This thesis analyses a specific type of energy usage system, “energy usage in hotels”, and how this system behaves. In order to evaluate the current state of energy use in hotels, an energy audit questionnaire was developed and conducted among 31,5% of hotels on the Adriatic coast. The energy audit was used as a tool to set a benchmark for energy consumption in hotels and to identify opportunities for increased energy efficiency measures in HVAC systems. The analysis has shown that the average energy consumption in hotels on the Adriatic coast is in the range of 159 to 180 kWh/m2 and 162 to 225 kWh/m2 for seasonal and non seasonal hotels respectively. In order to establish a relationship between different independent variables in the hotels (total floor area and number of rooms) and dependent variables, such as electricity and oil consumption, mathematical statistical methods, such as correlation and regression analysis, were implemented. The objective of this thesis was also to develop - from an energy, environmental and economical points of view - a methodology for the design and retrofit of HVAC systems in the hotels on the Adriatic coast. The methodology named HOTECO is based on a system thinking approach. With respect to the technological aspects, the first step was to analyse conventional HVAC system designs and to compare it with the three most promising alternative HVAC systems utilizing renewable energy sources for a typical hotel. Computer modelling in TRNSYS was used to assess energy consumption. TRNSYS software has been used for simulations for a number of years, is internationally recognized, and has been validated and verified. It was concluded that energy and environmental savings in hotels on the Adriatic coast could be achieved using readily available technologies. The HOTECO methodology also demonstrated a framework that supports decision making iv regarding system selection and operational strategies to limit environmental impact from HVAC systems in hotels. Four scenarios for energy consumption in hotels on the Adriatic coast with regards to current state of energy systems and improved retrofit solutions utilizing renewable energy source were given. / QC 20100929

Underwater has always been attractive and curiosity for human beings. Exploring, employing and being part of underwater has been a challenge for them at all times. The first underwater structures were products of engineering studies and have been used for fields of scientific researches and observations, military purposes and obtaining energy for centuries. However, underwater is a new medium for human for accommodation and entertainment purposes / and correspondingly new subject which is worth to study for architects. Designing underwater structures became a race between architects and engineers during last years. Accordingly, underwater hotel and restaurant projects were realized. Currently, underwater structures can uttered as a fantasy and a new understanding for architecture, however in the future underwater may be suggested as a new accommodation area. The thesis aims to point out the design considerations of underwater structures from not merely engineering, but also architectural aspects. Designing underwater has its own principles and characteristics and these should be asserted under the light of the study on former structures. On the other hand, basic criteria and purposes of architectural aspects for underwater structures should be defined to meet requirements of human. To achieve that, parameters will be pointed out and interpreted according to the conditions and limitations of the environment in order to set the fundamentals for architectural approaches to underwater design. A comparative study on contemporary examples will be made to evaluate these parameters and comments will be made under the light of the evaluation.

Magistro darbe yra nagrinėjama turizmo paslaugų vartotojų elgsenos ypatumai, o taipogi viešbučių paslaugų vartotojų elgseną įtakojantys veiksniai. Darbui atlikti buvo remiamasi įvairios mokslinės literatūros šiuos konkrečiu, nagrinėjamu klausimu analize, bei atlikto Šiaulių miesto viešbučių, turizmo paslaugų vartotojų elgsenos tyrimo duomenimis. Pirmoje darbo dalyje apibūdinama vartotojų elgsena, konkrečioje, turizmo paslaugų sferoje, bei šios elgsenos ypatumai. Turizmo paslaugų vartotojų elgsena, kaip ir bet kuri kita vartotojų elgsenos mokslo sritis apima protinius sprendimus bei fizinius veiksmus, kylančius iš šių sprendimų. Vartotojo elgsenos svarbiausia ašis – vartotojas, kuris kaip asmenybė yra sudėtingas subjektas, o jo elgesį nelengva prognozuoti. Antroje darbo dalyje yra pateikiama Šiaulių miesto viešbučių turizmo paslaugų vartotojų tyrimo apibendrinimai bei išskiriamos pagrindinės tendencijos apsprendžiančios Šiaulių miesto viešbučių paslaugų vartotojų elgsenos ypatumus. Šis turizmo paslaugų vartotoj����� elgsenos tyrimas buvo atliekamas siekiant išsiaiškinti, kaip Šiaulių miesto viešbučių klientai vertina šių viešbučių teikiamas apgyvendinimo bei kitas papildomas paslaugas. Buvo siekiama ištirti, ar vartotojus tenkina Šiaulių miesto viešbučiuose teikiamų paslaugų įvairovė bei kokybė. Taipogi buvo siekiama ištirti, kas labiausiai įtakojo vartotojų apsisprendimą, pasirenkant vieną ar kitą viešbutį Šiaulių mieste. Teorinės ir praktinės empirinių duomenų analizės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this master‘s final work there is fulfilled evaluation research of customers behaviour choosing one of Šiauliai city hotels. This investigation was exploring in the Šiauliai city hotels and it was having a purpose – to find out about clients characteristics of hotels services in Šiauliai and to emphasize the main consistent of Services of the hotels in Šiauliai. The project consists of: summary, 2 chapters, one of them is about theoretical aspects of customers’ behavior and other one is about research of customers’ behavior choosing one of Šiauliai city hotels. There were 200 different age respondents, the clients of Šiauliai city hotels. Concurrence in the market of services provided by hotels in Šiauliai city was established in this master’s final work. Conception and structure of concurrence is presented and peculiarities of competitive environment are revealed in this work. Conclusions and recommendations are proposed in the final part of master’s final work.

