The potential for prefabrication has been sidelined by the process of the design>build>do-it-yourself model of building, maintaining and updating houses in New Zealand. Working from an industrial design perspective this research charts the possibility of a shift in home construction from site building towards factory-manufacture. Mindful of New Zealand’s creative, do-it-yourself heritage and personal rituals of homemaking, this study explores domestic ritual and the iterative nature of amateur home alterations. Just as we have the right to alter our own body’s surfaces so too should the homeowner have the ability to alter the surfaces and services they own and with which they interact. Flanked by the design-to-manufacture model promoted by industrial design and the emphasis on inhabiting and rearranging the home from spatial design a hybrid notion of housing design and production is put forward. Suggesting a product that deals affordably with the home’s surfaces and services, within the customs of daily and seasonal acts of maintenance in the home, offers an area of prefabrication that seems attainable for New Zealand interior.

Syfte: Den svenska befolkningen urbaniserar, invånare flyttar från landsbygden till tätbebyggda områden. Bostadsutformningen blir en viktig del för att vara yt-effektiv utan att försämra levnadsstandarden för de boende. De styrande regelverken utvecklas ständigt för att möta samhällets och teknikens utveckling. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka hur ökad höjd i en mindre lägenhet kan påverka livsmiljökvalitet. De styrande frågeställningarna som ska leda fram till målet är: (1) Vilka faktorer påverkar livsmiljökvalitet när det gäller mindre bostäder? (2) Hur förändras rummet om man strävar efter minsta möjliga golvyta till förmån för vertikal rumsutformning? (3) Till vilken grad kan man tillfredsställa kraven/föreskrifterna i BBR och SIS med koppling till vertikal rumsutformning? Metod: För att erfara kunskap användes litteratursökning inom förtätning, livsmiljökvalitet, de fysiskt påverkande faktorerna och bostadspreferenser. Dokumentanalys gjordes på referenslägenhetens planlösning och regelverken. En observation av referenslägenheten gjordes och experiment där olika parametrar som takhöjd, golvavtryck, förvaring och fast inredning förändrades. Resultat: De avgörande parametrar som påverkar livsmiljökvalitet när det kommer till bostäder är; möjlighet för arbete, matplats, förvaring, öppenhet och luftighet, genomblick och axialitet, möblerbarhet, originalitet, trivsamhet, funktionalitet och generalitet. Vid begränsad yta går det att kompensera upp detta med en annan parameter från listan på livsmiljökvalitet. Minskas de mätbara och funktionella värdena kan går det att väga upp med de omätbara och estetiska värdena. Tillgänglighetskraven försvårar sammanfallandet av bostadsfunktioner och kräver generellt en större yta. Konsekvenser: Genom att utforma bostäder med högre takhöjd och minskad golvyta men bibehålla livskvalitén går det att koncentrera bostäderna i framtidens förtätning. Genom att tillåta integrering av bostadsfunktioner på höjden blir det möjligt att bygga lägenheter med mindre golvyta innehållandes samtliga basfunktioner för en bostad. Begränsningar: Denna rapport behandlar mindre bostäder om högst 35m2 för en person Vid benämning av rumsupplevelse så menas den rumsliga upplevelsen av lägenheten, vilket huvudsakligen är rumsgeometrin och den fasta inredningen. De regelverk som beaktas är BBR och SIS. Konstruktion och kostnad beaktas inte. Resultat: Genom att utforma bostäder med högre takhöjd och minskad golvyta men bibehålla livskvalitén går det att koncentrera bostäderna i framtidens förtätning. Genom att tillåta integrering av bostadsfunktioner på höjden blir det möjligt att bygga lägenheter med mindre golvyta innehållandes samtliga basfunktioner för en bostad. De avgörande parametrar som påverkar livsmiljökvalitet när det kommer till bostäder är; möjlighet för arbete, matplats, förvaring, öppenhet och luftighet, genomblick och axialitet, möblerbarhet, originalitet, trivsamhet, funktionellt vs. generellt. Vid begränsad yta går det att kompensera upp detta med en annan parameter från ovanstående lista. Minskas de mätbara och funktionella värdena går det att väga upp med de omätbara och estetiska värdena. Tillgänglighetskraven försvårar sammanfallandet av bostadsfunktioner och kräver generellt en större yta. / Purpose: The Swedish population is urbanizing, residents move from the countryside to densely populated areas. Housing design becomes an important part of being surface efficient without impairing living standards for residents. The governing rules limit how to build. As they are constantly evolving to meet the development of society and technology, more reliefs of housing design requirements have been made. This thesis aims to investigate how increased height in a smaller apartment can affect habitat quality. The governing questions are: (1) what factors affect residential quality in terms of smaller housing? (2) How does the room change if one strives for the minimum floor space in favor of vertical room design? (3) To what extent can you satisfy the requirements / regulations of BBR and SIS in relation to vertical room design?  Method: In order to gain knowledge of the subject, literature search was used in densification, habitat quality, the physically influencing factors and housing preferences. Document analysis was made on a reference apartment plan solution and the governing rules. An observation of the reference apartment was performed as well as experiments in which different parameters such as room height, floor imprint, storage and fixed furnishing were changed. Findings: The crucial parameters that affect habitat quality when it comes to housing are; opportunity for work, dining space, storage, openness and airiness, transparency and axiality, the possibility to furnish, originality, comfort, functionality and generality. A limited floor space can be compensated by another parameter from the list of habitat quality parameters. If the measurable and functional values are reduced, it is possible to compensate with the immeasurable and aesthetic values. Accessibility requirements aggravate the convergence of housing functions and generally require a larger floor area. All SIS requirements can be met, even when combining housing functions. Implications: By designing apartments with increased height and reduced floor space but at the same time maintaining the habitant quality, it is possible to concentrate housing in the future densification of cities. By allowing the integration of residential functions at the height, it is possible to build apartments with less floor space containing all basic functions for a home. Limitations: This work aims to investigate smaller apartments up to 35m2 for one person. When mentioning the term “residential quality” it refers to the spatial perception of the apartment, which is mainly the geometry of the room and the permanent furnishing. The regulations considered are BBR and SIS. Construction and cost are not considered.

M.Tech. (Architectural Technology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The Abstract is not available / Dissertation (MSc (Applied Science))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Town and Regional Planning / unrestricted

According to the State of the Nation’s Housing (Harvard, 2005) more than one in five homebuyers is a single woman and twice as many unmarried women as unmarried men are buying homes. Notably unmarried women make up more than one-third of the growth in real estate ownership since 1994. The purpose of this study was to examine this cultural phenomenon. Utilizing an interpretative qualitative paradigm, in-depth interviews, social identity and reason action theories, this research explored the social, psychological, and symbolic meanings single, never-married, women in their 30s and 40s attributed to home buying as well as the design and purchasing behaviors they displayed. In an effort to create and refine the questionnaire for this research, a five participant pilot study was conducted in southwestern Virginia. The main body of this work consisted of 12 in-depth interviews and included six participants from southwestern Virginia, five participants from northern Virginia and one from western Pennsylvania. The average age of the participants was 39.5 years, with a range of 29 – 48 years. In total, 21 themes emerged in this study: 18 were strongly supported and mentioned by at least 50%, or six of the twelve, dissertation participants, while three received moderate support and were discussed by at least 25%, or three of the twelve, respondents. The themes were further divided into the following categories: behavioral themes which answer the question of the how women approach the buying process; behavioral themes which answer the question of what women buy, psychological themes which answer the question of why single women buy; social themes which promote a sense of security or stability; and social themes which promote a sense of isolation. The findings of this study can be used to enhance the residential construction industry and to assist housing professionals who routinely interact with female homebuyers. In addition, these findings suggest the continued need for home-buyer education and further research. / Ph. D.

Today there is a wish from building entrepreneurs to be able to have other activities than traditional commercial areas on the street level in the residential housing while keeping the open store front windows facade. Another challenge today in development of cities are partially to maintain a socially sustainable city. A mix of housing,commercial, entertainment, and services make the area become more attractive to both men and women, entrepreneurship and civil society. By mixing the use there is a possibility to reduce segregation and strengthen a city’s capacity to build unity; social development. Live-work units can meet both these demands. The purpose of this master thesis is to illustrate how so called live-work units could be organized in a block in an urban environment. Live-work units are a new phenomenon in Sweden and, therefore, this study partially focuses on describing this type of living and its special requirements. A methodology is proposed for identifying if a location is suitable for live-work units and for what type of units; furthermore, parameters and regulations affecting the usage of live-work units are described and a method for design is proposed.

Orientador: Ariovaldo Denis Granja / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T20:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yokota_AlessandraAkemi_M.pdf: 5943613 bytes, checksum: 29b2af76a45e062a4fc32ae5d1fe42c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Na abordagem do Custeio-Meta (CM), o custo é um parâmetro de entrada que norteia o processo de projeto, salvaguardando-se os requisitos de qualidade e o desempenho de suas funções na percepção do cliente ou usuário final para o alcance de um produto competitivo e inovador. A pesquisa tem como objetivo aplicar o CM no processo de projeto de uma unidade de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) em tecnologia Wood Frame, levando em consideração o contexto do Programa Governamental "Minha Casa, Minha Vida". Fundamentada no método da Design Science ou Pesquisa Construtiva, a pesquisa visa aplicar o CM neste processo, para posteriormente identificar as possíveis contribuições teóricas a partir dos resultados obtidos. A pesquisa utiliza técnicas e ferramentas características do CM para a estimativa de custo e tomada de decisão com foco no valor a partir da percepção do usuário final. Também busca identificar as dificuldades e oportunidades para a aplicação do CM neste contexto. Os dados utilizados como parâmetro de custo da Unidade Habitacional foram cedidos por uma empresa especializada na tecnologia Wood Frame. O processo de projeto foi desenvolvido por um grupo de pesquisadores, envolvendo docentes e discentes de diversas especialidades nas áreas da Arquitetura e Engenharia Civil. Como principal resultado, ao final da pesquisa, será gerado como artefato uma instância atual da aplicação do CM para o contexto proposto, visando à melhoria no atendimento das necessidades e requisitos para HIS do ponto de vista do usuário final, não se perdendo de vista os necessários controles de custo do produto. A orientação prescritiva desta pesquisa oferecerá novidade em relação aos trabalhos já disponíveis, à medida que apresentará resultados provenientes da aplicação prática do CM no contexto analisado e novas contribuições teóricas decorrentes da análise deste processo / Abstract: In the Target Costing (TC) approach, cost is regarded as an initial input to guide the Design Process considering cost, quality requirements and product performance from the end-users and client¿s perspective in order to improve the product through competitiveness and innovation. The main purpose of this study is to apply Target Costing during the design process for low-incoming houses in Brazil by using Wood Frame system. In the Brazilian context, the current low-incoming houses are supported by the Governmental Program called "My House, My Life" (MHML). In this research, the MHML Program will be discussed to deliver Wood Frame houses under the TC approach. Based on the Design Research Approach or Constructive Research, the study seeks to apply the TC to further identify theoretical contributions from the results obtained from its application. Supporting techniques and tools from Value Methodology were properly used to deliver the TC application assisting the cost estimation and decision making. It also aims to identify the difficulties and opportunities for the TC application in this context. The cost data was provided by a Brazilian company specialized in Wood Frame to estimate the initial cost of the product. The design process was developed by a research team including architects, civil engineers, contractors and suppliers. As outcome, the proposed application presents an instantiation for the TC application. Furthermore, the results indicates some directions for possible improvements from the end-users¿ wants and needs in order to fulfil such requirements due to cost controlling. The prescriptive study offers novelty for the TC studies in the construction sector and identifies some gaps related to the Target Costing in Social Housing with the aim to accomplish future studies / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestra em Engenharia Civil

abstract: This thesis intends to help inform American Indian nations’ decision making related to housing. The study recognizes the urgent need for housing solutions that fit the needs of a community as well as benefit the overall ecosystem. One model that can offer guidance is the Circular Economy (CE) model. A well-thought-out CE process can provide housing solutions that are economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. It also stimulates the local economy by strategically introducing positive changes. This research identifies the construction potential of available circular materials as compared to more contemporary building materials. It then recommends a closed-loop circular model that utilizes the community’s existing infrastructure to develop affordable housing. The proposed CE model operates within the built environment, stimulating local employment while catering to the needs of the residents. Such an approach can prove to be beneficial for the local community and perhaps scalable to the global economy. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Construction Management 2020

I detta arbete undersöktes kunskapen om bostadens omätbara värden och dess inverkan på husköpare och distansstudenter som läste kursen Bostadens utformning 1BY076 på Linnéuniversitet i Växjö. Bostadens omätbara värden är ett samlingsnamn för värden som beskriver arkitektoniska kvaliteter som kan återfinnas i bostäder. Denna rapport behandlade fyra av bostadens omätbara värden. Det finns en utbredd okunskap om värdena bland husköpare men genom att tillgodose dem med kunskap om bostadens omätbara värden möjliggörs det att de kan göra fler aktiva och välgrundade val och därmed känna större hemhörighet och trivsel i sina bostäder. Intervjuer utfördes med två respondentgrupper, bestående av husköpare och distansstudenter, som bads välja bland olika planlösningar. Därefter fick husköparna information om bostadens omätbara värden, vilket distansstudenterna inte fick, och fick återigen möjligheten att välja planlösning. Denna metod valdes för att undersöka om respondenternas val och synsätt på planlösningarna förändrades. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka om det fanns skillnad mellan husköparnas och distansstudenternas resonemang kring värdena och dess relevans vid utformning av bostäder. Resultatet visade att det totalt skedde fyra byten av planlösningar hos husköparna och endast ett byte bland distansstudenterna. Alla respondenter var eniga om att bostadens omätbara värden har betydlig relevans vid utformning av bostäder.

