ix, 99 p. / We characterize the diagonals of four classes of self-adjoint operators on infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. These results are motivated by the classical Schur-Horn theorem, which characterizes the diagonals of self-adjoint matrices on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. In Chapters II and III we present some known results. First, we generalize the Schur-Horn theorem to finite rank operators. Next, we state Kadison's theorem, which gives a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a sequence to be the diagonal of a projection. We present a new constructive proof of the sufficiency direction of Kadison's theorem, which is referred to as the Carpenter's Theorem. Our first original Schur-Horn type theorem is presented in Chapter IV. We look at operators with three points in the spectrum and obtain a characterization of the diagonals analogous to Kadison's result. In the final two chapters we investigate a Schur-Horn type problem motivated by a problem in frame theory. In Chapter V we look at the connection between frames and diagonals of locally invertible operators. Finally, in Chapter VI we give a characterization of the diagonals of locally invertible operators, which in turn gives a characterization of the sequences which arise as the norms of frames with specified frame bounds. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material. / Committee in charge: Marcin Bownik, Chair; N. Christopher Phillips, Member; Yuan Xu, Member; David Levin, Member; Dietrich Belitz, Outside Member

Quando confrontado com situações de medo os roedores apresentam respostas comportamentais (ex., luta, fuga, imobilidade e vocalização) e neurovegetativas (taquicardia, hipertensão e defecação) que caracterizam a reação de defesa. Em geral essas respostas são acompanhadas de antinocicepção. Estudos demonstram um papel do óxido nítrico (NO) e de receptores NMDA (N-metil-D-aspartato) na mediação de respostas nociceptivas no corno dorsal da medula espinal. Resultados do nosso laboratório demonstraram que a exposição a uma situação ameaçadora, como o labirinto em cruz elevado aberto ou sem paredes (LCEa), provoca antinocicepção de alta magnitude em ratos e camundongos. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o papel do complexo receptor glutamato/NMDA e NO no corno dorsal da medula espinal na resposta antinociceptiva induzida pela exposição ao LCEa. Camundongos receberam injeção por via intratecal (i.t.) de NMDA (0; 0,4 ou 0,8 nmol/5,0 l) para avaliar seus efeitos intrínsecos sobre a nocicepção. Enquanto a dose de 0,8 nmol de NMDA provocou efeitos nociceptivos, a dose de 0,4 nmol se mostrou desprovida de efeitos. Em seguida, nosso estudo avaliou os efeitos do NMDA (0; 0,1; 0,2 ou 0,4 nmol, i.t.) na nocicepção induzida pela injeção de formalina 2,5% na pata traseira direita do camundongo. Nenhuma dose de NMDA aumentou o tempo de lambidas na pata durante os 10 minutos do teste. Assim, investigamos os efeitos da injeção i.t. de NMDA (0; 0,1; 0,2 ou 0,4 nmol) na antinocicepção induzida pela exposição ao ambiente aversivo (LCEa) ou não aversivo (LCE fechado: quatro braços com paredes; LCEf) em camundongos pré-tratados com formalina a 2,5% na pata traseira direita, durante 10 minutos. O tratamento com NMDA (0,4 nmol) reverteu parcialmente a antinocicepção induzida pela exposição ao LCEa, sem afetar a resposta dos animais expostos ao LCEf. Para avaliar se os efeitos anti-antinociceptivos do NMDA (0,4 nmol) dependem da síntese de NO, camundongos receberam injeção i.t. combinada de L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginina-metil-éster), um inibidor da NOS, e NMDA. O pré-tratamento com L-NAME (40 nmoles/5,0 l i.t.) bloqueou seletivamente os efeitos anti-antinociceptivos do NMDA. Tomados em conjunto, nossos resultados sugerem que a antinocicepção induzida pela exposição ao LCEa pode ser parcialmente revertida pela ativação de receptores NMDA e indicam que esse efeito depende da síntese de NO no corno dorsal da medula espinal de camundongos. / Rodents exposed to threatening situations (e.g., prey-predator interactions) usually display defensive behaviors (e.g., fight, flight, freezing, vocalization), and neurovegetative (e.g., tachycardia, hypertension, defecation) responses characterized as a fear reaction. Commonly, these responses are accompanied by antinociception. Evidence showing that the glutamate NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor and nitric oxide (NO) complex located within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the mediation of the nociceptive response have instigated researchers to investigate the role of the NMDA/NO on some types of fear-induced antinociception. This study investigated the role of the glutamate-NMDA receptor complex and NO in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of mice in the antinociception induced by a potentially aversive situation, i.e., an exposure to an open elevated plus maze (oEPM: four open arms). Mice were intrathecally (i.t.) injected with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA: 0, 0.4 or 0.8 nmol/5.0 l) to assess its intrinsic effects upon nociception. Results showed that NMDA at 0.8 nmol, but not at 0.4 nmol, was able to induce intrinsic nociceptive effect. When injected in animals pre-treated with formalin 2.5% into the right hind paw (nociceptive test), NMDA (0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 nmol, i.t.) did not change time spent licking the formalin injected paw. Then, we investigated the effects of NMDA injection (0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 nmol, i.t.) on nociceptive response induced by formalin test in mice exposed to the oEPM (aversive situation) or enclosed EPM (eEPM: four enclosed arms; control situation) for 10 minutes. NMDA treatment (0.4 nmol) partially reversed the antinociception induced by oEPM exposure without affect nociception in mice exposed to the eEPM. Finally, we investigated whether the anti-antinociceptive effect of NMDA would be dependent on NO synthesis by injecting L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester) i.t., a inhibitor of NOS (nitric oxide synthase), 10 minutes before NMDA injection. L-NAME pretreatment (40 nmol/5.0 l; i.t.) selectivelly blocked anti-antinociceptive effect of NMDA 0.4 nmol. Taken together, our results suggest that antinociception induced by oEPM exposure (i) is, at least in part, reversed by NMDA receptors activation and (ii) this NMDA effect seems to be dependent on NO synthesis within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in mice.