Having been founded on the basis of trade through its port, Durban has progressively evolved and grown. However, as a result of the dependence on the port, a physical and intangible disconnection has developed between the city fabric and *water’s edge. This has manifested itself in the road and rail connection along the Margaret Mncadi Avenue (formerly the Victoria Embankment) creating a barrier between the city and its edge. As a result of this lack of integration, another issue has arisen: ‘lost space’. This space is undesirable and not conducive to a good city image for the central business district. It becomes apparent that with these factors, there is due cause for an investigation for revitalisation and as Richard Marshall suggests in ‘Waterfronts in Post Industrial Cities’, that using the highly visible urban environment of the waterfront as a tool for revitalisation of the area (Waterfront’s in Post Industrial Cities: 2001, 2) and, in the long term - the revitalisation of the city. Studies of Sydney’s Darling Harbour, Baltimore’s Inner Harbour and Seattle’s waterfront provide insight as to how these interventions uplifted and revitalised these respective cities. Key outcomes of these precedent studies include the mixed-use nature at the waterfront, connections to the city fabric, promenade, open space and a pavilion-like architecture. Most integral to the findings are the inclusion of all dynamics of people who inhabit the surrounding areas utilising the waterfront, making it both an attractive urban locality and a safe urban environment. The inclusion of the cross-section of city dwellers amounts in the mixed-use nature of the waterfront. It is therefore apparent that on the micro scale, the urban intervention should be of a mixed-use nature, further to which, the dire need for hotels in the region of the waterfront, as well as Durban as a whole, point to an intervention by virtue of a mixed-use hotel. From the investigation into the case studies, the design parameters further outline where the intervention needs to address the street edge and public realm, creating a precedent for waterfront design with the intention of the urban design linking the city and water’s edge. The end consequence of such design parameters would be to make the waterfront physically accessible for the purposes of leisure, recreation and commerce for tourists and Durbanites alike. *water’s edge specifically refers to the edge along Margaret Mncadi avenue strecthing between Wilson’s Wharf and the Bat centre, including the Yacht Basin. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Background: The hospitality industry, especially the hotel business, is a relatively new, and rapidly growing industry in Lithuania. The last two decades resulted in a significant expansion of the local hotel market, as well as of operations of international hotel chains. Thus, competition among actors in the industry, along with the companies’ need to differentiate their offerings from those of competitors, has risen. Branding strategies are increasingly used by companies for achieving better positioning on the market, as well as for gaining a competitive advantage and customers’ loyalty. Knowing that global brands play an important role for firms’ visibility on the market, it is important to recognize, and understand the factors influencing marketing management- and branding-related activities. To accomplish this, an in-depth understanding behind the structure and branding strategies of international hotel chains should be developed. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the rationale behind the structure, and operations of international hotel operators in Lithuania, with a focus on the hotels’ branding strategies. Furthermore, the thesis aims to investigate how companies use their brand identity to position themselves in the market. Methodology: This thesis relies on a qualitative research, with a main focus on discovery, and aim to expand current knowledge in the field of hospitality management and branding within the Lithuanian hotel industry. The study consists of an in-depth case study of three international hotel chains operating in Lithuania. The empirical data was gathered from semi-structured, and e-mail interviews with the chosen hotels’ representatives, as well as from secondary data such as annual reports and official websites.   Conclusion: Three key findings are presented in this thesis. First of all, the authors identify business travelers as the main target group of the selected international hotel operators in Vilnius. Secondly, the examined hotel operators are recognized to standardize their structure and operations, but at the same time to customize their marketing strategies to the local market. Finally, the findings indicate that some hotels completely incorporate the brand identity of the chain, which they belong to, while others develop their own brand identity, relying only partly on the identity of the chain. Contributions: This thesis positively contributes to the academic community, as it expands the theoretical knowledge about the Lithuanian hotels industry, with a main focus on the branding- and marketing activities of international hotel chains. The findings provide a practical insight on how companies are positioned in the market in relation to their competitors. Moreover, with an extensive choice of accommodation available in the market, the comparison of hotels is beneficial in helping customers choosing the best alternative according to their needs.

