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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Health Care Services Utilization and Health-Related Quality of Life of Syrian Refugees with Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Germany (the Sanadak Trial)

Grochtdreis, Thomas, Röhr, Susanne, Jung, Franziska U., Nagl, Michaela, Renner, Anna, Kersting, Anette, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., König, Hans-Helmut, Dams, Judith 04 May 2023 (has links)
Refugees who have fled from the ongoing civil war in Syria that arrived in Germany often develop post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The aim of this study was to determine health care services utilization (HCSU), health care costs and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of Syrian refugees with mild to moderate PTSS without current treatment in Germany. The study was based on the baseline sample of a randomized controlled trial of a self-help app for Syrian refugees with PTSS (n = 133). HCSU and HrQoL based on the EQ-5D-5L and its visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) were assessed with standardized interviews. Annual health care costs were calculated using extrapolated four-month HCSU and standardized unit costs. Associations between health care costs, HrQoL and PTSS severity were examined using generalized linear models. Overall, 85.0% of the sample utilized health care services within four months. The mean total annual health care costs were EUR 1920 per person. PTSS severity was not associated with health care costs. The EQ-5D-5L index score and the EQ-VAS score was 0.82 and 73.6, respectively. For Syrian refugees with higher PTSS severity, the EQ-5D-5L index score was lower (−0.17; p < 0.001). The HCSU and the resulting health care costs of Syrian refugees with mild to moderate PTSS without current treatment are low and those with a higher PTSS severity had a lower HrQoL.
112

Is There a Trade-off? Infant Health Outcomes and Managed Care Competition

Moore, Shana L. 01 January 2016 (has links)
This study offers insights into the impact of competition among Managed Care organizations (MCOs) on infant birthing charges and birth outcomes. Kentucky provides one of the nation’s first case studies to determine successes and failures of Medicaid MCOs, and by doing so, provides a prediction of the impact of Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (PPACA) competition on healthcare costs and birth outcomes. An analysis of a natural policy experiment in the state of Kentucky reveals that infants insured by a Medicaid MCO stay longer in hospitals, are less healthy, and cost more than those insured under Traditional Medicaid prior to a policy change. Utilizing a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) estimation, this study found initial evidence in a competitive MCO environment of Traditional Medicaid average birth charges substantially more than births under a Medicaid MCO, while outcomes also revealed the incidence of normal delivery increased almost identical to that of private insurance. However, after a short time, average birth charges for infants born under Medicaid MCO climb higher than other payer-types and infant health begins to decline. Outcomes of this study signal that Managed Care infants are actually less healthy and cost substantially more than anticipated but it is possible that these outcomes can be attributed to insurance selection.
113

Dimensionamento do pessoal de enfermagem em assistência domiciliária: percepção de gerentes e enfermeiras. / Dimensioning of nursing staff in home care: managers and nurses\' perception.

Dal Ben, Luiza Watanabe 23 August 2005 (has links)
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: reconhecer nos discursos de gerentes e enfermeiras que atuam em assistência domiciliária (AD), na cidade de São Paulo, a identificação dos critérios utilizados para dimensionar o pessoal de enfermagem nesse tipo de assistência e propor um modelo que norteie o dimensionamento desse profissional. O estudo apoiou-se no método qualitativo, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e analisados pelo processo de análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin (1977). As questões norteadoras foram a descrição da indicação de um paciente para AD e como planejam o pessoal de enfermagem. Participaram do estudo 48 profissionais de 24 instituições, sendo 24 gerentes e 24 enfermeiras responsáveis pela enfermagem. Destes, oito eram do setor público e 40 do privado. A média do tempo de experiência em AD dos gerentes foi de 11,83 e das enfermeiras, 6,94 anos. Todos os discursos foram submetidos à análise interpretativa, evidenciando a construção de três categorias: a elegibilidade do paciente, o tempo despendido na assistência e o perfil profissional. A primeira categoria constituiu-se dos critérios de indicação do paciente que, na maioria, são de competência do médico do hospital, posteriormente, avaliados pelo médico da AD. A enfermeira e a assistente social verificam a viabilidade da prestação de serviço. A estabilidade clínica e a presença do cuidador familiar são um dos principais pré-requisitos de elegibilidade do paciente, para todos os serviços independente de recurso financeiro. As condições adequadas de moradia, sua localização e redução dos custos hospitalares são componentes para eleição do paciente. O grau de dependência dos cuidados de enfermagem foi apontado pelos entrevistados como determinante para a classificação do paciente ao tipo de modalidade de AD, monitoramento, atendimento e internação domiciliária e consistiu na segunda categoria. A terceira categoria foi o perfil profissional, fator essencial no dimensionamento do pessoal de enfermagem em AD. As enfermeiras, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem que atuam via cooperativa, precisam agir com postura adequada no ambiente do paciente e seus familiares, e a qualidade de prestação de serviços está intimamente relacionada à presença de supervisão, orientação e direção da enfermeira. A identificação dessas categorias possibilitou vislumbrar um caminho para proposição de um modelo, para dimensionar o pessoal de enfermagem domiciliária e transformar dados intuitivos em cientificamente embasados. / The present research aimed to: recognize on discourses from managers and nurses who work with home care (HC) at the city of Sao Paulo, the identification of frameworks used for dimensioning the nursing staff in this kind of care and propose a model to guide the dimensioning of this professional. The study was based on the qualitative method; data was collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the process of content analysis, according to Bardin (1977). The guiding questions were the description of indication of a patient to HC and how they plan nursing staff. Forty-eight professionals from 24 facilities attended the study, in which 24 were managers and 24 were nurses responsible for nursing. From these, 8 were from public setting and 40 from private. The average time of experience in HC for managers was 11.83 years and nurses 6.94. All discourses were submitted to interpretation analysis, becoming evident the creation of 3 categories: the patient eligibility, time spent in care and the professional profile. The first category was constituted of criteria for patient indication in which, most of the time, are the responsibility of the physician in the hospital, and subsequently, (s)he will be evaluated by the physician from HC. The nurse and social worker verify the feasibility of service delivery. The clinical stability and the presence of the family caretaker are one of the main requirements of patient eligibility for all services regardless of financial resources. The adequate housing conditions, its location and hospital cost reduction are components for patient election. The dependence degree of nursing care was pointed out by the respondents as determining for patient classification to the type of modality of HC, monitoring, attendance and home commitment and it consisted of the second category. The third category was the professional profile, essential factor on dimensioning the nursing home care staff and changing intuitive data into scientific-based ones.
114