Orientador: Reginaldo Mattar Nasser / Banca: Pio Penna Filho / Banca: Flávia Campos de Mello / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituido em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado San Tiago Dantas / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda as oportunidades e constrangimentos da difusão do poder na África para, a partir de então, investigar as causas das guerras no Chifre da África. O padrão de difusão de poder sobre as populações, os múltiplos centros de poder existentes em um Estado, os mais variados graus de estatalidade e as ações dos diversos atores estatais e não-estatais são determinantes para a eclosão ou não de conflitos na África. Uma vez identificado este mesmo padrão no Chifre da África que, por apresentar uma longa tradição de estatalidade e um grande senso westfaliano, é visto, erroneamente, como uma exceção à regra africana, pretende-se então verificar quais as causas das guerras nesta região. O presente estudo aborda então a guerra entre a Etiópia e a Eritréia e a constituição do Estado etíope e verifica que não só o Chifre da África está inserido no padrão de difusão de poder sobre as populações que é comum à África Subsaariana como identifica neste ponto as causas das guerras de tal região / Abstract: This study considers the opportunities and constraints of broadcasting power in Africa to investigate the causes of the wars in the Horn of Africa. The power broadcast over population pattern, the multiples centres of power and the actions of the many state and non-state actors are determinants to the outbreak or not of conflicts in Africa. Once this pattern is identified in the Horn of Africa which, by its long tradition of statehood and its great Westphalian sense, is mistakenly seen as an exception to the African model, we look forward to verify what the war reasons in this region are. This study then makes an approach on the war between Ethiopia and Eritrea and the very constitution of the Ethiopian state and concludes that not only the Horn of Africa is inserted in the pattern of broadcasting power on populations, which is common to the Sub Saharan Africa, and that such a pattern is the cause of wars in that region / Mestre