Dagens samhälle brukar betecknas som en upplevelseindustri där kundens drömmar, fantasier och upplevelser står i fokus. I flertalet turism- och resetidningar syns reportage där unika koncept ökat för att uppfylla den efterfrågan som råder på upplevelser. Idag krävs något utöver det vanliga för att utmärka sig på marknaden och de senaste tio åren har begreppet storytelling intagit folks medvetande och beskrivs som ett effektivt marknadsföringsverktyg, vilket handlar om att berätta en historia kring sin verksamhet. Då konkurrensen ständigt hårdnar är det viktigt att hitta en speciell inriktning som får folk att komma tillbaka samt prata om verksamheten. Storytelling är en differentieringsstrategi inom marknadsföring som fler och fler verksamheter anammar då de inser hur berättandets kraft kan skapa starka varumärken. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och undersöka begreppet storytelling genom att se hur tre gotländska hotell väljer att arbeta med detta, samt undersöka vilka eventuella effekter storytelling har gett verksamheterna. En kvalitativ utgångspunkt har använts där undersökningen har skett genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tre hotell, en verksam storyteller samt marknadschefen på Gotlands turistförening. En omvärldsspaning har genomförts för att urskilja dagens användning av storytelling inom hotellbranschen samt övriga samhället. Studien kopplar ihop storytellingbegreppet med teorier inom marknadsföring såsom differentiering, varumärkesuppbyggnad, word-of-mouth samt profil-, image- och identitetsskapande. Teorier valdes då storytelling är en differentieringsstrategi, där förhoppningen är att uppnå ett starkt varumärke genom att profil, image och identitet harmoniserar, och en vanlig effekt är word-of-mouth. I analysen ställs sedan teorier mot intervjuunderlag för att få svar på ställd problemfråga där bland annat förtroende och trygghet, storytellingens sanningsgrad och uppkomna effekter diskuteras. Slutsatsen i denna uppsats visar att storytelling är en effektiv strategi som hotell kan använda när de vill stärka sitt varumärke. När profil, image och identitet harmoniserar i en verksamhet blir varumärket starkt. Positiva effekter som nämns av de responderande hotellen är den nyfikenhet som väcks i kundens medvetande, word-of-mouth samt kundtillströmning. Det är viktigt att berättelsen är trovärdig och sann, och att all hotellpersonal har samma kunskap om berättelserna samt delar samma värderingar. Dock kan sanningen till viss del modifieras för att få historien eller berättelsen mer intressant samt vinkla berättelsen så den blir målgruppsanpassad. / Today’s society is called the experience society where customers’ experiences and dreams are in focus. Companies are finding ways to differentiate themselves in the market and customers are demanding more than just good service. A new marketing strategy has emerged called storytelling. Storytelling is about telling a story about the organization to create an interest in, for example, the history of a hotel. It is important to find a way to get the guests to talk about your hotel and an effect of storytelling could be word-of-mouth. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the word storytelling, how it is used in the hospitality industry as well as how it affects the hotels. The method used is qualitative and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The respondents chosen are three gotlandic hotels, a storyteller and the marketing manager at Gotland’s Tourist association. The conclusion of the study, through the interviews combined with used theories, shows that storytelling is an effective strategy to use when hotels want to strengthen their brand. When profile, image and identity of a business are harmonized, the brand will be strong if the story is true. Positive aspects mentioned by the respondent hotels when using storytelling as a marketing tool was the curiosity it creates in the brand, word-of-mouth and customer flow. It is also important that the story is true and credible and that everyone working for the hotel has the knowledge of the story and shares the same values.

