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La teoría de cambio de creencias estudia la forma en que un agente cambia sus creencias cuando adquiere nueva información. Así, el propósito principal de las investigaciones en el campo de la lógica de la teoría de cambio resulta en analizar cómo se producen tales cambios en el estado de creencias de un agente. Dos clases de cambios son principalmente estudiados, denominados contracción y revisión, para la eliminación de antiguas creencias y para la incorporación de nuevas creencias respectivamente. Dentro del terreno de cambio de creencias la teoría dominante es el marco AGM, donde las creencias son representadas como fórmulas lógicas, y asume una lógica subyacente que es al menos tan expresivo como la lógica proposicional. Debido a esta suposición, el marco AGM no se puede aplicar a sistemas con lógicas subyacentes que son menos expresivos que la lógica proposicional clásica tales como la lógica de Horn. El objetivo de esta tesis es ampliar la utilidad del marco AGM mediante la investigación de las contracciones de estilo AGM pero bajo lógica Horn y al que denominamos como contracciones Horn. Nuestras investigaciones se centraron, por un lado, en los principales métodos de construcción de contracción AGM. Algunas de estas construcciones básicas ya fueron adaptados bajo lógica Horn, siempre con respecto a una sola sentencia, sin embargo, su ampliación con respecto a conjunto de sentencias aún no habían sido abordados. Unas de nuestras contribuciones presentadas en esta tesis fue el de ampliar y adaptar estas construcciones a la lógica Horn. Las contracciones adaptadas de sentencias simples a sentencias múltiples son los modelos basados en contracción Horn: partial meet Horn p-contraction, maxichoice y full meet Horn p-contraction y infra Horn p-contraction. Además, se presentan una caracterización axiomática para las nuevas clases de funciones de contracción múltiples bajo lógica Horn. Las contracciones Horn múltiples se restringen a fórmulas Horn, por lo que es válido decir que una contracción Horn múltiple funciona tan racionalmente como lo hace una contracción múltiple AGM. Es decir, una contracción Horn múltiple es equivalente Horn a su equivalente original AGM si se comporta de manera idéntica en términos de fórmulas Horn. Por otro lado (y siguiendo con los tópicos de investigación de esta tesis), se propone mejorar la comprensión y operabilidad de una de las funciones de contracción formalizada bajo lógica Horn, nos referimos a la epistemic entrenchment Horn contraction y su condición (HC ), obteniendo como resultado, una forma aún más restringida a la ya existente para epistemic entrenchment Horn contraction, y con el objetivo de que la nueva operación de contracción Horn (modificada) satisfaga los postulados básicos y complementarios que caracterizan las operaciones de contracción Horn basados en epistemic entrenchment. Se logra con esto, una forma más apropiada de una operación de contracción Horn basado en importancia epistémica. / The theory of belief change studies how an agent changes its beliefs when it acquires new information. Thus, the primary purpose of research in the field of logic of theory change is to analyze how such changes occur in the state of belief of an agent. Two kinds of changes are mainly studied, contraction and revision called for the removal of old beliefs and to incorporate new beliefs respectively. Inside the field of belief change is the dominant theory AGM framework, where beliefs are represented as logical formulas, and assumes an underlying logic that is at least as expressive as propositional logic. Because of this assumption, the AGM framework can not be applied to systems with underlying logics that are less expressive than classical propositional logic such as Horn logic. The objective of this thesis is to extend the usefulness of the AGM framework by investigating contractions AGM style but under Horn logic and we call such Horn contractions. Our investigations concentrated on one side, in the main AGM contraction construction methods. Some of these basic constructions already been adapted under Horn logic, always with respect to a single sentence, however, regarding its expansion set of sentences not yet been addressed. One of our contributions presented in this thesis was to extend and adapt these buildings to Horn logic. Contractions simple sentences adapted to multiple sentences are based models Horn contraction: partial meet Horn p-contraction, and full meet maxichoice Horn p-contraction and infra Horn p-contraction. Moreover, an axiomatic characterization for new classes of functions of multiple contraction in Horn logic are presented. Horn multiple contractions restricted to Horn formulas, so it is valid to say that a Horn multiple contraction operates as rationally as does a AGM multiple contraction. Therefore, one Horn multiple contraction is Horn equivalent to the original equivalent AGM if behaves identically in terms of Horn formulas. On the other hand (and continuing with the research topics of this thesis), aims to improve understanding and operability of the functions of contraction formalized in Horn logic, we refer to the epistemic entrenchment Horn contraction and their (HC ) condition, resulting in an even more restricted to the existing epistemic entrenchment Horn contraction, and in order that the new Horn contraction operation (modified) satisfies basic and complementary postulates that characterize operations epistemic entrenchment based Horn contraction. This is achieved with a more appropriate form of a Horn contraction operation based on epistemic importance.