O fluxo de usuários no SUS coordenado pela regulação assistencial: um estudo dos processos para acesso a organizações de saúde de média complexidade / The user flow in the SUS coordinated per assistance regulation: a study of the process for health secondary care accessibility

Ferreira, Gabriela Souza Assis 07 October 2015 (has links)
A regulação assistencial é um importante instrumento de gestão pública que tem como objetivo viabilizar o acesso dos usuários aos serviços de saúde. No entanto, há estudos que apontam que não há um equilíbrio entre a oferta e a demanda por serviços da atenção secundária no SUS. Na presente pesquisa questiona-se como está efetivamente estruturado o acesso a esse nível de atenção e quais os principais entraves para a efetividade do acesso. O objetivo consistiu em analisar o processo de acesso à atenção secundária da saúde buscando identificar oportunidades de melhoria. O foco desse estudo foi o acesso à especialidade médica de gastrocirurgia dos dois hospitais secundários integrantes do complexo do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores, médicos e demais profissionais envolvidos no processo. A partir das informações coletadas foi construído um mapa dos processos utilizando o software Bizagi e a notação de modelagem de processos de negócios (BPMN). A partir da descrição e análise, foi verificado como os processos descritos poderiam ser otimizados. Foi possível identificar que os dois processos estudados, apesar de terem o mesmo objetivo: prover acesso a atenção secundária de saúde, possuem diferenças marcantes. As vagas são distribuídas aos municípios na forma de cotas no processo de acesso ao HEAB enquanto que no acesso ao HERP há uma regulação compartilhada entre o DRSXIII e o próprio hospital. Os principais problemas identificados foram: absenteísmo dos usuários nas consultas; guias de referência incompletas ou ilegíveis; dificuldades de relacionamento entre os profissionais e organizações de saúde; demora para agendar consulta, entre outros. Concluiu-se que existem pontos no processo que não estão coerentes com as normas que o regulam e que há dados que podem ser utilizados para medir o desempenho do processo, como a proporção de casos novos e de pedidos de interconsulta; distribuição de vagas por município e situação após primeira consulta. Concluiu-se ainda que os problemas identificados podem ser solucionados a partir da implantação de melhorias sugeridas como: melhorar a comunicação e a triagem nos municípios, realizar treinamento dos funcionários e divulgar protocolos aos envolvidos. / The assistance regulation is an important public management tool that aims to facilitate users\' access to health services. However, studies show that there is not a balance between supply and demand for services in secondary care in the Unified Health System (SUS). In the present study it casts doubt on how the access is effectively structured to this level of care and what the main obstacles to the effectiveness of access are. The aim was analyze the process of access to secondary health care seeking to identify opportunities for improvement. The focus of this study was the access to medical specialty Gastrosurgery of the two hospitals that are members of the complex of the General Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School (University of São Paulo). Interviews were conducted with managers, doctors and other stakeholders. From the information collected, a map of the processes using the Bizagi software and the notation for business process modeling (BPMN) was constructed. From the description and analysis, it was verified how the described processes could be optimized. It was possible to identify that the two processes studied have the same goal: provide access to secondary health care, have marked differences, such as how the distribution of vacancies. The vacancies are distributed to municipalities for quotas in the process of access to HEAB while access to HERP there is a shared regulation between the DRSXIII and the hospital. The main problems identified were outpatient non-attendance (absenteeism), incomplete or illegible reference guides, relationship difficulties between professionals and health organizations, long wait for schedule consultation, among others. It was concluded that there are points in the process that are not consistent with the rules that regulate, there is data that can be used to measure the performance process, as the proportion of new cases and requests for referral; distribution of vacancies for municipality and situation after first appointment. It was possible concluded also that the problems found can be solved through the implementation of suggested improvements; such as how improve communication and sorting in the municipalities, conduct employee training and disseminate the protocols involved.
115

