Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-23T18:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Rodrigo Mota - Dissertação de Mestrado em Filosofia.pdf: 1444761 bytes, checksum: 0b511156e260e2d8af35c3b509132e9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T18:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Rodrigo Mota - Dissertação de Mestrado em Filosofia.pdf: 1444761 bytes, checksum: 0b511156e260e2d8af35c3b509132e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-10 / CAPES / Neste trabalho me proponho investigar o que significa, no vocabulário bergsoniano, a inteligência, qual é para este autor sua origem e função no ser humano, sua dupla gênese com a matéria e, a partir destas investigações, compreender e explicar por que para Henri Bergson esta faculdade cognitiva compõe o principal instrumento da ciência, mas não é capaz de resolver os problemas apresentados pela metafísica tradicional, além de apresentar a solução proposta pelo autor francês, através do que ele chamou “método intuitivo”. / In this work I intend to investigate the meaning of intelligence, in a bergsonian context, what is its real function on humans, its double-genesis with matter and, from those investigations, understand and explain why, for Henri Bergson, this cognitive faculty is the main instrument for science, but is incapable to solve the problems presented by traditional metaphysics, and present the French author’s solution to this, thru what he called “intuitive method”.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3399_1.pdf: 1574901 bytes, checksum: 43fb62a410df42385850c0ab099f4bd3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Universidade Federal de Pernambuco / A formação do professor do curso de Pedagogia comporta dentre outros aspectos a formação de convicções pedagógicas. As convicções pedagógicas são constituídas ao longo da existência, através das oscilações entre princípios subjetivos e princípios objetivos. Este estudo analisa o processo de formação dessas convicções pedagógicas que funcionam como princípios norteadores da prática docente. Tomamos por convicção pedagógica esta postura pessoal e íntima, emergente da reflexão sobre princípios objetivos e subjetivos, funcionando como uma certeza que quando a alcançamos é o resultado de um profundo processo do pensar criativo, não-ingênuo. A hipótese de trabalho consiste em considerar a experiência intuitiva como elemento constitutivo das convicções pedagógicas. Nesse sentido, para compreender a experiência intuitiva, optamos por estudar as contribuições de Henri Bergson e de sua Teoria Intuicionista. A razão desta opção teórica repousa na possibilidade de aproximação à inteireza de cada pessoa com a formação humana, pensada aqui como integralidade humana, onde a intuição é uma das dimensões cruciais para a percepção desta integralidade. Do ponto de vista metodológico, optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa através do enfoque hermenêuticofenomenológico. Para elegermos os professores a serem pesquisados, aplicamos um questionário entre os discentes de duas instituições do ensino superior da cidade do Recife, pedindo que apontassem os professores mais significativos em sua formação. Após a tabulação dos questionários identificamos os professores mais citados pelos alunos. Com estes professores efetuamos uma primeira entrevista, a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Depois selecionamos três de cada instituição com os quais iniciamos os encontros temáticos para coleta das narrativas biográficas. Os encontros temáticos deste segundo momento não apresentaram questões fechadas, porém delineamos algumas questões que colaboraram para nossa análise posterior. Foi possível detectar que os professores pesquisados, embora de maneira diferenciada assumem ter convicções pedagógicas, porém nas narrativas alguns tiveram mais dificuldades de expressar essa convicção que outros. É importante ressaltar que todos os professores demonstraram atenção à experiência de sua prática pedagógica e com os resultados dessa. Pela própria natureza do tema pesquisado, uma certeza autêntica não se pode encontrar, mas houve uma aproximação a partir do narrado pelos professores

This project addresses the problem of monovalent interpretations of habit’s role in a creative means of living within the literature. Analyses tend to opt for an either/or logic, in which the majority of research conducted reflects a detrimental, constraining role for habit as regards creativity while responses to this dominant position still operate under a singularly-positive understanding of habit. Introducing a multivalent conception of habit is a component within the broader purpose of challenging dominant conceptions of political improvement or “progress” (acknowledging how historically- and contemporarily-loaded such a term remains), while leaving open the much-needed potential for change. The research demonstrates the dangerous, immobilizing interaction between individual habit formation and the modern, linear teleological focus on political prediction and destination. Concurrently, it points to the benefits to creativity habit can