Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis aims to examine which views of the human being that are manifested in the Swedish and Dutch legislation on prostitution. The theoretical framework consists of the humanist, the christian and the naturalistic views of the human being in combination with the concepts of autonomy and human dignity. The question is which views of the human being are manifested in the Swedish and Dutch legislation on prostitution? According to this thesis all three views of the human being can be traced in the legislations. The humanist view of the human being is most clearly manifested, in both the Swedish and Dutch legislation on prostitution, however their views are from different angles. Whereas the view of the Swedish legislation is that the autonomy and human dignity of the seller is violated in prostitution, the Dutch legislation on the other hand sees autonomy as the seller’s right to choose prostitution. In Dutch legislation both seller and buyer are seen as autonomous beings with ability to reason, and prostitution is seen as a trade transaction. In Swedish legislation the seller is seen as vulnerable and exposed and the buyer is seen as a criminal, and both seller and buyer are in need of change and help, in different ways.

O constante refletir sobre si mesma é uma das mais importantes características da ciência, é desse modo que ela avança e procura compreender novas realidades e tecer novas maneiras de ver o mundo. Nesse contexto, a geografia não poderia se furtar à permanente autoreflexão. Uma das maneiras de percorrer os caminhos que a geografia tem trilhado é buscar conhecer a obra de grandes geógrafos, em especial, daqueles que efetivamente marcam grandes inovações e abrem novos horizontes para a nossa ciência. Esta tese, então, é fruto de uma profunda exploração na geografia de Yi-Fu Tuan, um dos fundadores da geografia humanista. Suas reflexões enriqueceram e, sobretudo, propuseram à geografia a abertura de novas abordagens e temas de análise: às suas mais conhecidas concepções sobre espaço e lugar, somam-se debates sobre os valores, a moral, o escapismo, a bondade, a criação de pets, o cosmopolitismo e ainda a comunidade e o indivíduo. Para um profundo entendimento da obra de Tuan pensamos ser importante, primeiramente, decompor seus elementos constituintes. Assim, trouxemos à luz suas principais influências e matrizes de pensamento, por meio de um extenso levantamento dos autores que cita e as discussões que fomenta entre a fenomenologia-existencialista, o estruturalismo, o humanismo e a própria geografia. A riqueza de seu pensamento é fruto da aguda erudição e de seu livre-pensar. Por isso, procuramos compreender como Tuan trata as essências principais, por meio dos debates e significações acerca do espaço, lugar, paisagem, meio ambiente, tempo, entre outras. Verificamos, ao realizar a leitura da obra que, além das essências, Tuan também tem temas privilegiados que persistem ao longo de seus quase cinquenta e cinco anos de geografia, como percepção, atitudes, comportamento, arte e cultura entre outros. A maneira como o autor os aborda também foi objeto de exposição nesta tese. Ao mesmo tempo, identificamos outros temas-chave, mas que não persistem por toda a sua carreira, eles são ora frutos do jovem Tuan como é o caso do estudo dos aspectos físicos em geografia ora reflexos de uma mente mais amadurecida em um mundo que se globaliza, como por exemplo, na abordagem do progresso ou do placelessness. Então, para que pudéssemos ter a compreensão do percurso da obra e suas temáticas, recompusemos o todo por meio de argumentações acerca de cada um de seus livros, considerados aqui como sínteses ainda que incompletas de seus argumentos. Tuan é sobretudo um humanista, que acredita na educação libertária da mente humana e que compõe toda uma geografia em busca da essência humana. Conhecer, portanto, a geografia, é conhecer a nós mesmos. Desta forma, finalmente, voltamos ao impulso inicial desta tese: compreender que é geografia para um de seus pensadores contemporâneos mais influentes e as contribuições que esta geografia tem para dar ao mundo. / The constant reflection on itself is one of most important characteristic of science, this is the way to develop and search the understanding of new realities and weave the ways of improving the world views. Giving that, geography could not avoid permanent self reflexiveness. One of the ways to pursue the paths in which Geography has been walking is to know great geographers works, especially those who had deeply contributed with highly innovative and broadening new horizons into the geographical science. This thesis, then, is the product of a thorough exploration into Yi-Fu Tuans geography, one of the humanist geography founders. His