Innovationssystem för medicinsk teknik i Stockholm : En undersökning av centrala omständigheter för organisatorisk samverkan

Björkehag, Jonathan, Seglare, Kristin January 2009 (has links)
<p><strong>Introduction </strong>In order to foster innovation of medical devices within the healthcare sector, a collaboration project, PUSH, has been initiated including the hospitals managed by the Stockholm County Council. The collaboration aims to capture ideas from employees and turn them into so called “high-practice” products as well as facilitate the possibilities for medical device companies to try out their products in the settings of healthcare. Collaborations for innovation, comparable to the PUSH project, can be found in both Swedish and foreign regions, but some of them fail to survive due to obstacles affecting the progress of each collaboration. Avoiding the same destiny will be a challenge to the PUSH project.</p><p><strong>Purpose </strong>The purpose is to search for factors affecting organizational collaboration concerning innovation systems for medical device development. The study is focusing on ”high-practice” products within the PUSH project.</p><p><strong>Theoretical approach </strong>In order to emphasize factors affecting innovation, theories regarding innovation systems, clusters and networks has been studied hence they  all concern organizational collaboration.</p><p><strong>Method </strong>The study’s qualitative approach is based on a semi deductive method. The analysis derives from a deductive outlook consistent with chosen theories, whereas collected data is used inductively to stress and enlarge part of the theoretical framework. Semi structured interviews, earlier research and evaluations constitutes most of the collected data.</p><p><strong>Results and analysis </strong>Experience from collaborations for innovation shows that some affecting factors can’t be influenced by collaborators, as political decisions and medical device directives. Collaborators can however affect circumstances such as connections and networking, which is significant to manage the innovation process; from idea to commercialization. An explicit focus on commercialization is important to the collaboration project’s surviving opportunities. A central cause why innovation projects don’t last is lack of funding, both for commercializing certain products as well as for retaining and developing existing innovation structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong>Collaborating projects should utilize existing structures and complement their networks to involve extensive competency. Decision makers need to decide whether innovation ventures shall be part of the County Council’s assignment. To fulfil the visions of the collaboration project, a policy common to all participants in the forthcoming innovation project needs to be stated, regarding ownership relations, risk sharing, funding and sharing of profits.</p> / <p><strong>Bakgrund </strong>För att främja medicinteknisk innovation inom vården har ett utvecklingsprojekt för samverkan mellan Stockholms landstingsstyrda sjukhus påbörjats, under namnet PUSH (Produktutveckling inom Stockholms hälso- och sjukvård). Syftet med samverkan är att ta vara på landstingspersonalens idéer och utveckla s.k. high-practice-produkter samt att underlätta för medicintekniska företag att testa produkter i vårdmiljö. Liknande innovationssatsningar finns på olika håll i Sverige och utomlands, men det har varit problematiskt att få flera av dessa att överleva, då olika omständigheter påverkar utvecklingen av satsningarna. Samverkansprojektet mellan sjukhusen står således inför en rad utmaningar om de inte ska gå samma öde till mötes.</p><p><strong>Syfte </strong>Syftet är att undersöka omständigheter som är centrala för organisatorisk samverkan inom innovationssystem för utveckling av medicinteknik. Utgångspunkten är utveckling av ”high-practice-produkter” inom projektet PUSH.</p><p><strong>Teoretisk ansats </strong>För att belysa innovationspåverkande omständigheter i studien, har teorier om innovationssystem, kluster och nätverk studerats, utifrån att de behandlar organisatorisk samverkan.</p><p><strong>Metod </strong>Studiens kvalitativa upplägg bygger på ett semideduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Utifrån ett deduktivt synsätt utgår analysen från befintliga teorier medan empirin på ett induktivt sätt ligger till grund för att framhålla och vidga delar av teorierna. Insamlad data utgörs till stor del av semistrukturerade intervjuer och tidigare undersökningar och utvärderingar.</p><p><strong>Resultat och analys </strong>Erfarenheter från samverkansprojekt för innovationer visar att projekten påverkas delvis av omständigheter som ligger utanför projektens kontroll, som innovationspolitiska beslut och medicintekniskt regelverk. Påverkningsbara omständigheter är exempelvis att innovationsprojekt är beroende av ett välutvecklat kontaktnät som sträcker sig över hela innovationsprocessen, från utveckling av idén till kommersialisering. För långsiktig överlevnad är ett uttalat kommersialiseringsfokus av största vikt för projekten. En central orsak till att innovationsprojekt inte överlever på lång sikt är att det saknas finansiering, dels för kommersialisering av enskilda produkter och dels för att behålla och utveckla befintliga innovationsstrukturer.</p><p><strong>Slutdiskussion </strong>För samverkansprojekt bör befintliga strukturer utnyttjas och kompletteras med en utvidgning av nätverket för att involvera en bredare kompetens. Beslutsfattare måste ta ställning till om huruvida innovationssatsningar ingår i landstingets uppdrag. En gemensam policy för ägarförhållanden och risktagande, finansiering och fördelning av eventuella vinster måste utarbetas om samverkansprojektets visioner ska kunna uppnås.</p>
116

