Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:10:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridGRN_DISSERT.pdf: 1712164 bytes, checksum: dabfde5bb21f83b12e7027f0bbba177f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The real estate dynamic originates new spatial forms, which can determine new uses and new places. We tried to analyze this work, the spatial transformations in the Ribeira district, Natal / RN, due to the advancement of the housing market that is gradually transforming the landscape with the introduction of new types of housing, especially by verticalization. The verticalization of the neighborhood occurs almost at once, changing the local landscape. Notwithstanding this process, given the rapid growth of Natal in the last two decades and the strategic location of the neighborhood, it is pertinent to note that, if not the process of vertical integration, perhaps the neighborhood had been at the mercy of other urban interventions and other approach the real estate market. The research used as instruments interviews with actors who work in the property market in the town and representatives of organizations that have implemented major legislation in the area, the Instituto de Patrim?nio Hist?rico e Art?stico Nacional (IPHAN) and the Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo (SEMURB) as well as photographs on the area, in order to verify this new configuration that has been consolidated in the district. To support the theoretical discussion, there was a documentary and bibliographical research. In this way, the object of study of this search sees the uniqueness of urban renewal in the district of Ribeira and its relationship with the historic preservation laws and incentives for residential occupation in the neighborhood, especially regarding the vertical building / A din?mica imobili?ria origina novas formas espaciais, que podem determinar os novos usos dos lugares. Buscou-se analisar, nesse trabalho, as transforma??es espaciais no bairro da Ribeira, Natal/RN, devido ao avan?o do mercado imobili?rio que vem transformando gradativamente a paisagem com a inser??o de novas tipologias de moradias, principalmente as verticais. A verticaliza??o do bairro favorecida por uma legisla??o, n?o apenas permissiva, mas indutiva ocorre quase que de uma s? vez, alterando sobremaneira a paisagem local. N?o obstante esse processo, dado o r?pido crescimento da cidade de Natal nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas e a localiza??o estrat?gica do bairro, ? pertinente observar que, se n?o fosse o processo de verticaliza??o, talvez o bairro tivesse ficado ? merc? de outras interven??es urban?sticas e de outro tipo de abordagem do mercado imobili?rio. A pesquisa utilizou como procedimentos metodol?gicos entrevistas com atores do mercado imobili?rio que atuam na localidade e com representantes dos ?rg?os que implementaram as principais legisla??es na ?rea: o Instituto de Patrim?nio Hist?rico e Arquitet?nico Nacional (IPHAN) e a Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo (SEMURB), al?m de registros fotogr?ficos no local, com o intuito de verificar essa nova configura??o que vem se consolidando no bairro. Para respaldar a discuss?o te?rica, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica e documental. De tal modo, que o objeto deste estudo dessa disserta??o vislumbra as singularidades da renova??o urbana no bairro da Ribeira e sua articula??o com as legisla??es de preserva??o hist?rica e est?mulos ? ocupa??o residencial no bairro, principalmente no tocante as resid?ncias verticais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation presents issues on urban sites and the administration of archeological and cultural heritage, in order to point out the relationship, in some historical centers, between urban sites and local communities, public administrators and archeologists. The objective is to verify how the discourse on historical sites was constructed by those three agents, whose main concern was to apprehend the colonizing thought which guided those choices. The city of Marechal Deodoro, in Alagoas, was chosen as the site because of research for the existence of several archeological sites within the city´s perimeter. These sites are being researched on account of the undergoing requalification tasks in the cities? Historical Centers. In this way, our goal was to observe how the practice of Urban Archeology is affecting the normative standard of heritage sites and, consequently, the eclipsing of certain cultural aspects which could otherwise be appropriated by the population for the building of a local identity. In this perspective, this work adopted, as a fundamental point, the distortion of the normative standards regarding the definition of archeological heritage, in favour of the horizontal discourse, in such a way as to, based thus on a theory of the presuppositions of the Post Colonial theories, create reflections on a Public Archeology, in which the otherness processes can become evident in the benefit of more democratic discourses. / La tesis presenta discusiones relacionadas a los sitios urbanos en relación a la gestión del patrimonio arqueológico y cultural, con el fin de mostrar en algunos centros históricos la conexión del sitio urbano con las comunidades locales, los gestores públicos y los arqueólogos. El objetivo es verificar cómo fueron construidos los discursos sobre sitio histórico por esos tres agentes, teniendo como punto primordial captar el pensamento colonizante que orientó tales elecciones. Para la investigación fue elegida la ciudad de Marechal Deodoro, en el Estado de Alagoas, que alberga en su perímetro urbano diversos sitios arqueológicos que están siendo investigados por causa de obras de revitalización