Αναμφισβήτητα, τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες έχουν λάβει χώρα σημαντικές αλλαγές στο επιχειρησιακό περιβάλλον σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα, οι οποίες έχουν μεταβάλλει ριζικά τη δομή του. Παραδείγματα τέτοιων αλλαγών αποτελούν η εισαγωγή ευέλικτων συστημάτων παραγωγής, η εντατικοποίηση και η αυτοματοποίηση των παραγωγικών διαδικασιών, η αύξηση των γενικών εξόδων τόσο ως ποσό όσο και ως ποσοστό επί του συνολικού κόστους των προϊόντων, η μείωση του κόστους άμεσης εργασίας (κυρίως στη βιομηχανία ) ως ποσοστό του κόστους παραγωγής, η αύξηση της ποικιλίας προϊόντων που παράγονται σε μικρές ποσότητες και με διαφορετικές προδιαγραφές, η αύξηση του ρυθμού εισαγωγής νέων προϊόντων στην αγορά τα οποία έχουν μικρό κύκλο ζωής, η υιοθέτηση πελατοκεντρικού προσανατολισμού κ.α. Οι παραπάνω αλλαγές σε συνδυασμό με την αύξηση της έντασης του ανταγωνισμού και της συνεπακόλουθης μείωσης των περιθωρίων κέρδους, έχουν ανάγει σε πηγή ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος την αποτελεσματική παρακολούθηση και, κυρίως, διοίκηση τους κόστους των ξενοδοχειακών επιχειρήσεων. Για τη λήψη ορθών επιχειρηματικών αποφάσεων απαιτείται ορθή πληροφόρηση, η οποία, σε μεγάλο βαθμό, στηρίζεται στα αριθμητικά μεγέθη που παράγει η κοστολογική οργάνωση των ξενοδοχειακών επιχειρήσεων. Εξάλλου, ο σωστός προγραμματισμός και η άσκηση της οικονομικής πολιτικής από το Κράτος απαιτεί επίσης σωστή και αντικειμενική πληροφόρηση, που στηρίζεται τα μέγιστα στα μεγέθη του κόστους. Η Κοστολόγηση είναι, δηλαδή, η διαδικασία που αριθμοποιεί τη ζωή των οικονομικών μονάδων, συγκεντρώνει, αναλύει, επεξεργάζεται, συσχετίζει τα αριθμητικά μεγέθη τα οποία συνοψίζει και παρουσιάζει καταλλήλως ώστε να είναι αξιοποιήσιμα από τους λήπτες των επιχειρηματικών αποφάσεων. Για να είναι όμως τα μεγέθη του κόστους αξιοποιήσιμα θα πρέπει, εκτός των άλλων, να τυγχάνουν μιας τέτοιας επεξεργασίας, κατάταξης και συσχετισμών ώστε να διασφαλίζεται η μέσω αυτών και δι’ αυτών κατάρτιση ορθών οικονομικών εκθέσεων και γενικά η άσκηση ελέγχου για την ορθότητα κάθε επιχειρηματικής απόφασης. Η σημαντικότητα του εργαλείου της κοστολόγησης για την παροχή αξιόπιστων πληροφοριών στη διοίκηση της ξενοδοχειακής επιχείρησης, για τη λήψη αποφάσεων αποτέλεσε έναυσμα για τη διενέργεια της παρούσας μελέτης η οποία αναφέρεται σε ένα από τα πλέον σύγχρονα πεδία έρευνας και ανάπτυξης της Λογιστικής Επιστήμης που συνδέεται με τη χρησιμοποίηση επιστημονικών μεθόδων, αρχών και κανόνων, στη Διοίκηση των επιχειρήσεων και ιδιαίτερα των ξενοδοχειακών. Όπως είναι γνωστό, η διοίκηση των επιχειρήσεων, πραγματοποιείται μέσω των λαμβανόμενων καθημερινά επιχειρηματικών αποφάσεων από τους υπεύθυνους φορείς εξουσίας – αρμοδιότητας και ευθύνης – που βρίσκονται σε όλα τα επίπεδα της Διοικητικής πυραμίδας. Αναλυτικότερα, οι επιμέρους στόχοι της παρούσας μελέτης είναι οι ακόλουθοι: Μέσα από την ανάλυση και την εμπειρική έρευνα των ξενοδοχείων να προκύψει μια πολιτική λογιστικής και κοστολογικής οργάνωσης αυτών, επισήμανση της σημασίας και του μεγέθους της τουριστικής ανάπτυξης της Ελλάδας, αναφορά στον εγχώριο και διεθνή ανταγωνισμό, παρουσίαση της κοστολογικής οργάνωσης των ξενοδοχείων και ανάλυση των κοστολογικών συστημάτων που χρησιμοποιούνται από αυτά, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις ιδιαιτερότητες του κλάδου των ξενοδοχειακών επιχειρήσεων που έχουν αντίκτυπο στην κοστολόγηση (τιμολόγηση, εποχικότητα, κόστος αδράνειας- υπολειτουργίας, value added, non value added δαπάνες, κ.