Sjukvårdsorganisationen vid svenska marina missioner

Hagberg, Mathias January 2009 (has links)
<p>Försvarsmaktsorganisationen har varit i förändring sedan försvarsbeslutet 2004, då Försvarsmakten gick från ett invasionsförsvars till ett rörligt insatsförsvar. Denna nya inriktning innebär att de svenska enheter skall kunna genomföra uppdrag långt ifrån den svenska kusten och infrastruktur, vilket kan medföra en del nya intressanta frågeställningar.</p><p>Ett exempel på en sådan frågeställning är om de svenska enheterna är lämpliga för sådana uppdrag då det gäller att ta hand om och transportera eventuella skadade ombord. Har sjukvårdsorganisationen och Försvarsmakten medel till att transportera och ge adekvat vård vid större krissituationer internationellt?</p><p>Uppsatsen syfte är att genom ett organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv undersöka hur Försvarsmaktens förmåga att ta hand om skadade vid internationella missioner ser ut, samt vilka brister i organisationen som kan påvisas.</p><p>Den metod som har använts är den deskriptiva metoden tillsammans med fallstudier. Det som har studerats är svenska reglementen, doktriner samt den utländska Nato doktrinen <em>AJP 4-10</em>. Fallstudierna har utgjorts av ML 01-02 samt ME 01. Maslows teori om säkerhetsbehov har hela tiden verkat som utgångspunkt vid presenterande av fakta samt assisterande för att besvara frågeställningarna.</p><p>Slutsatsen som har dragits är att svenska enheter inte är direkt anpassade för denna verksamhet. Avsaknaden av egen helikopter är en av orsakerna. En bristande organisation kan ge en försämrad stridsmoral, vilket kan resultera i förödande konsekvenser för hela fartyget.</p> / <p>The Swedish armed forces have been through a big reformation since the Parliamentary Resolution 2004. The Resolutions biggest statement was that the armed forces should change from a invasiondefence to a mobile armed force. This means that Swedish troops and ships are meant to operate far from the Swedish coast line and infrastructure; this can give many new interesting problems.</p><p>One of these problems is if the Swedish units are fit for the missions that they now are entitled to take part in. I particularly if they have the capability to take care of injured personal far from Swedish infrastructure.</p><p>Have the medical organisation and the armed forces the right means to give adequate medical treatment and transportation?</p><p>The methods that the writer has used to solve these questions have been the descriptive method combined whit fall studies on ML 01-02 and ME 01. The literature consists part of reglements, doctrines both Swedish and domestic, in particular the Nato doctrine <em>AJP 4-10</em>. </p><p>The conclusions that have been made are that the Swedish ships are not adjusted for this kind of missions, the abcens of the helicopter capability is one of the arguments for this. The effect of what this can mean for the soldier is a decreased will to fight, which can be drastic for the ship.</p>
117

Innovationssystem för medicinsk teknik i Stockholm : En undersökning av centrala omständigheter för organisatorisk samverkan