reflections have enriched and, furthermore, proposed to open geography to new approaches and themes: to his mostly known conceptions about space and place, we add discussions on values, moral, escapism, human goodness, dominance of pets, cosmopolitanism, community and self. To get a deep insight into Tuans work it was necessary to decompose its elements. Therefore, his main influences and matrices of thought were brought to light through an extensive survey into his work, research on the authors whom he quotes over, regarding the discussions he foments amongst Phenomenologyexistentialism, Structuralism, Humanism and Geography itself. The richness of his thoughts is a result of acute erudition and his free-thinking. Therefore, this thesis seeks to comprehend how Tuan copes with the main essences through debates and meanings of space, place, landscape, environment, time, and so on. Through the reading of his work that we verified that, besides to essences, Tuan also has other privileged themes, he has kept debating during his almost fifty five years of geographical study, such as perception, attitudes, behavior, arts and culture, amongst others. The way the author approaches the themes was also explored throughout this thesis. Meanwhile, other key subjects were identified in his work, which, however, are not persistent during his whole career. Among them some are products of the young Tuan as it is the case of the studies on the physical aspects in geography others are reflections of a globalized world over a mature mind, as an example, the approach of progress or placelessness. To achieve the lengthiness of his work and its themes, we chose to review each book, considering that they are syntheses although incomplete of his arguments. Above all, Tuan is a humanist, who believes in the free education of the human mind, and who makes a complete geography in the search of human essence. Knowing geography is, therefore, understanding ourselves. Thus, we finally turn back to the prior impulse of this thesis: understanding what geography is to one of its most influential thinkers and the contributions that this geography has to offer the world.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Borja Bessa.pdf: 1990902 bytes, checksum: 98c65f28e6c080f6d16f4fdb70daf7ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The theme of this thesis is about Christian Self-Help Literature. The research was motivated by the following general objectives: to understand the presuppositions of self-help genre; to identify a possible relationship between Secular Self-help Literature and Christian Self-Help Literature; to verify a role of Self-Help Literature among Protestant Christians. The study of Christian Self-help Literature was elected because it is a genre in expansion since 1980s as a relevant segment of evangelical publishing market. From American writers, such literature has linked religious and psychological discourse by using biblical verses and psychological technical terms from Transpersonal, Humanist and Positive Psychology and also it has achieved great respectability among Evangelical Christians. The hypothesis that supported its investigation is that Christian Self-Help Literature is received by Christians as a welcome initiative once it links psychological and religious discourse and it contributes to humanization of its readers as instrument which promotes emotional and spiritual health. In order to verify such hypothesis, the thesis was divided in two major blocks or parts. In the first block, social and psychological influences which have impacted Self- Help literature are analyzed. In the second block, the Christian Self-help is analyzed. As it was intended by this thesis, to verify what has provoked such Christian Self-Help Literature on its Christian readers, a research was carried with Evangelical Christians from Belo Horizonte and neibouring cities. The books with more indications in the research were analyzed in the final chapter. It could be perceived that Christian Self-Help Literature, in opposite way to Secular Self-Help Literature, which is seen as prejudicial and abusive, was considered as contributive to personal growth and spiritual development. In other words, the research has pointed out a positive role of Christian Self-Help Literature as a perception of evangelical community / Esta tese tem como tema a literatura de auto-ajuda cristã. Os objetivos gerais que motivaram a pesquisa foram: compreender os pressupostos do gênero auto-ajuda, relacionar literatura de auto-ajuda secular e literatura de auto-ajuda cristã, verificar o papel que a literatura de auto-ajuda desempenha junto aos cristãos protestantes. Buscou-se estudar a literatura de auto-ajuda cristã por ser um gênero em expansão a partir dos anos 80 e ser um segmento importante do mercado editorial evangélico. Formada de escritos de norte-americanos, essa literatura une os discursos religioso e psicológico, através do uso de versículos bíblicos e termos da Psicologia Humanista e Psicologia Positiva e alcança respeitabilidade entre os evangélicos. A hipótese que sustenta esse trabalho é que a literatura de auto-ajuda cristã apropriada pelos cristãos, ao unir os discursos psicológico e religioso, contribui para a humanização de seus leitores, tornando-se instrumento promotor de saúde emocional e espiritual. Para verificar esse hipótese, esse trabalho foi dividido em dois grandes blocos: no primeiro, observaram-se as influências social e psicológica recebidas pela literatura de auto-ajuda, e, no segundo, analisou-se a auto-ajuda cristã. No intuito de verificar as influências da literatura de auto-ajuda cristã sobre seus leitores, foram realizadas pesquisas com evangélicos de Belo Horizonte e das cidades circunvizinhas. Os livros mais mencionados por eles foram objeto de análise ao final da tese. Percebeu-se que a literatura de auto-ajuda cristã, ao contrário da literatura de auto-ajuda secular, vista como prejudicial e espoliadora, contribui tanto para o crescimento pessoal, quanto para o desenvolvimento da espiritualidade, desempenhando, portanto, um papel positivo junto à comunidade evangélica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tulio Augusto Tayano Afonso.pdf: 1618672 bytes, checksum: f386ee32d723bd3c1d2b4fd421125bab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-16 / In a time of instability and uncertainty in the national and international economic market, Capitalism Humanist, humanistic doctrine of Economic Law, shown as the best way out before the negative externalities of the market, that haunt people less wealthy. The most affected by these ailments are the workers who end up being forced to submit to certain situations due to the need of employment. These situations that often labor law and can not prevent or cure. From the verification of constitutional humanistic capitalism and its measurement in the international arena in terms of Human Rights ruled by Law of Universal Brotherhood, we will see how it applies in Labor Law operated by the Economic Law. Thus, we extend the framework of protection away from people and the abuse of economic power that seeks to profit by profit, without caring about the human cost that might occur by chance / Em uma época de instabilidade e incertezas no mercado econômico nacional e internacional, o Capitalismo Humanista, doutrina humanística de Direito Econômico, se mostra como a melhor saída ante as externalidades negativas do mercado, que assombram as pessoas menos abastadas. Os principais atingidos por essas mazelas são os trabalhadores, que acabam sendo obrigados a se submeter a certas situações por conta da necessidade do emprego. Situações essas que muitas vezes o Direito do Trabalho não consegue impedir ou remediar. A partir da verificação constitucional do capitalismo humanista e de sua aferição no cenário internacional no plano dos Direitos Humanos pautado pela Lei Universal da Fraternidade, veremos como se aplica no Direito do Trabalho operado pelo Direito Econômico. Dessa maneira, conseguimos ampliar o arcabouço de proteção e afastar das pessoas o abuso do poder econômico que visa o lucro pelo lucro, sem contudo se importar com o custo humano que porventura possa estar ocorrendo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Stucchi Bento.pdf: 765147 bytes, checksum: 001917a310b0777adf7fdd8b23c07a18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-27 / This doctorate thesis has the objective to show the criminal garantism theory and its wide range of application, such as national and international law. The search presents the theory harmony with effective constitutional principles in Democratic State countries. This study approach the garantism and its compatibility with state punitive intention; contradict the wrong idea of being one excessive protection of the criminal law offender supporting that, in reality, derives from the human dignity principle which final receiver is the human being. The humanist vector of criminal procedure is the view given to the garantism, competing to him impose state limits to reach punitive intention, without dispensing necessary preservation constitutional rights, guarantees and liberties and the human dignity principle observance. The garantism defense was chosen some aspects, which will be object of more concentration. Between then, the fact of the citizen have the freedom right The search recovers the first humanists ideas with law relation of the legal basis appearance and the theory dissemination that, actuality is recognized by many countries legislation. In