λπ.). Η παρούσα διπλωματική μελέτη αποτελείται από οκτώ (8) κεφάλαια στα οποία πραγματεύονται τα ακόλουθα : Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 αναλύεται η δομή του ξενοδοχειακού συστήματος, στο Κεφάλαιο 2 αναλύεται η δομή του Τουριστικού συστήματος, στο Κεφάλαιο 3 αξιολογείται και παρουσιάζεται η οργάνωση του κόστους ως μεταβλητής που στηρίζει απαραιτήτως κάθε επιχειρηματική απόφαση, στο Κεφάλαιο 4 παρουσιάζεται η κοστολογική οργάνωση των ξενοδοχειακών επιχειρήσεων, στο Κεφάλαιο 5 αναλύεται ένα από τα σημαντικότερα είδη Κοστολόγησης, η Κοστολόγηση ανά δραστηριότητα, στο Κεφάλαιο 6 παρουσιάζονται στατιστικά στοιχεία για την χρηματοοικονομική ανάλυση του κλάδου των ξενοδοχειακών μονάδων, στο Κεφάλαιο 7 παρουσιάζεται η κοστολογική ανάλυση του κλάδου και στο Κεφάλαιο 8 παρουσιάζονται τα βασικά συμπεράσματα της μελέτης καθώς και προτάσεις βελτίωσης της εφαρμογής της κοστολόγησης στην εποχή μας. / Undeniably, the last decades have taken place important changes in the operational environment in world scale, that have alter radically his structure. Examples of such changes constitute the import of flexible systems of production, the intensifying and the automation of productive processes, the increase of general expenses so much as sum what as percentage on the total cost of products, the reduction of cost of direct work (mainly in the industry) as percentage of cost of production, the increase of variety of products that is produced in small quantities and with different specifications, the increase of rhythm of import of new products in the market which have small circle of life, the adoption of orientation to the customers, etc. The above changes in combination with the increase of intensity of competition and subsequent reduction of margins of profit, have reduced in source of competitive advantage the effective follow-up and, mainly, their administration of cost of hotel enterprises. For the decision-making equitable enterprising is required equitable information, which, to a great degree, is supported in the numerical sizes that produces the cost estimating organization of hotel enterprises. Moreover, the correct planning and the exercise of economic policy from the State require also correct and objective information that supports biggest in sizes of cost. The cost accounting is, that is to say, the process that puts in a line the life of economic units, assembles, analyzes, processes, connects the numerical sizes which it summarizes and presents suitably so that they are exploitable from the recipients of enterprising decisions. In order to be the sizes of cost exploitable it will be supposed, except the other, that they enjoy a such treatment, classification and correlations so that is ensured via these and of these training of equitable economic reports and in general the exercise of control on the correctness of each enterprising decision. The importance of tool of cost accounting for the benefit of reliable information in the administration of hotel enterprise, for the decision-making constituted spark for the realization of present study which is reported in one of the most modern fields of research and growth of Accountant Science that is connected with the utilization of scientific methods, values and rules, in the Administration of enterprises and particularly of hotels. As it is known, the administration of enterprises, it is realized via the received daily enterprising decisions by the responsible institutions of power- competence and responsibility - that they are found in all levels of Administrative pyramid. More analytically, the individual objectives of present study are the followings: Through the analysis and the empiric research of hotels result a policy accountant and cost estimating organization of these, pointing out of importance and size of tourist growth of Greece, report in the domestic and international competition, presentation of cost estimating organization of hotels and analysis of cost estimating systems that is used by them, taking into consideration his particularities of branch of hotel enterprises that have impact in the cost accounting (pricing, cost of inactivity, value added, non value added expenses, etc.). The present diplomatic study is constituted from eight (8) capitals in which deal with following: In Capital 1 it is analyzed the structure of hotel system, in Capital 2 it is analyzed the structure of Tourist system, in Capital 3 it is evaluated and presents itself the organization of cost as variable that supports essentially each enterprising decision, in Capital 4 it is presented the cost estimating organization of hotel enterprises, in Capital 5 it is analyzed one of the most important types of Cost accounting, the Cost accounting per activity, in Capital 6 they are presented statistical elements for the financing analysis of branch of hotel units, in Capital 7 it is presented the cost estimating analysis of branch and in Capital 8 they are presented the basic conclusions of study as well as proposals of improvement of application of cost accounting in our period of time.