provide when individual habituation is immersed in a different sense of political engagement. This bipartite argument is made through a Bergsonian method, built up from the intuitive primacy of flow and becoming and their decomposition into apparently stable forms and relations. Inspiration is drawn not only from the works of Bergson, but also Deleuze, Heidegger, and successors. By examining the multiple lines internal to habit, the research prescribes the importance of a balanced approach to the direction of political effort between a sense of improvement which advances to livable destinations and a sense which departs from unlivable locations. This is not a balance of the middle way, but of the constant passage between polar extremes (a both/and logic of habit) and individual negotiation amongst free and constrained political actions. By opening up the complexities of habit, subsequent work can interrogate further social and political elements which enable the persistence of teleological ideology and develop new political mechanisms to promote meaningfully diverse engagement and openness to the radically unpredictable. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AZIZE MARIA YARED DE MEDEIROS.pdf: 1274502 bytes, checksum: 29ccf54a80bcbace6a44480cbf796b32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / The object of this essay is to understand the mystic formulated by Henri Bergson, in his last work The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. The philosopher s reflections show two kinds of religious manifestations, which he called static and dynamic. The first one is characterized by institutionalized religions, with its dogmas and doctrines, whose traces are recognized as responsible for the processes of social cohesion. The second, known as dynamic, is related with the mystic, object of analysis of this essay. The multiple meanings of the term mystic and the complexity of the phenomenon required research about the historic and linguistic development of its roots. Mystic is understood in this thesis as a subjective human experience, which establishes, in a conscious way, a direct relationship, with no intermediary, with God, or the Absolute or even better, with Mystery, causing deep transformation in the subject of the experience, with social and communal consequences. Mystic, a definitive expression of bergsonian metaphysics, derives from an intuitive process and establishes the impossibility of intelligence and rationality to reach the Absolut. His reflections are based on theories of evolution. He argues that there is no opposition between creationism and evolution, and establishes the existence of élan vital, a vital force which, along with matter, develops the planet and its species. We found, in the makeup of Bergson s metaphysic thoughts and using his intuitive method, elements which can sustain the proposal thesis: we understand that the individual impetus for the search of meaning is part of the structure of human consciousness, and the comprehension that there is an ascendant evolutionary process, inherent to life and undertaken by humanity, reaches its summit and the core, not only in the mystic experience, but also in the loving action generated by it. / É objeto deste trabalho compreender a mística, conforme formulada por Henri Bergson em As Duas Fontes da Moral e da Religião, sua última obra. As reflexões do filósofo apresentam os dois modos de manifestação religiosa, por ele denominadas estática e dinâmica: a primeira, caracterizada pelas religiões institucionalizadas, com seus dogmas e doutrinas, cujos traços são reconhecidos como responsáveis pelos processos de coesão social; a segunda, denominada dinâmica, identifica-se com a mística, objeto de análise deste trabalho. A polissemia do termo mística e a complexidade do fenômeno demandaram uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento histórico e linguístico de suas raízes. A mística é compreendida nesta tese como uma experiência humana, subjetiva, que estabelece, de forma consciente, uma relação direta e sem intermediações com Deus ou o Absoluto ou, melhor ainda, com o Mistério, e causa profunda transformação no sujeito da experiência, com consequências sociais e comunitárias. A mística, expressão definitiva da metafísica bergsoniana, resulta de um processo intuitivo e estabelece a impossibilidade de a inteligência e a racionalidade atingirem o Absoluto. A base de suas reflexões se encontra nas teorias da evolução. Defende não haver oposição entre criacionismo e evolucionismo e estabelece a existência de um élan vital, um impulso criador da vida que, junto à matéria, desenvolve o planeta e suas espécies. Encontramos, na construção do pensamento metafísico de Bergson e na utilização de seu método intuitivo, elementos que podem sustentar a tese proposta: nosso entendimento de que a pulsão individual pela busca de sentido é parte da estrutura da consciência humana e a compreensão de que existe um processo evolutivo ascendente, intrínseco à vida e empreendido pela humanidade, cuja realização atinge seu ápice e âmago não somente na experiência mística, mas na ação amorosa que dela decorre.