Björkehag, Jonathan, Seglare, Kristin January 2009 (has links)
Introduction In order to foster innovation of medical devices within the healthcare sector, a collaboration project, PUSH, has been initiated including the hospitals managed by the Stockholm County Council. The collaboration aims to capture ideas from employees and turn them into so called “high-practice” products as well as facilitate the possibilities for medical device companies to try out their products in the settings of healthcare. Collaborations for innovation, comparable to the PUSH project, can be found in both Swedish and foreign regions, but some of them fail to survive due to obstacles affecting the progress of each collaboration. Avoiding the same destiny will be a challenge to the PUSH project. Purpose The purpose is to search for factors affecting organizational collaboration concerning innovation systems for medical device development. The study is focusing on ”high-practice” products within the PUSH project. Theoretical approach In order to emphasize factors affecting innovation, theories regarding innovation systems, clusters and networks has been studied hence they  all concern organizational collaboration. Method The study’s qualitative approach is based on a semi deductive method. The analysis derives from a deductive outlook consistent with chosen theories, whereas collected data is used inductively to stress and enlarge part of the theoretical framework. Semi structured interviews, earlier research and evaluations constitutes most of the collected data. Results and analysis Experience from collaborations for innovation shows that some affecting factors can’t be influenced by collaborators, as political decisions and medical device directives. Collaborators can however affect circumstances such as connections and networking, which is significant to manage the innovation process; from idea to commercialization. An explicit focus on commercialization is important to the collaboration project’s surviving opportunities. A central cause why innovation projects don’t last is lack of funding, both for commercializing certain products as well as for retaining and developing existing innovation structures. Conclusion Collaborating projects should utilize existing structures and complement their networks to involve extensive competency. Decision makers need to decide whether innovation ventures shall be part of the County Council’s assignment. To fulfil the visions of the collaboration project, a policy common to all participants in the forthcoming innovation project needs to be stated, regarding ownership relations, risk sharing, funding and sharing of profits. / Bakgrund För att främja medicinteknisk innovation inom vården har ett utvecklingsprojekt för samverkan mellan Stockholms landstingsstyrda sjukhus påbörjats, under namnet PUSH (Produktutveckling inom Stockholms hälso- och sjukvård). Syftet med samverkan är att ta vara på landstingspersonalens idéer och utveckla s.k. high-practice-produkter samt att underlätta för medicintekniska företag att testa produkter i vårdmiljö. Liknande innovationssatsningar finns på olika håll i Sverige och utomlands, men det har varit problematiskt att få flera av dessa att överleva, då olika omständigheter påverkar utvecklingen av satsningarna. Samverkansprojektet mellan sjukhusen står således inför en rad utmaningar om de inte ska gå samma öde till mötes. Syfte Syftet är att undersöka omständigheter som är centrala för organisatorisk samverkan inom innovationssystem för utveckling av medicinteknik. Utgångspunkten är utveckling av ”high-practice-produkter” inom projektet PUSH. Teoretisk ansats För att belysa innovationspåverkande omständigheter i studien, har teorier om innovationssystem, kluster och nätverk studerats, utifrån att de behandlar organisatorisk samverkan. Metod Studiens kvalitativa upplägg bygger på ett semideduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Utifrån ett deduktivt synsätt utgår analysen från befintliga teorier medan empirin på ett induktivt sätt ligger till grund för att framhålla och vidga delar av teorierna. Insamlad data utgörs till stor del av semistrukturerade intervjuer och tidigare undersökningar och utvärderingar. Resultat och analys Erfarenheter från samverkansprojekt för innovationer visar att projekten påverkas delvis av omständigheter som ligger utanför projektens kontroll, som innovationspolitiska beslut och medicintekniskt regelverk. Påverkningsbara omständigheter är exempelvis att innovationsprojekt är beroende av ett välutvecklat kontaktnät som sträcker sig över hela innovationsprocessen, från utveckling av idén till kommersialisering. För långsiktig överlevnad är ett uttalat kommersialiseringsfokus av största vikt för projekten. En central orsak till att innovationsprojekt inte överlever på lång sikt är att det saknas finansiering, dels för kommersialisering av enskilda produkter och dels för att behålla och utveckla befintliga innovationsstrukturer. Slutdiskussion För samverkansprojekt bör befintliga strukturer utnyttjas och kompletteras med en utvidgning av nätverket för att involvera en bredare kompetens. Beslutsfattare måste ta ställning till om huruvida innovationssatsningar ingår i landstingets uppdrag. En gemensam policy för ägarförhållanden och risktagande, finansiering och fördelning av eventuella vinster måste utarbetas om samverkansprojektets visioner ska kunna uppnås.
118

Costs of illness, demand for medical care, and the prospect of community health insurance schemes in the rural areas of Ethiopia /

Asfaw, Abay. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bonn, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-218).
119

Violência contra mulheres rurais, agendas públicas municipais e práticas profissionais de saúde : o visível e o invisível na inconsciência do óbvio