Orientador: Eduardo Augusto Ostergren / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Theoro_JaquelinedePaula_M.pdf: 36298604 bytes, checksum: 01c942b426e99e3195f815a54b7a21b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Verificando a importância dos Quintetos de Sopro de Anton Reicha, no repertório camerístico dos trompistas, esta pesquisa tem como finalidade apresentar um estudo analítico e interpretativo das obras "Quinteto em Mi bemol Maior opus 88 nº1" e "Quinteto em Si bemol Maior opus 100 nº 24", ambos para flauta, oboé, clarinete, fagote e trompa, tendo como parâmetros os tratados: Traite de Melodie (1814), o Cours de Composition Musicale ou Traité Complet et Raisonné d?Harmonie Pratique (1818) e o Traité de Haute Composition Musicale (1824-26) do próprio compositor. Na época de composição das obras, Reicha já tinha um amplo conhecimento da trompa natural e por isso, as análises interpretativas foram direcionadas tanto à performance na trompa natural, como na trompa moderna, e desta forma, o trompista atual, mesmo sem utilizar a trompa natural ou a técnica de mão, poderá utilizar na trompa moderna, as informações e observações referentes ao resultado sonoro, exclusivamente característico à técnica de mão, enriquecendo sua interpretação com nuances e características timbrísticas, que antes só poderiam ser percebidas com a performance na trompa natural. Assim, este trabalho além de proporcionar o resgate aos tratados teóricos, amplamente utilizados como referência na época, promove um enriquecimento interpretativo aos trompistas / Abstract: Upon examining the importance of the Woodwind Quintets by Anton Reicha for the chamber music literature and as important repertoire for french horn players, this study has as its main purpose to present an analytical and interpretive study of Woodwind Quintets in E flat major, op. 88 n.1 and Quintet in B flat major op. 100 n. 24. Scored both for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and french horn, this author used as parameters Anton Reicha's own theoretical treatises namely "Traité de Mélodie (1814)" , "Cours de Composition Musicale ou Traité Complet et Raisonné d'Harmonie Pratique (1818)" and "Traité de Haute Composition Musicale (1824-26)" .The dates of these compositions can very well indicate that Reicha had a thorough knowledge of the natural horn. The interpretive analysis here presented are aimed at either the performance of the historical natural horn or the modern french horn. In this way the modern player, even without having access to the natural instrument or the utilization of hand technique, can apply on the modern french horn the information offered here regarding the sound qualities that are a characteristic of hand technique which helps enrich timbristic nuances that can only be perceived on the natural horn. This work, besides offering an insight into the composers theoretical treatises widely used by his contemporaries also offers interpretive suggestions to the modern players of the french horn / Mestrado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Mestre em Música

Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T02:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_LuizGustavoFerraz_D.pdf: 1683443 bytes, checksum: f27b22a1767db423773354723196c9c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Foram avaliadas entre 2002 e 2004, as influências da ação de insetos coprofágicos de dois tratamentos com endectocida (ivermectina), no desenvolvimento da ¿mosca-dos-chifres¿ (Haematobia irritans) (L.1758), em fezes bovinas, no município de Araçatuba, SP, Brasil, bem como da ação coprofágica. No campo, foram capturadas ¿mosca-dos-chifres¿ e coletadas as fezes de bovinos tratados (ivermectina) e não tratados (controle). Para avaliar o desenvolvimento da mosca nos grupos, em condição de temperatura laboratorial e ambiental, os ovos das moscas foram obtidos em laboratório e contadas as larvas inoculadas em fezes bovinas. Considerou-se como resultado dos testes, o número de ¿moscas-dos-chifres¿ emergidas, do número de larvas inicialmente inoculadas. O grupo não tratado obteve maior número de moscas, comparativamente ao grupo tratado, tanto em condição de temperatura laboratorial, como em condição ambiental. O tratamento mensal dos bovinos impediu o desenvolvimento da ¿mosca-dos-chifres¿ por até 30 dias em todos os testes, e no tratamento com única dose, as moscas emergiram a partir do 28º dia após sua aplicação. Para avaliação da ação dos artrópodes predadores, competidores e parasitos da ¿mosca-dos-chifres¿ em fezes bovinas, os ovos das moscas foram inoculados apenas em fezes do grupo não tratado. O número de moscas emergidas das fezes expostas no campo, sob a ação dos insetos da coprofauna bovina, foi significativamente menor (p<0,0021), comparativamente às moscas emergidas das fezes protegidas. Os Dípteros simbovinos no município de Araçatuba, SP, foram similares para os períodos, e entre o grupo tratado e não tratado: Cecidomyidae, Chloropidae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, Sepsidae, Sarcophagidae, Sphaeroceridae e Syrphidae, porém o número, a freqüência, a dominância, a diversidade e a similaridade das famílias, foram influenciadas pelo tratamento / Abstract: The influence of coprophagic insects and the treatment with a anti-helmintic drug (ivermectin) on the development of horn fly (Haematobia irritans) (L.1758), inside bovine feces were evaluated, in Araçatuba county (São Paulo State, Brazil), as well as the influence of these factors on the coprophilic entomofauna. Horn flies and feces were collected in the field from the bovines treated with ivermectin and from untreated bovines (control group). To evaluate the development of these flies in the two groups in conditions of controlled and environmental temperatures the fly eggs were collected, counted and inoculated into bovine feces. The numbers of horn fly that emerged from the feces and the number of larvae primarily inoculated were compared. The untreated group showed a higher number of fly counts, when compared to the treated group (were not observation fly), both in controlled temperature, as well in environmental conditions. The treatment at bovines with ivermectin, performed monthly, prevented the development of horn fly for up to 30 days in all the experiments and, after one treatment with the drug, the flies emerged only on the 28th day. To evaluate the effects of the arthropod predators, competitors and parasites of the horn fly in the bovine feces, flies eggs were inoculated into the feces from the untreated group. The number of flies that emerged from the feces exposed to the field, under the action of coprophilic entomofauna, was significantly smaller (p<0,0001), comparatively to those that emerged from the protected feces. The Diptera associated with bovine dung in Araçatuba municipality, were similar in the treated and untreated groups for studied period: Cecidomyidae, Chloropidae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, Sepsidae, Sarcophagidae, Sphaeroceridae e Syrphidae. However, the total number, frequency, dominance, diversity and the similarities between the families were influenced by the treatment / Doutorado / Doutor em Parasitologia