Ett av nyckelbegreppen i Henri Bergson filosofi är Nuflödet. Bergson använder nuflödet för att beskriva hur varat i tiden är konstituerat som rörligt. I denna uppsats undersöker jag vad som är frihetens plats i nuflödet genom att studera hur Bergsons tankar om de mänskliga villkoren, intuitionen, livet och evolutionen utvecklas i Tiden och den fria viljan - En studie i omedelbara medvetandefakta (1889), Intuition och intelligens – Introduktion till metafysiken (1903) samt Creative Evolution (1907). För att se intuitionens roll för friheten i Bergsons filosofi har jag gått i dialog med Gilles Deleuzes ”Intuition as a method” (Bergsonism, 1988) samt "Lecture Course on Chapter Three of Bergson's "Creative Evolution"(1960). Deleuze klargör vikten av Bergsons intuitiva metod för att nå frihet i nuflödet. För att göra en kritisk jämförelse vänder jag mig sedan till Daniela Vallega-Neus artikel "Disseminating Time: Durations, Configurations, and Chance." (2017). Denna jämförelse öppnar upp för en vidare förståelse av vad frihet inifrån nuflödet skulle kunna vara. Den möjliggör även en argumentation om dans som en alternativ metod för att uppnå frihet i nuflödet. / One of the key concepts of Henri Bergson’s philosophy is Duration. Bergson uses duration to describe how being in time is constituted as moving. In this thesis I am searching for what room there is for freedom within duration by studying how Bergson’s thoughts about human conditions, intuition, life and evolution evolve in Time and Free Will (1889), An Introduction to Metaphysics (1903) and Creative Evolution (1907). I do this in dialogue with Gilles Deleuze´s ”Intuition as a method” (Bergsonism, 1966) and “Lecture Course on Chapter Three of Bergson's "Creative Evolution"”(1960). Deleuze clarifies the importance of Bergson’s intuitive method to reach freedom in duration. To make a critical comparison I use the article "Disseminating Time: Durations, Configurations, and Chance." (2017) written by Daniela Vallega-Neu. This comparison opens up to a broader sense of how freedom within duration could be conceived. It also makes an argument for dancing as an alternative method in order to reach freedom in duration possible.

William Faulkner is famous for stating he agrees with Henri Bergson's optimistic philosophy of time, a philosophy that emphasizes human freedom and action precisely as they relate to time. However, many of Faulkner's characters are defined by their stagnant and lethargic personalities which cannot change; these characters are held immobile by an over – identification with the rich history of their mythic, southern past. This paper, through in depth explorations of Faulkner's masterpieces, Absalom, Absalom! and The Sound and The Fury seeks to consider human mythmaking as the key to understanding Faulkner's difficult works. This critical approach allows us to better understand these works as conflicts between diachronic (linear or "normal") time and synchronic time (mythological or circular) time or more simply conflicts between the brute, inexorable world of fact and the human, meaning making world that is often a specious undermining of reality and change.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as abordagens interpretativa e processual dos Estudos Organizacionais, expressas nas obras de seus principais autores – Karl Weick e Robert Cooper, discutindo sua relação com a filosofia do processo de Henri Bergson. Esta análise é executada no intuito de que, em se verificando uma aproximação entre estas abordagens e a filosofia bergsoniana – seus conceitos pilares e o método intuitivo – seja possível vislumbrar uma teoria do conhecimento em base processual, uma “epistemologia do processo”. A motivação para realização deste estudo deu-se por duas principais razões. A primeira é decorrente do meu próprio estranhamento e interesse, seguido de questionamentos que me levaram ao aprofundamento nas propostas destas abordagens e nas leituras dos seus principais autores. A segunda é que, em executando esta aproximação com a filosofia de Bergson e vislumbrando uma teoria do conhecimento em base processual, a negligência com que estas abordagens são tratadas dentro da área dos Estudos Organizacionais dominantes (mainstream) seja diminuída. A referência utilizada para a execução do trabalho dirigiu-se, em função da sua própria natureza, para a hermenêutica – mais especificamente para a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer, que permite uma interpretação geradora de conhecimento político-moral engajado e preocupado. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta as considerações e os resultados da análise das abordagens processuais à luz da filosofia de Bergson, verificando que, embora estas abordagens entendam a realidade como processual, elas carecem de alinhamento ontológico e epistemológico com a filosofia do processo bergsoniana. Entretanto, ao entender e compreender a realidade sob a ótica do processo, denotando uma axiologia processual, ambas as abordagens abrem possibilidades interessantes para o reposicionamento das Teorias Organizacionais. Estas possibilidades permitirão discutir a falácia da centralidade, armadilha positiva e funcional que os Estudos Organizacionais são tentados a assumir quando entendem o processo e o movimento não como algo natural e constante, mas como exceção e hiato. / This study aims to analyze the processual and interpretative approach of Organisational Studies, expressed in the writings of its main authors - Karl Weick and Robert Cooper, discussing its relationship to the process philosophy of Henri Bergson. This analysis is performed in order that, in noting a connection between these approaches and Bergson’s philosophy - his core concepts and the intuitive method - it is possible to envision a theory of knowledge on a processual basis, an "epistemology of the process." The motivation for this study had two main reasons. The first is due to my own amazement, followed by questions that led me to go deeper on the proposals of these approaches and readings of its main authors. The second is that in executing this approach with the philosophy of Bergson, and overlooking a theory of knowledge on a processual basis, the neglect that these approaches are treated within the area of Organisational Studies (mainstream) could be decreased. The reference used for the execution of the study was, on according to its own nature, the hermeneutics – specifically the hermeneutical philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer, which allows the generation of a moral-political knowledge, engaged and positioned (Schwandt , 2003). Finally, the study presents the findings of the analysis of the processual approach to the philosophy of Bergson, noting that although these approaches understand reality as process, they lack ontological and epistemological alignment with the process philosophy of Bergson. However, in understanding and comprehending the reality from a process perspective, denoting an axiology of process, both approaches open up exciting and interesting possibilities for the repositioning of Organisational Theories. These possibilities will discuss the fallacy of centrality, the positive and functional trap that Organisational Studies are tempted to fall when understanding the process and the movement as something not natural and not constant, but as exception and hiatus.

This study is concerned with the spiritual impetus and the lived dimension of the philosophy of the French Thomist Jacques Maritain in light of John Caputo's Heideggerian critique of Thomist metaphysics. In Heidegger and Aquinas: An Essay on Overcoming Metaphysics, Caputo argues that the thought of Thomas Aquinas, probably the most important and most representative figure of orthodox Catholic thinking, is a paradigmatic case of what Martin Heidegger calls 'ontotheology'. This is the dominating tendency of Western philosophy and theology to view Being not as a mystery, but metaphysically as a mere collection of things which are simply present- external to the human being and the value of which is use. For Aquinas, according to Caputo, God is the highest 'being' that creates other 'beings', and it is in virtue of this relationship that human beings, allegedly made in God's image, view the world simply as a collection of things to be manipulated. The first question constituting this study's point of departure, then, is: if Aquinas is indeed an exemplar of ontotheological thinking, is the same true of Jacques Maritain, perhaps the twentieth century's most influential follower and interpreter of Thomas Aquinas? Yet in the same work Caputo also proclaims that what has been said is not the whole truth about Aquinas, and the argument that his thought is an instance of ontotheology is in fact what Caputo sets out to respond to-for the sake of recovering an Aquinas who was not a 'cold rationalist', but a spiritually gifted contemplative, a Catholic saint. Caputo makes the case that we can, by employing a method of 'retrieval' or 'deconstruction'-inspired by Heidegger and Jacques Derrida-find that which is hidden or left 'unthought' in Aquinas but which nevertheless determines his entire philosophical and religious life. This, Caputo argues, is a pre-metaphysical, mystical tendency directed towards the mystery of being, which overcomes metaphysics and escapes ontotheology. Here I apply this Heideggerian critique and retrieval to Maritain, and I argue that while there is in Maritain the same 'ontotheological' tendency to view reality as a collection of things and God as paradigmatic maker of things-the prima causa so richly expressed in Thomistic doctrines of the 'transcendentals' and participative being-there is in him a deep pre-metaphysical, mystical tendency which is, in fact, far more explicit than in Aquinas. In the first part of the study, I compare the philosophical doctrines and projects of Maritain and his first teacher and guide, Henri Bergson, and then of Heidegger in relation