Costa, Marta Cocco da January 2012 (has links)
Neste estudo aborda-se a violência contra as mulheres e a saúde em áreas rurais da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os objetivos gerais incluíram: conhecer e analisar, em cenários rurais as representações sociais da violência contra as mulheres na perspectiva de gestores municipais, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde e as influências dessas representações na implementação de decisões políticas e técnicas em ações de saúde; analisar as agendas públicas locais de saúde direcionadas ao enfrentamento da violência contra mulheres rurais; analisar, por meio do domínio epistemológico das relações de gênero e das representações sociais balizadas pelo principio da integralidade (SUS), as formas concretas de atenção às mulheres rurais vítimas de violência e o potencial de efetividade do enfrentamento local considerando-se o contexto rural e as pequenas municipalidades. O estudo, de cunho qualitativo, englobou 56 participantes: gestores, profissionais e trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde, que atuam em áreas rurais. As ferramentas de geração das informações abarcaram: questões-estímulo de evocações, entrevista semiestruturada e busca documental, analisadas pela modalidade temática e com auxílio do software Nvivo, e para análise das associações de palavras o software EVOC. As evocações dos participantes reconhecem essa problemática em cenário rural considerando-a “destino de gênero” que advêm do consentimento/resignação, culpa/medo, o que resulta em “naturalização” e “banalização” social marcados pelas relações hierárquicas de gênero. Nas representações constatou-se que a mulher rural é vista sob a ótica da “subordinação” e da “obediência”, da responsabilidade exclusiva pela reprodução biológica, dos afazeres domésticos e da lavoura, com pouca ou nenhuma legitimidade para desconformidades. Na dimensão política, a fragilidade da gestão das políticas e dos recursos atestam o despreparo dos municípios para conduzir o processo de gestão pautados nas diretrizes e princípios do SUS. As especificidades e as dinâmicas socioculturais das comunidades rurais intensificam essa fragilidade da gestão, porque não são exploradas na dimensão do planejamento em saúde. O resultado do “não reconhecimento” da violência como problemática “da e de saúde” foi a constatação da inexistência de agenda local direcionada à violência contra as mulheres rurais, a desresponsabilização e o descompromisso da gestão local frente a esse fenômeno. Nas práticas dos profissionais da saúde (dimensão técnica), em particular as rurais, essa problemática apareceu invisível, não reconhecida e a “centralidade na doença” impossibilita a inclusão da violência como problema de saúde complexo, oriundo de “outro tipo de sofrimento”. A saúde das populações rurais é um fenômeno amplo, com suas especificidades, e o desafio das políticas públicas é o de reconhecer o cenário rural como espaço de cuidado que demanda intervenções singulares. Desvelar a violência contra as mulheres rurais no interior dos serviços de saúde é fundamental para compreendê-la, exigindo transformação de saberes e práticas, reconhecimento e responsabilização de serviços coletivos de atenção em saúde, e de profissionais, para além do técnico, como cidadãos comprometidos com deveres de cidadania na luta pela integralidade da atenção e contra as práticas inaceitáveis de violência. / The study approaches the of violence against women and health in rural areas from the South Half region of Rio Grande do Sul. The general objectives were: learning and analyzing, within rural sceneries, the social representations of violence against women in the perspective of the municipal management staff, health professionals and workers and the influences of these representations in implementing political and technical decisions on health actions; analyzing the local public health agendas addressed to coping violence against rural women; analyzing by means of the epistemological domain of gender relations and of social representations marked out by the SUS integrality principle, the concrete forms of caring rural women victims of violence and the potential of effectiveness of the local coping by considering the rural context and the small municipalities. It is a qualitative study with the participation of the managerial staff, professionals and workers from health services that perform in rural areas totaling 56 participants. Different kinds of tools were used to generate the information such as: instrument with questions-stimuli of evocations, semi-structured interview and documental survey analyzed by the thematic mode by using the Nvivo software and, for the analysis of the connection of words, the EVOC software. The evocations of the participants are turned to recognizing this problem in the rural environment as being “a gender destiny” that derives from consent and resignation, guilt and fear, what results in the social “naturalization” and “banality” marked by the hierarchic relations of gender. The representations have also evidenced that the rural woman is seen from the points of view of “subordination” and “obedience”, the exclusive responsibility for the biological reproduction, the care of the home, the housekeeping and the tillage with few or no legitimacy for non-conformities. As to the political dimension, the study showed the fragility of the management of the policies of the resources, evidencing the lack of preparation of the municipalities to conduct the management process based on SUS guidelines and principles. The specificities and social and cultural dynamics of