Undersökningen har studerat intresset för en remedierad version av Gustaf Lundbergs pastellporträtt föreställande Brita Margaretha Horn hos respondenter med varierat intresse för kulturarv.  Artefakten som skapades var en digital, rörlig version av originalet som genom sina förändringar över tid var tänkta att förmedla Britas livshistoria. Den skapades på uppdrag från Vadsbo museum i Mariestad. Undersökningens frågeställning utvärderades genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Med syftet att studera huruvida respondenterna kunde tänka sig att ladda ned en mobilapplikation för att ta del av ytterligare information om Brita och vad de såg för fördelar och nackdelar med remedieringen. Resultatet visade att beroende på konstsyn varierar synen kring remedieringen. Över hälften kunde tänka sig att ladda ned en mobilapplikation för att ta del av mer information om Brita.

Contributing to a fairly new discipline in the region, this study investigates the objectives, contents, design, approaches, strategies and methodologies involved in a Peace Education initiative called The Young Peace Ambassador Program (TYPAP), which is being implemented in East Africa and the Horn of Africa. The aim of the study is to outline the nature, causes and consequences of conflict and violence in northern Kenya and Somalia by looking at the way in which peace education can help build a culture of peace in northern Kenya and Somalia. Accordingly, the consistency of TYPAP with peace education principles, its impact according to interviewees and how far it has met its own objectives were assessed. Thus, using a qualitative case study methodology employing content analysis, interviews and observations, this dissertation shows that TYPAP a multifaceted peace education initiative working with local partners – has potential not just for creating awareness of peace issues, but also for cultivating the seeds of a culture of peace. Following Galtung’s theories, the dissertation also indicates that it is not just “structural violence”, but also the deeper symptoms of “cultural violence”, that we may need to address in taking the region forward in the coming years. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)

The issue of this thesis concerns a selection of historical debates in which new Swedish drama is under discussion. The studied debates take place in the cultural and political fields and within the fields of theater and literature and deal with a recurring assumption in Swedish theatre history – that new Swedish drama is insufficient. The primary object of this thesis is to find explanations to: why is the Swedish new drama so often described as defective? The following questions, guiding the analysis, are: How are the crises described? What are the stakes? How has the dramatic text been influenced by being judged either as literary product or a product for the stage? How is the playwright’s role described, and perhaps changed, in the crises? The aim of the analysis is to understand how traditions and conventions are shaping the debates and contribute to perpetrate the myth of the malfunctioning Swedish new play. In a historical perspective several attempts have been made to govern new Swedish drama by legislative and political power. New Swedish drama has, for example, been viewed as a possible expression of the nation, as part of shaping the Swedish Welfare state or creating interactive communication with the audience. Despite its many uses, new Swedish drama continues to be describes as flawed. The study starts with King Gustav III:s Swedish theatre where the purpose was to produce Swedish original plays. The study ends with an analysis of a new government grant for new Swedish drama, which was installed in 1999. The chosen debates are analyzed with the help of concepts borrowed from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, looking at each historical situation as a possible moment for the establishment of the field ”new Swedish drama”. The survey ends with eight interviews with playwrights, who are active today. The conditions for the new Swedish drama are the guiding line in this thesis. These conditions are found in the cultural, social and historical contexts that cooperate when a taste or convention is being shaped. They are part of the discourses in the field, where criteria for the new Swedish drama is formulated. In order to understand the significance of, for example, the expression, ”the newly written Swedish drama” research has been pursued in biographical material, historical surveys, and debates in the daily press and in professional journals. Without being a full bourdieuan analysis, the thesis is using concepts from Bourdieu. The work of British feminist theatre historian Tracy C Davis inspires the critical historic perspective.