to Maritain. I also give a sketch of Maritain's religious and intellectual development, identifying the key religious and artistic figures involved: the novelist Léon Bloy and the painter Georges Rouault. In light of the philosophical analyses and what can be gleaned from Maritain's biographical notes, his correspondence, and the biographical insights provided by those close to him, I argue that we can see in Maritain the same concern for the question of the meaning of being in relation to human life that we find in Heidegger, and that, like Heidegger, this concern underlies his philosophical thought and serves as the impetus for something beyond philosophy. I show that from his Bergsonian beginnings to his later days as a Little Brother of Jesus, Maritain has a profound sense of the pre-conceptual and intuitive kinds of knowledge that we find in existentialist thinkers such as Heidegger, and also artists and mystics. I posit that while Maritain claims what he calls the 'intuition of being' is the most primordial experience human beings can have of ultimate reality, there is, in fact, an experience, or aspiration to have such an experience, which is even more basic, with greater implications for overcoming metaphysics and ontotheology: mystical communion with ultimate reality. The aspiration for such communion is, I claim, the 'unthought' in Maritain that must be sought out for the purpose of retrieving a Maritain who goes beyond metaphysics. Mapping out the main branches of Maritain's thinking about being in terms of the classical doctrine of the 'transcendentals' and corresponding instances of connatural knowledge, the second part of the study is devoted to finding where, in Maritain's thought, a retrieval might be possible. Examining Maritain's conceptions of the connatural experience-knowledge of the moral good and mystical experience, I conclude that we cannot discover any overcoming of metaphysics and ontotheology in either when they are taken on their own terms. For underlying both conceptions, I claim, is Maritain's 'master concept' of the 'act of existence', or esse, the metaphysical principle which makes it possible for the human being to take hold of their own existence and participate in the moral and divine life. The distinction between esse and the essence of beings (essentia) and a stress on the former, as Caputo argues with regard to Aquinas, in fact only supports Heidegger's thesis on the ontotheological character of Thomist thought. For a stress on esse, the principle by which God creates and sustains things in existence is only the outcome of a preoccupation with conceiving God primarily as the 'maker' of things. And what of esse when it comes to mystical experience? Mystical experience, Maritain says, is that of which metaphysical wisdom 'awakens a desire' even while it is unable to attain it, such that the testimony of it, such as that provided by St. John of the Cross, 'no philosophical commentary will ever efface'. Yet here, too, esse only serves to make an unbridgeable ontological and cognitive divide between God as viewed in terms of His causal transcendence and as an intentional object of consciousness, as presence- something or someone external to oneself. This is so even as one is, in virtue of the connatural experience-knowledge of love, united with Him in 'one spirit', as Maritain says, following St. John of the Cross. Given this, I seek a retrieval of Maritain elsewhere, in the richest and most original areas of his thought: the connatural experience-knowledge of the artist and the relationship between the artist and the mystic. For Maritain, true artists and mystics are not concerned with reducing reality to manageable chunks but with expressing the mystery of reality, and, as I demonstrate in the final two chapters, it is when the vocations of the Catholic artist and the Catholic mystic converge in Maritain's reflections-in the cases of Léon Bloy, St. John of the Cross, and Maritain's wife Raïssa-that we are able to retrieve a Maritain that, while very much remaining a Catholic philosopher, is also a mystic. I claim that it is when his thought is situated in its wider existential and religious context that Maritain as both thinker and contemplative escapes the charge of ontotheology because there exists in him a primordial and utterly determining mystical aspiration to experience a communion in love with ultimate reality, best expressed in terms of poetic and mystical language, rather than the metaphysical language of Thomist philosophy. Essential in demonstrating this are events in Maritain's life as well as people-artists and mystics-who reveal the mystery of Being to him. Toward the end of the study, I claim that this immanent mysticism in Maritain-which, unlike that of Caputo's retrieved Aquinas-balances apophatic and cataphatic elements and, as such, is complex and profound enough to render the categories of contemporary debate on the nature of mysticism and mystical experience in need of revision.