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-27T12:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5570317 bytes, checksum: 4e81b5c3c090e85d86445e19694d1bc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-27T12:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5570317 bytes, checksum: 4e81b5c3c090e85d86445e19694d1bc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aims at confirming the possibility of quantitative and impersonal accessibility of the buildings for persons with disabilities. The importance of this issue can be highlighted mainly by the global movement for social inclusion of the disabled and the growing elderly population, who are prone to physical disabilities. After proceeding literature review, we analyzed various methods of evaluating accessibility at use in Brazil and other countries, in order to learn about their methodologies and results. We have come to the conclusion that the approach was largely qualitative and grounded in the moral judgment of the evaluators, not allowing the comparison between the compliance of the physical means of accessibility and technical standards or between the buildings analyzed. After this conclusion, we examined the pros and cons of the methods under analysis, proposing a new method, based on the Brazilian technical norms of accessibility and a quantitative structure. The method herein proposed was applied to measure the accessibility of the hotels on the coastline of the city of João Pessoa, who host a considerable number of aged guests. The choice of hotels as a target for evaluation is linked to the emblematic character they have in terms of life quality and cultural development of the elderly and disabled guests in general. The result found shows that, through a numerical indicator, it is possible to evaluate quantitatively and impersonally the degree of accessibility of buildings, allowing comparison and indication of improvement measures. / O presente trabalho buscou comprovar a possibilidade de avaliar, quantitativa e impessoalmente, a acessibilidade ao ambiente construído por parte de pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais. A importância do tema pode ser ressaltada, principalmente, pelo movimento mundial para a inclusão social do deficiente e pelo crescimento relativo da população de idosos, que se constitui em faixa etária predisposta a deficiências físicas. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, foram analisados vários métodos de avaliação da acessibilidade utilizados no Brasil e em outros países, com o intuito de conhecer suas metodologias e os resultados. Constatou-se que a abordagem, predominantemente qualitativa e calcada no juízo de valor dos avaliadores, não possibilita a comparação da conformidade dos meios físicos de acessibilidade com as normas técnicas ou entre as edificações avaliadas. A partir dessa constatação, foram considerados os aspectos positivos e negativos dos métodos analisados e se propôs um novo método, calcado na normativa técnica de acessibilidade brasileira e numa estrutura quantitativa. O método proposto para mensurar a acessibilidade foi aplicado em hotéis da orla marítima da cidade de João Pessoa, que apresentam uma frequência importante de pessoas idosas. A escolha de hotéis como alvo da avaliação se deve ao seu caráter emblemático, em termos de qualidade de vida e de desenvolvimento cultural dos idosos e dos deficientes em geral. O resultado encontrado demonstrou que, através de um indicador numérico, é possível avaliar, quantitativa e impessoalmente, o grau de acessibilidade das edificações, permitindo a comparação e a indicação das medidas de melhoria.

A massificação do turismo provocou impactos negativos ao ambiente natural, forçando as empresas integrantes do setor turístico, especialmente a hotelaria, a introduzir práticas de proteção ambiental aos seus procedimentos de gestão. A Contabilidade Ambiental, enquanto instrumento de avaliação e auxílio à gestão ambiental, pode evidenciar e divulgar as medidas adotadas e os resultados alcançados nessas práticas. Partindo desta premissa, e tendo como fundamentação teórica a perspectiva de entender o denominado desenvolvimento sustentável, foi utilizado o questionário proposto no Programa Green Deal adotado pela Guatemala, com o objetivo de evidenciar as práticas de gestão ambiental aplicadas em cinco hotéis de Caxias do Sul. Uma vez medida a atuação ambiental dos hotéis escolhidos, que configuram aqueles com capacidade superior a cem unidades habitacionais, com a ajuda dos indicadores propostos pelo citado programa, as informações foram transformadas em um sistema de dados uniformes. Com base na teoria da Contabilidade Ambiental, foi elaborado um modelo de Balanço Gerencial de Práticas Ambientais (BGPA), do ponto de vista qualitativo, no qual são evidenciados os ativos e passivos ambientais identificados na investigação empírica. O modelo demonstra os resultados do desempenho ambiental dos hotéis pesquisados em Caxias do Sul. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-05T18:02:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Monica Pereira Genta.pdf: 653622 bytes, checksum: b0832fbfcfeede8ba36fbff1adeed56f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-05T18:02:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Monica Pereira Genta.pdf: 653622 bytes, checksum: b0832fbfcfeede8ba36fbff1adeed56f (MD5) / Massive tourism has caused negative impacts to the natural environment, forcing tourism related companies, specially hotels, to introduce actions for environmental protection into its management procedures. Environmental Accounting, as an instrument for evaluation and assistance to environmental management, can demonstrate and make public the adopted measures and the results reached with these practices. According to this aspect, based on the expectation of understanding sustainable development, a questionnaire from the Green Deal Program, used in Guatemala, has been applied, intending to demonstrate the environmental managerial practices used in five hotels in Caxias do Sul/Brazil.After measuring the environmental action in the selected hotels, that is, those with at least one hundred rooms, with the assistance of the indicators used by the mentioned program, the information has been transformed in an uniform data system. Based on the Environmental Accounting theory, a model of Management Related Balance of Environmental Practices (MBEP) has been prepared, from a qualitative point of view, where environmental debit and credit are brought up in the empirical investigation. The model demonstrates the results of the environmental performance researched on the selected hotels in Caxias do Sul/Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_lg_dr_rcla.pdf: 1302147 bytes, checksum: 95d7efdec7d06b8f2163d7803442d5ea (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Em meio às transformações contemporâneas, as cidades necessitam adequar sua dinâmica social, econômica e espacial para se adaptarem ao mundo globalizado. Percebe-se, então, uma grande especialização dos espaços e, no caso da metrópole, sua funcionalidade manifesta cada vez mais sua articulação com as economias regionais e nacionais, tornando-se lugar estratégico no contexto da globalização. Provedora de serviços especializados para suprir as necessidades de seu entorno, a metrópole também necessita possuir serviços de hospedagem para acolher os fluxos gerados pelos negócios que ali acontecem. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar as implicações do turismo de negócios e eventos no município de Campinas, a partir de sua configuração como sede de uma região metropolitana, por meio de um estudo de seu setor hoteleiro. Analisando as características deste setor, a partir de sua multifuncionalização, esta pesquisa reflete sobre como vem se constituindo tal atividade econômica na cidade. A metodologia para sua elaboração teve como base o método dialético, fundamentando-se na teoria estruturalista preconizada por Santos (1997), que elege quatro categorias de análise do espaço – forma, função, estrutura e processo. Com base na pesquisa realizada, concluiu-se que o turismo em Campinas é, predominantemente, relacionado a negócios e eventos, apresentando boas condições de atendimento, além de que, os recentes fatos ocorridos no cenário econômico de Campinas desenham um quadro promissor à consolidação desta cidade como um destino de turismo de negócios e eventos. / Amid the contemporary transformations, cities need to adjust its dynamic social, economic and space to adapt to the globalized world. It is perceived, then, a great expertise in the spaces and in the case of the metropolis, its functionality increasingly obvious with its national and regional economies, becoming a strategic role in the context of globalization. Provider of specialized services to meet the needs of its surroundings, the city also needs to have hosting services to accommodate the flow generated by businesses that happen there. This research aims to examine the general implications of the tourism business in the city of Campinas, from its setting as the seat of a metropolitan region, through a study of its hotels. Analyzing the characteristics of this sector, from its multifunction, reflects on how this research has been providing such economic activity in the city. The methodology for its preparation was based on the dialectical method, based on the structuralist theory advocated by Santos (1997), which elects four categories of analysis of space - form, function, structure and process. Based on research conducted, it was concluded that tourism in Campinas is predominantly related to business and events, giving good service, in addition to that, recent events in the economic scenario of Campinas promising to consolidation of this city as a destination for tourism business.