Orientador: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:21:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_AlineCoelhoda_M.pdf: 1020874 bytes, checksum: 5958193e586711ee1cf0c5fe30134718 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na construção de uma biblioteca genômica enriquecida em microssatélites e na caracterização de dez locos polimórficos para a espécie Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), popularmente conhecida como mosca-dos-chifres, um ectoparasita de grande importância econômica para a pecuária de diversos países, principalmente no Brasil. A biblioteca genômica enriquecida em microssatélites teve um rendimento de 67% considerando-se o número de microsatélites (contendo mais de 7 repetições em série) caracterizados em um total de 109 sequências analisadas. Um rendimento de 22% foi encontrado referente à obtenção de 16 locos potencialmente informativos. Dos microssatélites identificados nesta análise, 85% possuíam motivos (CA)n e apenas 12% apresentaram motivos (GA)n, apesar da biblioteca ter sido enriquecida para ambos os motivos. Neste projeto, dez locos polimórficos de microssatélites foram descritos para a espécie H. irritans. Destes, oito locos apresentaram motivos dinucleotídeos, sendo cinco motivos (CA)n e três motivos (GA)n, além da identificação de um loco com motivo trinucleotídeo (CAA)7 e um tetranucleotídeo (CCGT)6. Entre os dez locos polimórficos, o número de alelos por loco variou entre dois e oito, tendo uma média de quatro alelos por loco, considerados um número baixo quando comparado com outras espécies de dípteros. As heterozigosidades esperada e observada apresentaram um intervalo de 0,1421-0,7702 e 0,1500-0,6750, respectivamente. Os valores de heterozigosidade também foram considerados baixos, sendo inferiores a 0,5 em pelo menos três locos. Após correção seqüencial de Bonferroni, oito locos não apresentaram desvios significativos pelo esperado por Hardy-Weinberg, bem como não foi verificado desequilíbrio de ligação entre os pares de locos. A caracterização destes marcadores microssatélites polimórficos, é potencialmente informativa para elucidar questões evolutivas envolvendo H. irritans como a compreensão da dinâmica populacional e estrutura genética desta espécie. A análise deste marcador molecular poderá orientar projetos de manejo e controle da mosca-dos-chifres / Abstract: The aim of this work was the construction of a genomic microsatelliteenriched library for the species Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), commonly known as ¿horn fly¿, an ectoparasite of great economic importance world-wide, and particularly in Brazil. Here we describe ten polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from this species. From a complete set of 109 sequences analised, 67% contained microsatellites regions (considering sequences with more than 7 repeats). The analysis of these sequences resulted in the identification of 16 potentially informative microsatellites loci (an efficience of 22%). Regarding the composition of the microsatellites sequenced retrived in this process, 85% have (CA)n motifs and only 12% have (GA)n motifs, despite enrichment on both. From the ten polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from H. irritans, 8 have dinucleotide motifs (5 (CA)n and 3 (GA)n), one was a trinucleotide motif (CAA)7 and one was a tetranucleotide motif (CCGT)6. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight, with an average of four alleles per locus. This number of alleles was considered low if compared with other dipterans studies. The expected and observed heterozigosities ranged from 0,1421 to 0,7702 and 0,1500 to 0,6750, respectively. Heterozigosity values were considered low. In this analysis, at least three loci presented heterozigosity values under 0,5. After sequential Bonferroni correction, significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found for 2 loci. No linkage disequilibrium was observed between pairs of loci after correction for multiple tests. The characterization of these polymorphic microsatellites markers is potentially informative to investigate evolutionary questions regarding H. irritans populations by providing fundamental insights into population dynamics and genetic structure. Further projects on horn flies control and management could also benefit from this molecular marker analysis / Mestrado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