Brazil, were chosen some criminal procedure stages that its applicability can be verified. At the end, are presented foreigner legislation models with garantism basis that, in many aspects, are similar to Brazilian legislation, especially as for the intention of refining continually the treatment given to the offender with humanist legislation basis / Esta tese de doutoramento tem por objetivo apresentar a Teoria do Garantismo Penal e seu vasto campo de aplicação, tanto no direito nacional quanto na legislação estrangeira. A pesquisa parte da harmonia desta teoria com os preceitos constitucionais vigentes nos países democráticos de Direito. O estudo aborda o Garantismo e a sua compatibilidade com a pretensão punitiva estatal; refuta a ideia equivocada de se tratar de uma excessiva proteção aos infratores da lei penal ao comprovar que, na realidade, deriva do princípio da dignidade humana cujo destinatário final é o ser humano. O enfoque dado ao Garantismo é o de vetor humanista ao processo penal visto que, compete a este impor os limites à atuação do Estado para alcançar a pretensão punitiva, sem prescindir da necessária preservação aos direitos, garantias e liberdades constitucionais e da observância ao princípio da dignidade humana. Para defender o posicionamento adotado acerca do Garantismo, foram escolhidos alguns aspectos sobre os quais lançamos um olhar mais apurado. Entre eles, o fato do cidadão ter direito à liberdade, um bem cuja restrição no exercício da pretensão punitiva estatal somente será permitida em situações excepcionalíssimas e quando outras medidas não forem suficientes ou adequadas ao caso concreto. Afinal, o Garantismo está fundamentado na legalidade e é nela que o processo penal encontra limites para atuar. A pesquisa retoma as primeiras ideias humanistas em relação ao Direito para fundamentar o surgimento e a difusão desta teoria que, atualmente, é reconhecida pelas legislações de vários países. No Brasil, foram escolhidas algumas etapas do processo penal por meio das quais sua aplicabilidade pode ser verificada. Ao final, são apresentados modelos de legislação estrangeira respaldadas na Teoria Garantista que, em muitos aspectos, se assemelham à legislação brasileira, especialmente quanto ao intuito de aprimorar continuamente o tratamento dedicado ao acusado com base em uma legislação humanista

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Carlos Azuma.pdf: 747306 bytes, checksum: d2a8b9e80bddd76c47bda40ca0606edc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-05 / The history of human rights shows that these rights are the result of challenges which come along with the "progress" of society. In recent history, the phenomenon of globalization of business and the adverse impacts of their activities on human rights arises. The business and human rights issue has been embodied in the UN s international agenda, including in the initiative called the United Nations Global Compact which consists basically of a commitment that business voluntarily assumes to the alignment of its activities with the implementation of ten universally accepted principles related to four areas, namely: human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption. In light of two of the Global Compact principles which focus specifically on the issue of human rights, participating business in the initiative are committed to respect them, in other words, not to violate them, as well as not to be complicit in their violation. The Humanist Capitalism, premise of the object of this thesis, is shown to be innovative in the theoretical foundation of business responsibility for the realization of human rights. In this context , the Global Compact shows to be a way for the realization of human rights by those exercising business activity. However, it does not end in itself. Imperative is its coordination with other existing UN mechanisms to build a path to business responsaibility for human rights violations resulting from its activities / A história dos direitos humanos demonstra que esses direitos são frutos de desafios que surgem com o evoluir da sociedade. Na História recente, desponta-se o fenômeno da globalização das empresas e os impactos adversos decorrentes de suas atividades sobre os direitos humanos. A incorporação da temática empresa e direitos humanos à agenda internacional da ONU encontra-se presente na iniciativa intitulada Pacto Global das Nações Unidas, que consiste, basicamente, em um compromisso que as empresas assumem voluntariamente de alinhamento de suas atividades à implementação de dez princípios universalmente aceitos relacionados a quatro áreas, a saber: direitos humanos, trabalho, meio ambiente e combate à corrupção. À luz dos dois princípios do Pacto Global que versam especificamente sobre a