de sus Centros Históricos. De esta forma, la intención fue percibir cómo la práctica de la Arqueología Urbana está influenciando el patrón normativo de "bien patrimonial", teniendo como consecuencia el oscurecimiento de ciertos aspectos culturales que, de otra forma, podrían ser apropiados por la población para la construcción de una identidad local. En esta perspectiva, el trabajo tuvo como punto fundamental la desnaturalización de los patrones normativos de caracterización de lo que es patrimonio arqueológico, a favor de un discurso horizontal, pretendiendo, así, a través del aporte teórico de los presupuestos de las teorías postcoloniales, construir reflexiones para pensar en una Arqueología Pública, donde los procesos de alteridad sean evidenciados en pro de discursos más democráticos. / A tese apresenta discussões relacionadas aos sítios urbanos em relação à gestão do patrimônio arqueológico e cultural, de modo a evidenciar em alguns centros históricos a conexão do sítio urbano com as comunidades locais, gestores públicos e arqueólogos. O objetivo é verificar como foram construídos os discursos sobre sítio histórico por esses três agentes, tendo como ponto primordial captar o pensamento colonizante que norteou certas escolhas. Para a pesquisa foi escolhida a cidade de Marechal Deodoro, no Estado de Alagoas, que abriga em seu perímetro urbano diversos sítios arqueológicos que estão sendo pesquisados por conta de trabalhos de requalificação em seus Centros Históricos. Desta forma, a intenção foi perceber em como a prática da Arqueologia Urbana está influenciando o padrão normativo de "bem patrimonial", tendo como consequência o obscurecimento de certos aspectos culturais, que de outra forma poderiam ser apropriados pela população para a construção de uma identidade local. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho teve como ponto fundamental a desnaturalização dos padrões normativos de caracterização do que é patrimônio arqueológico, a favor de um discurso horizontal, pretendendo, assim, através do aporte teórico dos pressupostos das teorias Pós-Coloniais, criar reflexões para se pensar em uma Arqueologia Pública, onde os processos de alteridade sejam evidenciados em prol de discursos mais democráticos. / Laranjeiras

A verificação dos processos de mutação do Largo Marquês de Monte Alegre, no bairro do Valongo em Santos e, sua conturbada relação com a faixa portuária e frente de água, são o objetivo desta pesquisa. Partindo da análise sistemática de seus elementos constitutivos: geográficos, arquitetônicos, infra-estruturais, urbanos e sociais, são delineados os fatores que determinaram sua construção, sua centralidade e, posteriormente, os fenômenos de degradação e esvaziamento funcional. Aplica-se o termo zona de fronteira ao lugar, por seu caráter emblemático e mutante, onde, através da compreensão e percepção de seu valor histórico, de memória e permanência do patrimônio urbano, é apontada a possibilidade e desejo de sua recuperação, retomando sua condição de centro e elemento indutor da reconversão de toda área histórica da cidade. / The verification of Largo Marquês de Monte Alegre mutation process, in the neighborhood of Valongo in Santos City, and the complex relationship between Santos port and its waterfront, is the main objective of this research. Starting from the systematic analysis of its constituent elements: geographic, infrastructure, urban and social, its possible to outline the mechanisms that once determinated its construction, its centrality and, later, the degradation process and functional emptiness. The term frontier zone can be applied to this place, due to its emblematic and mutant character, where, through the understanding and perception of its historical value, memory and remains of urban patrimony, it opens the possibility and desire for its recovery, bringing back its center condition and inductor element for the whole regeneration of Santos city historical area.

A Dissertação versa sobre as obras para a construção da Estação Sé do Metrô de São Paulo realizadas no início da década de 1970. O foco principal é o resultado dessa intervenção na praça produzida por aquelas obras. Antes, havia duas praças com importante história na cidade, a Praça da Sé, com a Catedral em seu ponto mais elevado, e a Praça Clóvis Beviláqua, com o Tribunal de Justiça como destaque, com um quarteirão todo edificado entre elas, que foi demolido para a construção da estação e da praça que surgiu. Dentre essas edificações demolidas, duas expressam muita simbologia e assumem caráter importante para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, o Palacete Santa Helena e o Edifício Mendes Caldeira. Aquele simbolizava o pensamento da esquerda e de uma época áurea da cidade; esse representou a força do autoritarismo, já que foi a primeira implosão realizada / This dissertation runs upon the works for the construction of the Sé Subway Station in Sao Paulo, conducted in the early 1970s. The main focus is the result of this intervention in the square produced by those works. Before, there were two squares with important history in the city, the Sé Square with the Cathedral at its highest point, and the Clovis Beviláqua Square, with the Court of Justice as a highlight, with a whole city block built between them, which was demolished to the construction of the station and the square that arose. Among those demolished buildings, two express much symbolism and play an important role in the development of this study: the Santa Helena Palace and the Mendes Caldeira Building. The first one symbolized the left wing thinking and a golden age of the city, the other one represented the strength of authoritarianism, since it was the first implosion held in the country at that time.