HORN is a solution to the problem of how to implement scenarios in a more efficient way than was previously possible allowing researchers who wish to create scenarios for HANK the ability to quicker implement larger scenarios than was previously possible. OpenDRIVE is an open standard for road networks that is believed to be the way forward and Horn is an attempt at unifying OpenDRIVE scenarios with HANK - the driving simulator currently in use at Link\"{o}pings Universitet, thus futureproofing all work done to implement scenarios. Before HORN HANK scenarios were laboriously constructed with a really bad program or by hand and HORN tries to make the process far less painful. This thesis describes how to work with the Road Network Editor program HORN ("Hank and OpenDRIVE Road Networks") that was developed for working with HANK's scenarios as well as my experience implementing it and some of the fascinating rules for how to draw some exotic two dimensional geometries I found out about as I worked on HORN.

It is well known that quad-ridged horn antennas in general have impedance and radiation characteristics that are significantly worse than that of their double-ridged counterparts. Normally a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3 over the operational bandwidth is used for the design specification of quad-ridged horn antennas. The bandwidth of operation is severely restricted due to the excitation of higher order modes in the co-axial to waveguide transition of the antenna. The higher order modes cause a break-up in the radiation pattern of the antenna and large dips in the boresight gain. The performance of the quad-ridged horn antenna with pyramidal sidewalls is improved by separating the antenna into the transition and flared horn sections, and optimizing these sections individually. It is shown that a transition section with a pyramidal cavity and steps, and a flared horn section with an exponential profile with a circular segment for the ridges deliver the best performance. These configurations for the transition and flared horn sections are combined in the complete antenna. The optimized antenna has a 12.5:1 operational bandwidth with improved performance in terms of the VSWR, the coupling between the ports and the boresight gain. A prototype of this antenna is manufactured. Good agreement between the measured and simulated performance is achieved. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

The European Union (EU) deployed its first police mission in 2003. Since then, the EU has deployed thirty-four missions around the world. Considering the great financial burden to the EU budget and the budget of contributing Member States (MS), as well as the fact that the realm of defence is one of the most overdue areas of the European integration project, this thesis asks the general but multifaceted question of where EU missions come from. To address this question the thesis explores the historic origins of EU missions, conceptualises them in view of the conceptual and theoretical developments in the literature and policy practice, and develops a model for the analysis of the decision-making process behind the deployment of EU missions. The model is tested on three case studies, namely the three EU missions deployed in the Horn of Africa European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) Atalanta, European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Somalia and European Union Capacity Building Mission (EUCAP) Nestor. The findings of the analysis reveal a gradual evolution of EU crisis management after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the establishment of the European External Action Service. The analysis indicates that EUNAVFOR Atalanta was primarily deployed due to French impetus at the level of the Political and Security Committee (PSC), but also due to a convincing call of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to the international community to act against the significant increase of piracy activity in the Gulf of Aden in 2008. The EUTM Somalia mission was primarily deployed due to a convincing strategy from the strategic planners at the EEAS, as well as the commitment of the United States (US) to a partnership with the EU to train recruits of the Somali Security Forces (SSF). Finally, the analysis of the third case study reveals even greater impact from the strategic planners at the EEAS and the acceptance at all levels of the EU s Comprehensive Approach to crisis management, and in particular due to the influential Strategic Framework for the Horn of Africa document. The overall interpretation of the findings conclude that the foreign policy of the EU is a moving target, constantly changing, as is exemplified by both the historic overview and the analysis of the three case studies, and that the analysts of EU foreign policy must remain open to these changes when choosing modes of studying EU foreign policy.

This study formed part of the collaborative IDEAL (Infectious Diseases of East African Livestock) project, which focused on the sedentary mixed crop-livestock smallholding system in Western Kenya. This was a longitudinal study where calves were recruited at birth and followed at 5-weekly intervals until 51 weeks of age. The main aim was to investigate the total disease burden of cattle in the study area for the first year of life. The main objectives of the study concerned anaemia as a syndrome in the calves. Anaemia can provisionally be diagnosed based on clinical signs, but a confirmatory diagnosis is based on measuring of red blood cell parameters, such as packed cell volume (PCV), red cell counts (RCC) or haemoglobin (HGB). The FAMACHA / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted