive play shifts towards the fiction of intimacy and the literature of ideas. Finally, we will try to demonstrate how hagiography combines reflections on the status of the writer, the function of literature, the powers of language and the conception of a literary language.

La réforme grégorienne, du nom du pape Grégoire VII (1073-1085), est un évènement majeur de l’histoire de l’Occident médiéval. L’Eglise, en s’appuyant notamment sur un épiscopat renouvelé, inaugure une entreprise de distinction profonde entre clercs et laïcs, profane et sacré, pouvoir temporel et pouvoir spirituel. L’objectif est de réformer en profondeur l’institution ecclésiale en s’appuyant sur une idéologie valorisant la pureté morale, mais aussi sur des structures et un fonctionnement nouveaux - c’est à cette époque que se développent la paroisse, la dîme, la fonction de légat, de nouveaux ordres religieux...Hugues de Châteauneuf, né vers 1053, est le fils d’un membre de la petite élite châtelaine des environs de Valence. Destiné aux études et à l’état clérical, il est repéré par des représentants de Grégoire VII et placé sur le siège épiscopal de Grenoble. Son épiscopat, long d’un demi-siècle, est marqué du sceau de la réforme, dont il fut à la fois agent et acteur. De par son réseau, son action locale ou sa participation aux affaires de l’Eglise hors de son diocèse, Hugues de Châteauneuf fut un protagoniste du « moment grégorien ». Deux aspects de sa politique à la tête du diocèse de Grenoble sont à retenir : les conflits qui l’opposèrent aux nobles locaux - en particulier les comtes d’Albon, fondateurs de la principauté du Dauphiné - ainsi que les nombreuses fondations religieuses qu’il encouragea - pensons notamment au rôle clé qu’il joua dans le développement de la fondation de la Grande-Chartreuse.Deux sources majeures nous sont parvenues et nous permettent de cerner la trajectoire et l’action de ce prélat des XI-XIIe siècles. D’une part les trois cartulaires de Grenoble, qui regroupent plus de trois cents documents nous permettant de suivre sa politique, sa gestion et son administration du diocèse de Grenoble. D’autre part l’hagiographie rédigée par l’un de ses proches, le prieur de la Grande-Chartreuse Guigues - car Hugues de Grenoble fut canonisé moins de deux ans après sa mort. Cette source nous permet d’insérer l’action et le rôle d’Hugues de Grenoble dans un autre élément de contexte fondamental de la période : le schisme d’Anaclet, prolongement de la réforme grégorienne et de la querelle des investitures.En s’appuyant sur certains renouvellements historiographiques et épistémologiques récents, ce travail a consisté à dresser le portrait d’un homme, d’un moment et d’une fonction. En effet, l’épiscopat fut le maillon essentiel de l’application de la réforme grégorienne. En outre, la région des Alpes, par son particularisme géopolitique - entre Saint-Empire, royaume de France et Italie - représentait un laboratoire intéressant pour les réformateurs. Ainsi on mesure mieux tout l’intérêt pour Rome de placer un homme de confiance à la tête d’un diocèse comme celui de Grenoble. / [Summary not transmitted]

Historical narratives and anecdotes concerning Captain John Smith have been told and retold throughout the entire history the United States of America, and they have proved to be sacred, influential, and contested elements in the construction of the individual, sectional, regional, and national identity of many. In this thesis, I first outline some of the history of how narratives and discourses surrounding Captain John Smith were directly connected with the identity of many Americans during the 18th and 19th century, especially Virginians and Southerners. Then I outline how these narratives and discourses from the 18th and 19th centuries have continued and evolved in the 20th and 21st centuries in American scholarship and popular culture. I demonstrate how Captain John Smith went from being used as a symbol for regional and sectional identity to a symbol for broader national American identity, and how he has anachronistically come to be considered an American. I then show how Captain John Smith has continued to be constructed, to a seemingly larger degree than previous centuries, as a hero of almost mythic proportions. Finally I demonstrate how this constructed American hero is used as a posterchild for various interest groups and ideologies in order to legitimize the places of certain discourses and behavior within constructed and contested American identities.