This study of Alain Robbe-Grillet’s first four published novels seeks to examine the manifestations of four different philosophical concepts in these works. Each novel will be taken as a primary example of Robbe-Grillet’s interrogation of either time, space, difference or repetition. The title of this work, ‘Philosophical Conceptions of Time, Space, Difference and Repetition in the Early Novels of Alain Robbe-Grillet’, as apparently uncomplicated as it is, is useful not only for directly implicating the topics to be examined, but also for what it does not directly allude to. By making reference neither to Robbe-Grillet’s involvement in the movement of the Nouveau Roman nor the theoretical ideas he developed, the title demonstrates one of the main approaches employed here; for Robbe-Grillet’s novels will be examined first and foremost for the textual qualities they exhibit, and will not be tested against the author’s statements, as is most often the case in studies of Robbe-Grillet. When examining these novels, we will thus neither support our study with quotations from Robbe-Grillet’s many interviews and public statements, nor concern ourselves with the apparent objectivity or subjectivity of the novels’ narrators, nor will we base our examinations of the philosophical concepts found in the novels on questions of subjectivity or objectivity. It will become clear throughout our work that Robbe-Grillet’s novels, particularly the early novels that are the focus of this work, have been very well researched and from many different perspectives, yet in spite of the proliferation of texts dealing with these novels certain standard readings have evolved that impinge on the advancement of our understanding of Robbe-Grillet’s complex works. We will argue that this is precisely because these readings actually negate the multiple interpretations that the novels demand and that these standardised readings therefore work as fixed central points around which almost all analyses of the novels revolve. It is thus the aim of this work to complicate these dominant readings by engaging with the ways in which the novels both offer and deny different interpretations, a strategy that ultimately results in the impossibility of a sole fixed reading. In choosing this approach to study the novels, we wish to concentrate solely on the non-representative aspects of these novels. That is to say, the novels will not be treated here, as they are by many critics, for the way they present themselves on the surface as merely concerned with an interrogation of narrative strategies, characterisation or with an application of Robbe-Grillet’s theoretical modus operandi. Rather we will argue that the texts simultaneously invite a deeper reflection on philosophical concepts. The possibility the novels offer to consider the four philosophical concepts that are the focus of this study will be remarked by the novels’ continual engagement with these ideas so as to suggest finally the opportunity of conceiving of these concepts in a literary discourse. Thus, the philosophical concepts which will be deployed in examining Robbe-Grillet’s novels aim to elucidate not strict equivalences between a given concept and its expression in the novel, but rather the ways in which the novels themselves can be seen to propose their own conceptions of these philosophical notions. Thus, each of these chapters will ostensibly deal with a particular philosophical notion, yet they can be seen to work towards a similar shared goal; for each section of this study will propose that it is impossible to isolate a single unifying thesis or central controlling identity through which the texts can be examined. Instead, we will suggest that the novels are governed by a logic of difference in itself, a philosophical notion which, as we will see throughout this work, operates outside of the notion of identity and which favours fluid, unstable and continuously evolving relationships of its constituent parts.

Thesis--Amiens, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 441-469).