the rural communities intensify this management fragility since they are not exploited in the dimension of health planning. The result of the “non-recognition” of violence as a problem “of the and of health” was observing the non-existence of a local agenda addressed to the of violence against rural women, as well as the lack of responsibility and non-commitment of the local administration before this phenomenon. Regarding the practices of the health professionals (technical dimension), particularly the rural ones, this problem appeared as invisible and non-recognized and, yet, the “central focus on the disease” that makes it impossible to include violence as a complex health problem, derived from “other type of suffering”. The health of rural populations is a broad phenomenon with its specificities while the disease and the challenge of the public policies are recognizing the rural scenery as a space of care that requires unique interventions. Unveiling violence against the rural women within the walls of the health services is fundamental for its comprehension what therefore requires transformation of knowledge and practices, recognition and responsibility of the services as meanings of health care and of the professionals as well but beyond of the technician level as citizens committed with citizenship duties in the struggle for the care integrality and against the non-acceptable practices of violence. / En este estudio aborda la violencia contra las mujeres y la salud en áreas rurales de la Mitad Sur del Rio Grande do Sul. Los objetivos fueron: conocer y analizar, en escenarios rurales, las representaciones sociales de la violencia contra las mujeres en la perspectiva de los gestores municipales, profesionales y trabajadores de la salud influencias de esas representaciones en la implementación de decisiones políticas y técnicas en acciones de salud; analizar las agendas públicas locales de salud direccionadas al enfrentamiento de la violencia contra mujeres rurales; analizar, por medio del dominio epistemológico de las relaciones de género y de las representaciones sociales balizadas por el principio de la integralidad (SUS), las formas concretas de atención a las mujeres rurales víctimas de violencia y el potencial de efectividad del enfrentamiento local considerando el contexto rural y las pequeñas municipalidades. El studio cualitativo, con participación de gestores, profesionales y trabajadores de los servicios de salud, que actúan en áreas rurales, totalizando 56 participantes. Las diferentes herramientas de generación de las informaciones, tales como: instrumento con cuestiones-estímulos de evocaciones, entrevista semi-estructurada y búsqueda documental, siendo analizadas por la modalidad temática utilizándose el software Nvivo y, para el análisis de las asociaciones de palabras, el software EVOC. Las evocaciones de los participantes están vueltas para el reconocimiento de esa problemática en escenario rural como siendo “destino de género”, que adviene del consentimiento/resignación, culpa/miedo, lo que resulta en la “naturalización” y “banalización” social marcada por las relaciones jerárquicas de género. También se evidenciaron en las representaciones que la mujer rural es vista por la óptica de la “subordinación” y de la “obediencia”, la responsabilidad exclusiva por la reproducción biológica, de las tareas domésticas y de labranza, con poca o ninguna legitimidad para disconformidades. En la dimensión política, fragilidad de la gestión de las políticas y de los recursos, lo que atesta la falta de preparación de las municipalidades para conducir el proceso de gestión pautado en las directrices y principios del SUS. Las dinámicas sociales y culturales de las comunidades rurales intensifican esa fragilidad de la gestión, visto que ellas no son exploradas en la dimensión del planeamiento en salud. El resultado del “no reconocimiento” de la violencia como problemática “de la y de salud” fue la constatación de la inexistencia de agenda local direccionada la violencia contra las mujeres rurales, como también la falta de responsabilización y el descompromiso de la gestión local delante ese fenómeno. Ya en las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud (dimensión técnica), en particular las rurales, esa problemática presentó invisibilidad y no reconocida y, aún, la “centralidad en la enfermedad” que imposibilita la inclusión de la violencia como un problema de salud complejo con origen en “otra clase de sufrimiento”. La salud de las poblaciones rurales es un fenómeno con especificidades amplias, que la enfermedad y el desafío de las políticas públicas son reconocer el escenario rural como espacio de cuidado que demanda intervenciones singulares. Desvelar la violencia contra las mujeres rurales en el interior de los servicios de salud es fundamental para su comprensión, exigiendo, por lo tanto transformación de saberes y prácticas, reconocimiento y responsabilización de servicios como colectivos de atención en salud, y de profesionales para allá del técnico, como ciudadanos comprometidos con deberes de ciudadanía en la lucha por la integralidad de la atención y contra las prácticas inaceptables de violencia.
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O cenário do tratamento supervisionado da tuberculose no município de Porto Alegre : ações e aproximações com a promoção da saúde / The scenario of directly observed therapy for tuberculosis in the city of Porto Alegre : actions and approaches to health promotion / El escenario de terapia por observación directa de la tuberculosis en la ciudad de Porto Alegre: acciones y enfoques de la promoción de la salud