In this thesis, we focus on the Story of Euphemia and the Goth, a hybrid literary text written in the second half of the fifth century. Since there is no holistic work on the Story, we undertook the task of examining the text itself, as a systematic examination of the Syriac and the Greek versions of the text itself, as well as the last English translation of the Story, by Francis Burkitt in 1913. We focused on the philological features of the Story and tried to interpret them historically using the standard historical-critical method. By focusing on the philological elements of the Story, we aimed to connect the information with the historical context of the period that the Story allegedly describes (late 4th c.) and the period in which it was written (late 5th c.). Our contextual analysis, which is based on philological features, can be divided into three main aspects. The first aspect examines the historical, military and legal elements of the Story. The second focuses on two Syriac terms: the parmûnârâ' and the fixed expression bnay ḥi're'. More precisely, we attempt tried to recreate the profile of the author of the Story by examining the term parmûnârâ,' and we examined the term bnay ḥi're' both contextually and intertextually, arguing that the term designated people of higher social strata if not the nobility. In addition, we also focus on the socio-political conditions of the fifth century, arguing that the term bnay ḥi're' should not be interpreted simply as f r e e but rather as n o b l e, and we support this thesis with internal evidence from the Story, external evidence taken from the larger literary milieu, as well as the works of philologists and orientalists over the last three centuries. The third aspect of our contextual analysis is related to a philological element that had been overlooked by modern scholarship: the fact that the author of the Story calls Euphemia and Sophia qadîšṯâ', i.e. Saints. Focusing on the text, we examine the validity of this hagiographical feature by examining the Syriac liturgical works of the anti-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox Church, i.e. the Syriac menologia, edited by François Nau in 1912. Our discoveries prove the attestation of the Story. The two protagonists of the Story were venerated as Saints by the Syriac-speaking Miaphysites. Through this research, we also discovered that the two protagonists were revered as Saints on the same day that the Chalcedonians celebrated the so-called miracle of the relics of Saint Euphemia of Chalcedon. We argue, therefore, that the Story comes from a Miaphysite milieu. These three aspects form the explanatory framework through which, in the future, we aim to develop a holistic interpretation of the literary themes of the Story as well as the historical context that led to its composition.

No description available.

The present thesis examines probably the ultimate focal point in the history of the Christian South Caucasian Cultures – the Caucasian Schism that occurred in the early seventh century – a major scandal that ended the ecclesiastical communion between the Georgian and Armenian Churches and gave impetus to the rise of the so-called national Churches. The schism became the central point of reference in both medieval and modern Caucasian historiographies. Modern scholarship has advanced different claims concerning the nature, reasons and results of the Schism, in many cases arguing that almost all aspects of the respective cultures have been affected by the Schism. As for medieval Armenian historical narratives, they made a good conceptual use of the schism, presenting the schism as a major interpretive schema for the explanation of all aspects of their relations with their northern neighbours. Contrary to such view, I argue that our knowledge of the reasons behind the schism and theological controversies that preceded, accompanied or followed the Schism in the sixth century is in most cases determined by the conceptual framework created in the Middle Ages together with the changes in political state of affairs in the Caucasus. In the period between the tenth to thirteenth centuries, when all major South Caucasian powers were struggling for the unification of the Caucasus under their aegis, the remembrance of the schism became particularly important. The remembrance and indeed forgetting of the Caucasian unity and separation became a rhetorical tool in medieval Armeno-Georgian debates. Therefore instead of taking the Schism at face value, I propose to abandon the traditional liminalist perception of the history of unity and separation in the Caucasus, and adopt a more rewarding approach, that is to say to try to understand when, why and by whom were the crucial events of the Late Antique Caucasian history conceptualized and adapted for contemporary ideological needs.