questão dos direitos humanos, as empresas participantes da iniciativa assumem o compromisso de respeitá-los, ou seja, não violá-los, bem como de não serem cúmplices de violação. O Capitalismo Humanista, premissa que se utiliza ao objeto da presente tese, mostra-se inovador para a fundamentação teórica da responsabilidade empresarial pela concretização dos direitos humanos. Nesse contexto, o Pacto Global revela-se um caminho para a concretização dos direitos humanos por quem exerce atividade empresarial. Todavia, não se esgota em si mesmo. Imperiosa é a sua coordenação com outros mecanismos existentes na ONU para se construir uma via para a responsabilidade das empresas pela violação de direitos humanos decorrentes de suas atividades

Face au consumérisme et à l’individualisme ambiants, à l’érosion de l’autorité éducative et à des manifestations de violence dans certains établissements scolaires, et parfois d’intolérance religieuse et ethnique, cette thèse propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des propositions en lien avec un besoin social d’éthique et la demande de clarification des valeurs pour l’école aujourd’hui. D’abord, la thèse propose une historiographie des principes moraux enseignés entre les années Ferry et Mitterrand à l’école primaire ; ensuite elle interroge les philosophes et chercheurs afin de proposer une assise théorique sur l’éducation morale et l’éthique scolaire. Enfin, à l’aide de cet arrière-plan conceptuel et d’un questionnaire national instruit par 120 enseignants, elle développe une réflexion sur les pratiques pour concrétiser dans l’école française deux défiséducatifs :-La proposition d’une éthique minimale, tissée de démocratie et de laïcité, avec l’apprentissage du respect mutuel, de la nature, des règles sociales ; l’éveil à la communication non-violente, le respect des principes moraux indispensables au vivre ensemble.-Un éveil à une spiritualité laïque exempte de tout lien avec la religion, permettant l’éveil aux valeurs humanistes et l’organisation d’activités pédagogiques développant un climat de paix et de tolérance, de non-violence et de solidarité. Redonner du sens à notre existence partagée, dans une école où les savoir-être sont aussi importants que les connaissances à acquérir. OEuvrer pour une « vie scolaire bonne » utile et agréable, où l’attention aux autres et lacoopération sont promues, où le respect de valeurs morales est accepté et appliqué par tous les acteurs de l’école / Faced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a “quality of scholastic life”, useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life

My dissertation asserts that the discourses which at the present time construct the world of work for teachers in adult TESOL, are no longer adequate to represent the field in these new and rapidly changing times. For the last forty years the discourses that have constructed the field present a totalising, gender free, liberal humanist view of TESOL, rendering women's experience invisible, no longer speaking to or for women teachers who make up more than ninety percent of the teachers in Victorian adult TESOL programs (Cope & Kalantzis 1993, Brodkey 1991, Fine 1992, Peirce 1995). I begin by exploring the work of women teachers in adult TESOL, focusing on women teaching in the fast growing de-institutionalised settings of adult TESOL programs, which remain marginalised from the central programs in terms of administrative policy and practice. I report the findings of a series of projects undertaken by the teachers and the researcher by which new insights and understandings of teachers beliefs about their work and the changes which are currently reconstructing the field of adult language and literacy education in Australia, have been gained. I questions the discourses of applied linguistics which have for the past forty years constructed the field of adult TESOL in Australia and suggests that these lack a social theory (Candlin 1989). From the research findings I questions the possibility of continuing to work in the ways of the past, in the current climate of reconstruction of the field, rapid policy change and continued erosion of resources. I suggest that the previously loose system which held this field of work together, the ways of working, the understandings of practice, have in the light of these new times, been stretched to the limit and are in real danger of collapse. For the women working in TESOL this continued incursion of the systems into their work and the changes that have taken place, the denial of their ways of working, their local knowledge and gendered experiences, can be read against Habermas' concept of the colonisation of the lifeworld of language teaching (Habermas 1987).

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.