Proyecto arquitectónico que propone al edificio de usos mixtos residencial como unidad tipológica para contrarrestar la despoblación del Centro Histórico de Lima, al tomar como punto de partida el contraste entre la oferta inmobiliaria y la normativa de esta zona de la ciudad. La investigación se centra en el análisis de la vivienda como “célula esencial de la ciudad”, en los criterios para mejorar la habitabilidad y atmósfera del espacio monumental como principal estrategia para una identidad integral, y en el proyecto nuevo en un contexto como el centro de la Ciudad de Lima, la cual muchos definen como la ciudad del contraste. / An architectural project that proposes the residential mixed-use building as a typological unit to counteract the depopulation of the Historic Center of Lima, by taking as a starting point the contrast between the real estate offer and the regulations of this area of ​​the city. The research focuses on the analysis of housing as an "essential cell of the city", on the criteria to improve the habitability and atmosphere of the monumental space as the main strategy for an integral identity, and on the new project in a context such as the center from the City of Lima, which many define as the city of contrast. / Tesis

The project deals with the use of the site near the historical center of Velké Meziříčí. Originally there were production facilities that were already demolished. At present, this space is in no way used. This territorial study attempts to overcome the possibility of using the site for the emergence of a new urban structure that fulfills the function of housing, civic amenities and also the transport function.

El proyecto de Fórum Universitario en el Centro de Lima es un proyecto que plantea una nueva tipología de edificio educativo en el país. Debido a la concepción unidimensional de las instituciones educativas universitarias públicas en Lima, su infraestructura actualmente responde de manera deficiente a los requerimientos contemporáneos del estudiante universitario y al contexto donde se emplaza. El Forum Universitario resulta del cuestionamiento a esta situación actual. El proyecto busca recuperar la esencia de espacio universitario integrado a la ciudad, sustentado en la investigación de los orígenes de la universidad como tal, que muestra que la universidad surgió gracias a la estrecha relación que sostuvo con el resto de las actividades de las ciudades donde se originaron. De igual forma, plantea, a través del concepto de Paisajes del aprendizaje o Learning Landscapes, que el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante universitario no solo se da en las aulas, sino en una serie de espacios que involucran muchas más actividades sociales y de ocio, que se incorporan en el proyecto y, por tanto, al espacio Universitario. Así, se cuestionan los paradigmas de qué se puede o no hacer en un espacio destinado al desarrollo integral del estudiante Universitario. / The University Forum in the historic Centre of Lima is a project that proposes a new typology of educational building in the country. Due to the unidimensional conception of public university infrastructure in Lima, it responds poorly to the contemporary student requirements and to the context where these buildings are. The University Forum is the result of the questioning of this situation. The project aims to recover the essence of the university space, which is closely integrated to the city, sustained in the investigation of the origins of the university as such, which shows that the university emerged because of the close relationship between academic and non-academic activities, which all took place in various spaces around the city. In the same way, proposes, through the concept of Learning Landscapes, that the university student learning process does not only happen in classrooms but in a series of spaces outside the classrooms that involve more social and leisure type activities, which are incorporated in the project, and therefore, to the university space. In that way, the project questions the paradigms of what can be or cannot be done in a space destined to the integral development of the university student. / Tesis

This theses delves into the restaration of the structure of an urban area in the historical center of the town Strážnice. It covers a modular theme - Tradition of a folk architecture in the contemporary rural development. A location placed in a protected, historical center of the town Stražnice was chosen and a missing structure was designed. The investor requested a creation of a meeting zone for senior citizens and handicaped. This theses offers a detailed analysis of broader relations in the given location as well as presents an urban-architectural study of newly proposed structures.