Introduction (and purpose) – Open Building is a concept which gives full flexibility and creative freedom for the consumer to design their dwelling according to own preferences (Kendall & Teicher, 2000). The multi-family house and its apartments are constructed according to Swedish building code, however, construction of inner walls and finishes remains for the consumer to decide. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the concept of Open Building and its initial establishment in Sweden as an alternative approach in designing multi-family housing. It is a case study on the housing development company Raw Property and their first multi-family house Raw Rosendal in Uppsala, consisting of 50 apartments. The study examines what positive factors that advocate the implementation of the concept, which opportunities for improvement that can be detected, and how the application of the concept has been perceived in Sweden. Method – A qualitative approach has been conducted as method. The research questions have been answered through semi structured interviews with key persons who have been part of the project, as well as literature studies. The key persons consisted of CEO, CMO, Architect, Supervisor and Real Estate Agent. Results – The case study resulted in answers to the interview questions with the selected key persons. The interview questions were constructed with basis in the research questions and aim of the study. The interview answers thereby resulted in answering the research questions. Analysis – The positive factors that could be detected from the interviews are the advantages connected to the possibility for the consumer to affect the dwelling. Flexibility and ecological sustainability were further aspects which advocates for continuous use of the concept. Knowledge have been gained that will be used for improvements to future projects. Opportunities for improvements are mainly connected to the difficulties of the project being the first implementation in Sweden. Further developments of the concept were raised for discussion during the interviews, where one proposal was to design the loadbearing system in wood instead of concrete. The adaptation of the concept in Sweden have mainly been received as positive since it is a further development in housing design of multi-family housing. Discussion – From the method chosen and with the limitations decided, the study gives a clear result that answers the research questions. The result has strong connections to the scientific articles written about in the theoretical framework. / Introduktion (och syfte) – “Open Buildings” är ett koncept som ger full flexibilitet och kreativ frihet till köparen att själv utforma sin lägenhet efter egna preferenser (Kendall & Teicher, 2000). Huset och lägenheterna byggs upp enligt vad Boverkets byggregler kräver, men innerväggar och ytskikt lämnas upp till köparen att bestämma. Syftet med studien är att utreda konceptet “Open Buildings” och dess etablering i Sverige som ett alternativt tillvägagångssätt att utforma flerbostadshus. Studien är en fallstudie på fastighetsutvecklingsföretaget Raw Propertys första flerbostadshus Raw Rosendal i Uppsala, bestående av 50 lägenheter. Det studien undersöker är vilka positiva faktorer som förespråkar tillämpningen av konceptet, vilka förbättringsmöjligheter som finns, samt hur tillämpningen av konceptet har upplevts i Sverige. Metod – Som metod har ett kvalitativt angreppssätt använts. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelpersoner som deltagit i projektet samt litteraturstudier besvarades frågeställningarna. Nyckelpersonerna bestod av företagets VD, företagets försäljnings- och marknadschef, arkitekt, arbetsledare och mäklare. Resultat – Fallstudien resulterade i svar på frågor genom intervjuer med de utvalda nyckelpersonerna. Frågorna under intervjuerna utformades med koppling till studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Intervjusvaren blev därmed ett resultat som svarar på studiens frågeställningar. Analys – De positiva faktorer som utifrån intervjuerna går att urskilja är konceptets fördelar med att kunden själv får möjligheten att påverka bostaden. Aspekter som flexibilitet och ekologisk hållbarhet förespråkar även konceptet. Det framkom flera lärdomar som till nästa projekt går att förbättra. De förbättringsmöjligheter som lyfts under intervjuerna har främst koppling till svårigheter som stötts på i och med att detta är det första projektet i Sverige där konceptet tillämpats. Vidareutveckling av konceptets användning lyftes under intervjuerna och ett förslag att i framtiden utforma byggnaden i trä istället för betong nämndes. Konceptets tillämpning i Sverige har till största del upplevts positiv, mycket eftersom det är en fortsatt utveckling i utformning av flerbostadshus. Diskussion – Den valda metoden med dess avgränsningar ger ett tydligt resultat som följer studiens syfte samt besvarar samtliga frågeställningar. Resultatet har starka kopplingar till de källor som lyfts under det teoretiska ramverket.