Nast, Karoline January 2014 (has links)
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o modo como vem sendo implementado o tratamento diretamente observado (TDO) da tuberculose (TB) pulmonar no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, identificando suas aproximações com as ações de Promoção da Saúde recomendadas/sugeridas pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose. O estudo foi realizado com base no referencial da Promoção da Saúde, e teve caráter qualitativo do tipo exploratório-descritivo. As informações analisadas foram obtidas a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com nove profissionais da saúde envolvidos no TDO bem como de documentos oficiais e manuais técnicos de controle da (TB). O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre. Os resultados foram organizados em uma categoria principal “O Cenário do TDO da TB em Serviços de Saúde de Porto Alegre” que se divide em três subcategorias: “As palavras das gestoras: nossa fala é a fala do Ministério”, “A consciência dos limites da prática: TDO não é a nossa realidade” e “É preciso ampliar: não existe solução mágica para a tuberculose”. As informações coletadas tem a ver com a visão dos gestores sobre a implementação do TDO da TB em Porto Alegre, os limites encontrados pelos profissionais da saúde para realizarem o TDO e os movimentos, na lógica da promoção da saúde, realizados pelos profissionais no controle da doença. A pesquisa identificou uma baixa cobertura de TDO em Porto Alegre, além de discrepâncias entre o que é recomendado e planejado para a implementação do TDO e o que é colocado em prática. Por fim, foram indicadas estratégias que levam em conta os determinantes sociais da saúde, identificadas pelos profissionais como importantes para o controle da TB. Contudo, segundo os participantes ainda é pouco explorada a potência destes projetos para a realização do TDO. Sugere-se, devido à importância e à complexidade do tema TB, que se siga investindo em estudos que analisem o contexto de implementação do TDO, analisando os limites e as possibilidades da realização de ações que objetivem a promoção da saúde dos usuários acometidos por TB. / This research aimed at analyzing how the Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) of lung tuberculosis (TB) is being implemented in the municipality of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by identifying its approaches to the actions of Health Promotion as recommended and suggested by the National Program of Tuberculosis Control. The study was qualitative. It was carried out on the basis of Health Promotion assumptions and concepts. Data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with nine health professionals who are involved in the implementation of the DOT strategy in selected health services, as well as from official documents and technical manuals of TB control. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and by the Research Ethics Committee of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Porto Alegre. The results were organized in a main category called “The scenario of the DOT of TB in Health Services of Porto Alegre”. This category was divided into three subcategories: “The managers’ words: our speech is the speech of the Ministry”, The awareness of the limits of practice: DOT is not our reality” and “Broadening is needed: there is no magic solution for TB”. The information analysis comprised the managers´ vision as to the implementation of the supervised tuberculosis treatment, the difficulties of health professionals to carry out the DOT and the movements within the health promotion logics, made by the professionals within the field of disease control. The research led to the conclusion that there is a low coverage of the DOT in Porto Alegre. In addition, there are discrepancies between what is recommended and planned for the implementation of DOT and what is put into practice. At last, strategies that take into account the social determinants of health were indicated by the professionals as important for TB control. However, the research participants suggested that the potential of these projects for the realization of DOT is still less explored. Due to the importance and complexity of the TB issue, it is suggested the continuing of investments on studies that analize the context of the implementation of DOT, analyzing the limits and possibilities of performing actions to promote the health of people with TB. / Este estudio tenía como objetivo analizar el modo cómo está siendo implantado el tratamiento directamente observado (TDO) de la tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar en la municipalidad de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, identificando sus aproximaciones con las acciones de Promoción de la Salud recomendadas y sugeridas por el Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis. El estudio fue realizado con base en el referencial de la Promoción de la Salud, y delineado por el carácter cualitativo del tipo exploratorio-descriptivo. Las informaciones analizadas se obtuvieron a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 9 profesionales de la salud involucrados en el TDO así como de documentos oficiales y manuales técnicos de control de la TB. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Federal del Rio Grande do Sul y por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Porto Alegre. Los resultados se organizaron en una categoría principal “El Escenario del TDO de la TB en Servicios de Salud de Porto Alegre” que se divide en três subcategorías: “Las palabras de la gestión: nuestra habla es el habla del Ministerio”, “La consciencia de los límites de la práctica: TDO no es la nuestra realidad” y “Es preciso ampliar: no existe solución mágica para la TB”. El análisis de las informaciones comprendió la visión de los gestores en cuanto a la implementación del TDO de la TB, las dificultades de los profesionales de la salud para realizar el TDO y los movimientos, en la lógica de la promoción de la salud, realizados por los profesionales en el control de la enfermedad. El estudio generó la conclusión de que hay una baja cobertura de TDO en Porto Alegre. Además, hay discrepancias entre lo que es planeado y orientado con lo que es puesto en práctica, con respecto al TDO. Por fin, se identificaron estrategias innovadoras realizadas por los profesionales de la salud para el control de la TB, que consideran los determinantes sociales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía es poco explorada la potencia de estos proyectos para la realización del TDO. Debido a la importancia y a la complejidad del tema TB, se sugiere seguir con inversiones en estudios que presentan nuevas estrategias para el control de la enfermedad.

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