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de la représentation des connaissances et du raisonnement en Intelligence Artificielle. Elle traite divers aspects du changement de croyances dans le cadre de fragments de la logique propositionnelle.Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à la complexité du problème de vérification de modèle pour des opérateurs de révision de bases de croyances dans le cadre général de la logique propositionnelle et dans le cadre restreint des formules de Horn et des formules de Krom.Notre contribution principale porte ensuite sur le raffinement des opérateurs de changement de croyances afin que ceux-ci opèrent dans des fragments de la logique propositionnelle. Nous examinons en particulier les opérations de révision, de mise-à-jour et de contraction. Cette approche permet, dans chacun des cas, d'obtenir des opérateurs concrets, dont nous étudions les propriétés logiques en terme de de satisfaction de postulats que doivent satisfaire les opérateurs de changement de croyances rationnels. Divers fragments de la logique propositionnelle sont considérés, notamment les fragment de Horn et de Krom. / This thesis takes place in the field of knowledge representation and reasoning in Artificial Intelligence.It deals with various issues of belief change within fragments of propositional logic.First we focus on the complexity of model-checking for different revision operators within the general framework of propositional logic and within the framework of Horn and Krom fragments.Second, our main contribution is the study of the refinement of belief change operators in such a way that they act within fragments of propositional logic. In particular, we address refinement of revision, update and contraction operators. In each case this approach allows us to define concrete operators, for which we study logical properties in terms of satisfaction of postulates that should hold for any rational belief change operator. Various propositional fragments of propositional logic are considered, such as Horn and Krom fragments.

Die abgeschlossenen Erweiterungen der sogenannten geometrischen Operatoren (Spin-Dirac, Gauß-Bonnet und Signatur-Operator) auf Mannigfaltigkeiten mit metrischen Hörnern sind Fredholm-Operatoren und ihr Index wurde von Matthias Lesch, Norbert Peyerimhoff und Jochen Brüning berechnet. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Einschränkungen dieser drei Operatoren auf eine punktierte Umgebung des singulären Punkts unitär äquivalent zu irregulär singulären Operator-wertigen Differentialoperatoren erster Ordnung sind. Die Lösungsoperatoren der dazugehörigen Differentialgleichungen definierten eine Parametrix, mit deren Hilfe die Fredholmeigenschaft bewiesen wurde. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wird eine Klasse von irregulären singulären Differentialoperatoren erster Ordnung, genannt Horn-Operatoren, eingeführt, die die obigen Beispiele verallgemeinern. Es wird bewiesen, dass ein elliptischer Differentialoperator erster Ordnung, dessen Einschränkung auf eine punktierte Umgebung des singulären Punkts unitär äquivalent zu einem Horn-Operator ist, Fredholm ist, und sein Index wird berechnet. Schließlich wird dieser abstrakte Index-Satz auf geometrische Operatoren auf Mannigfaltigkeiten mit "multiply warped product"-Singularitäten angewendet, welche eine wesentliche Verallgemeinerung der metrischen Hörner darstellen. / The closed extensions of geometric operators (Spin-Dirac, Gauss-Bonnet and Signature operator) on a manifold with metric horns are Fredholm operators, and their indices were computed by Matthias Lesch, Norbert Peyerimhoff and Jochen Brüning. It was shown that the restrictions of all three operators to a punctured neighbourhood of the singular point are unitary equivalent to a class of irregular singular operator-valued differential operators of first order. The solution operators of the corresponding differential equations defined a parametrix which was applied to prove the Fredholm property. In this thesis a class of irregular singular differential operators of first order - called horn operators - is introduced that extends the examples mentioned above. It is proved that an elliptic differential operator of first order whose restriction to the neighbourhood of the singular point is unitary equivalent to a horn operator is Fredholm and its index is computed. Finally, this abstract index theorem is applied to compute the indices of geometric operators on manifolds with multiply warped product singularities that extend the notion of metric horns considerably.