El proyecto consiste en diseñar un nuevo mercado para el distrito de Magdalena del Mar en Lima, Perú. Este se caracteriza por fusionar las actividades principales de un mercado de abasto y gastronómico con torres de tipologías híbridas, las cuales tienen el uso principal de oficinas, pero varían su función según el usuario, llegando a ser vivienda – oficina o únicamente vivienda. Con la modernización del mercado y las tipologías híbridas se repotencia la zona comercial de Magdalena y se establece como un nuevo polo comercial y turístico en Lima. El terreno se encuentra ubicado frente de la plaza Túpac Amaru, nodo principal del distrito, por la variedad de actividades comerciales, gastronómicas y culturales que se realizan en su entorno. Asimismo, se encuentra a dos cuadras de la Av. Sucre, que conecta el distrito con pueblo libre y la costa verde; y a cuatro cuadras de la av. Brasil, que lo conecta con el Centro Histórico de Lima. El énfasis está enfocado en el uso de los espacios centrales para generar jerarquía y tener recorrido perimetral que permita la integración y permeabilidad con su entorno urbano, además de resolver el problema de la afluencia peatonal en su perímetro. Adicional a esto, se propone el uso de calles internas para lograr una conexión urbana entre el mercado, la Plaza Túpac Amaru, el Boulevard José Gálvez, la Huaca Huantille, la Iglesia Sagrado Corazón de María y el malecón; de esta manera el mercado funciona como motor económico, urbanístico, turístico y social del distrito. / The project consists of designing a new market in the Magdalena del Mar district in Lima, Peru. The market’s concept is characterized by serving the function of both a food market and a gastronomic center for sampling a variety of foods. The market features hybrid typology buildings that serve primarily as offices, but can be adapted into home–offices or just homes, based on the user’s needs. The market’s modernization project and the hybrid typology architecture aim to revitalize the commercial zone in Magdalena and establish it as new commercial and touristic destination in Lima. The land for this project is located across from Plaza Tupac Amaru, a major hub of the district due to the variety of commercial, gastronomic, and cultural activities that take place around it. It is also located two blocks from Avenida Sucre, which connects the district with Pueblo Libre and Costa Verde, and four blocks from Avenida Brazil, which connects it with Lima’s Historic Downtown. The emphasis of the project is placed on the use of central spaces to generate a hierarchy and create a path around the perimeter that allows the market to integrate with its urban surroundings seamlessly, as well as to solve the issue of pedestrian flow. In addition to this, it is recommended to use internal streets to achieve an urban connection between the market, Plaza Tupac Amaru, Boulevard Jose Galvez, Huaca Huantille, Iglesia Sagrado Corazon de Maria, and the Malecón. In this way, the market can serve as an economic driver and urban, touristic, and social center for the district. / Tesis

La thèse porte sur la patrimonialisation de l’urbain à partir des dispositifs censés encadrer le devenir du patrimoine dans les villes et qui se confronte aux logiques de développement urbain. La posture situe la patrimonialisation de l'urbain dans un processus historique. Initialement centrée sur les monuments, identifiés pour leurs valeurs, la patrimonialisation a englobé les contextes pour ensuite considérer les ensembles comme des patrimoines. La patrimonialisation des ensembles urbains doit prendre en compte les multiples dimensions et acteurs impliqués dans la gestion des villes. Ces évolutions nécessitent la conciliation entre la préservation du patrimoine et le développement urbain. Comment, dès lors, penser concrètement une patrimonialisation, spécifique à l’urbain ?L’étude se fonde sur une reconstruction des programmes de projets dans l’intramuros d’Avignon (France) à partir du croisement de données recueillies dans les documents consignés dans les archives municipales (couvrant la période de 1957-2004) avec des données issues d’entretiens avec des acteurs impliqués (entretiens semi-directifs avec 14 personnes ressources). Ainsi, les sources (orales) de première main permettent d’éclaircir et de compléter les sources écrites (archives). En observant les expérimentations entreprises à Avignon, depuis la Loi Malraux en 1964, nous mesurons la construction sociohistorique des pratiques locales qui se sont structurées autour de la préservation du patrimoine en rapport aux orientations nationales et les difficultés d’une prise en compte de la ville historique dans l'évolution urbaine de la ville d’Avignon.La recherche se concentre sur trois (3) moments : les années 1960, 1970 et 1980. Le premier illustre une prise de conscience de l’urgence de préserver les quartiers historiques par la mise en place des secteurs sauvegardés. Ce dernier reste imprégné par la conservation des monuments comme des objets isolés sans arriver à prendre en charge les ensembles. Le deuxième ancre la préservation des ensembles dans les efforts de développement urbain à travers la mise en place des Contrats Ville-Moyenne sous la supervision de l’État. Enfin, le troisième s’affranchit du contrôle de l’État en instaurant des Zones d’Aménagements différées adossées sur des projets issus d’études insistant sur la dimension patrimoniale. L’analyse de ces trois moments consiste à repérer les orientations prises en faveur, ou non, du patrimoine et à rendre compte des contextes et des acteurs impliqués dans ces prises de décisions. En nous référant à des travaux en sciences humaines (sociologie, géographie, anthropologie) et concernant spécifiquement le patrimoine (Amougou, Davallon, Gravari-Barbas, Rautenberg, Veschambres…), nous avons démontré que les orientations qui compromettent la préservation du patrimoine viennent de l’absence de lien entre trois (3) niveaux, repérés lors de l’analyse : la trouvaille du patrimoine, la mise en politique du patrimoine et l’action urbaine. Pour dépasser ces manques de liens entre les trois, la thèse propose un outil pour penser la patrimonialisation de l’urbain, qui réunit et met en relation les conditions de réussite de la patrimonialisation d’un ensemble urbain historique.La recherche doctorale a ainsi permis de produire des connaissances à visée opérationnelle, en plus d’ouvrir plusieurs pistes qu’il serait pertinent d’approfondir. Sur le plan méthodologique, le repérage des mesures prises en faveur ou contre le patrimoine nécessiterait, compte tenu de la complexité du problème tel que posé, une analyse transversale plus approfondie pour définir des indices en faveur de la préservation ou bien de la détérioration. Dans ce sens, les résultats dégagés à partir du cas d’Avignon gagneraient à être confrontés à d’autres terrains. Par ailleurs, l’arrimage de ce travail aux derniers développements en matière de conservation urbaine portés à l'échelle internationale, par ICOMOS et par l’UNESCO, paraît porteur / The preservation of historic cities requires on behalf of the actors committed to the urban development of the urban historic ensemble (EUH) additional efforts to extend their actions beyond isolated buildings. In practice, when developing historic urban ensembles, the conservation of the urban heritage seems to be relegated to an external if compulsory constraint which has to be overcome. This situation often results in the opposition of two aims: development versus conservatory.The question of how can the conservation of urban heritage be better considered is debated on international, national and local scales. By joining this current debate, our thesis aims to answer the following question: how can we improve the management of the imperatives behind urban development in historic cities, when tied to patrimonial obligation towards urban ensembles?The literature review helped us show that the notion of urban heritage, which justifies the urban preservation, was born in the minds of planners confronted with urban development, linking the notion of the urban heritage more closely to that of development than to conservation. In the absence of one that would move towards urban heritage preservation and confronted with the dominant if opposite postures, we realized, based on the literature review, that the opposition shared anchoring elements: the preservation paradigm of actions, centered on buildings and unsuitable in the case of ensembles, this paradigm supported by divergent institutional cultures and strengthened by an opposition between the modes of local implication.Considering the well-known difficulties and the contributions of the literature review, which clarifies the nature of the opposition between heritage conservation and development, how can the preservation of historic urban ensembles be thought differently? To answer that question, we propose reflecting on urban preservation as integrated to urban development.On the methodological level, the nature of the opposition between development and conservation sends us back to the analysis of what takes place on the field. We chose to look at the historic center of Avignon, where various actors have attempted to exceed this opposition. Avignon, as a mid-sized city of the South of France, is endowed with one of France’s biggest protected areas which cover the entire historic center. The history of the actions carried out in the intramural brings out archetypical situations which illustrate the opposition between development and conservation. The case study allowsus to intellectualise the mobilization of urban heritage on 3 levels: Institutional, Find and Urban action. Each of these levels distinguishes itself by the nature of the mobilization and by the point at which are made manifest the mobilization of the material and symbolic dimensions of urban heritage. Starting with the case study, we have conceptualised a model which goes beyond a restricted reading focused on the opposition to think out urban development within the context of urban conservation. The model brings into the urban development the notion of urban heritage designation as a succession of actions which qualify urban historic ensemble as heritage and preserve them. On the scientific level, the model mobilizes notions, borrowed from sociological, communicational, ethnological and geographical approaches of heritage designation. It proposes a new analytical framework for thinking about the actors involved in the urbanistic management of the historic urban ensembles, so as to exceed the oppositions and guarantee a sustainable creation of urban heritage which does not constitute an obstacle for the imperatives of development. The model helps us see the roles at stake and organizes the various actions undertaken by the various actors in favour of both heritage and development to come up with an integrated urban heritage designation