Este estudo apresenta o trabalho do psicanalista e hipnoterapeuta americano Milton Hyland Erickson a partir de seus dados biográficos e de sua relevância para a chamada terapia estratégica, propondo, em consonância com sua experiência profissional, uma nova epistemologia para a mudança; propõe ainda uma comparação entre a trajetória de Freud e a de Erickson em relação à hipnose, bem como um apanhado histórico sobre essa técnica. Com base nessa recuperação teórica, os padrões ericksonianos de linguagem são investigados à luz do Metamodelo e do Modelo Milton, criações de Richard Bandler e John Grinder, tomando por base alguns conceitos da Programação Neurolinguística (PNL) tais como sistemas representacionais, filtros, modelagem, espelhamento e rapport. Empreende-se uma análise do discurso ericksoniano a partir de três casos selecionados dentre seus atendimentos clínicos, evidenciando os padrões de linguagem apresentados nas categorias e subcategorias do Metamodelo e do Modelo Milton, com o objetivo de validá-los tanto teórica quanto empiricamente / This study aimed at scrutinizing Milton Hyland Ericksons theoretical framework and therapeutic methodology with a view to the understanding of their relevance to the so-called strategic therapy. That aim was carried out through analyses of issues such as Ericksons professional experience, his shared points and differences with Freudian hypnosis and particularly his patterns of discourse as well as his very clinical technique. Those analyses were accomplished under the guidance of the Metamodel and the Milton Model as proposed by Richard Bandler and John Grinder within the references and concepts comprised in the Neuro-Linguistic Programming such as representational systems, filters, modeling, mirroring and rapport. In order to ground and illustrate the theoretical analyses, this work was enriched by the scrutiny of three Ericksonian clinical cases. This strategy proved to be effective since it has provided evidences about both Ericksons language patterns and empirical data for the observation of the categories and subcategories of the Metamodel and Miltons Model, as a kind of a quest for validation of his theory and methods. The results put into light Ericksons understanding of the therapeutic work

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the present work is to emphasize the theatrical importance of the concepts of libido and transference and their developments in the clinical, scientific and political fields. Such attempt is justified by the fact that, when using these concepts, Freud operates a transformation which had already begun with Charcot in the forms of understanding and dealing with psychic derangement, which was circumscribed to the limits of fantasy and simulation. Beyond that factor, the father of psychoanalysis also enlarges the range of these concepts, since the libido will have a preponderant role in the new knowledge that is designed when he affirms it as |something fundamental| which allows the clinical practice by means of transference as well as the formation of the social tie. In order to achieve our objective, we will develop our reasoning by reviewing the predecessors of Freudian clinical practice animal magnetism, suggestion and hypnosis and from that point derive the postulation of the concept of transference, which will not represent only an evolution of the technique that will have effects in the clinical records; but, at the same time, will also promote a transformation in the epistemic field, as it proposes another notion of reality, a psychic one, whose ordering principle will be the same which figures as a condition for the possibility of the transfer, that is, the libido, which is an issue of impact in the scientific field; finally, we will address the ethical reach of the concepts of libido and transference, which will allow regarding the regulation of the social space from the point of view of the relations established among the different subjects, a preeminently political proposition. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo resgatar a importância teórica dos conceitos de libido e transferência e seus devidos desdobramentos nos campos da clínica, da ciência e da política. Este intento se justifica na medida em que, ao lançar mão de tais conceitos, Freud opera uma transformação que já havia sido iniciada com Charcot nas formas de entender e lidar com o adoecimento psíquico, circunscrito que estava aos limites da fantasia e da simulação. Para além desse fator, o pai da psicanálise alarga também o campo de alcance destes conceitos, visto que a libido terá papel preponderante no novo saber que se esboça ao afirmá-la como o algo fundamental que possibilita tanto a prática clínica por via da transferência quanto a formação do laço social. Para tanto construiremos nossa argumentação com o resgate dos antecessores da prática clínica freudiana - magnetismo animal, sugestão e hipnose - para daí fazer derivar a postulação do conceito de transferência, que não representará apenas uma evolução na técnica a qual repercutirá nos registros da clínica; mas, a um só golpe, promove também uma transformação no campo epistêmico, ao propor uma outra noção de realidade, agora psíquica, cujo princípio ordenador será aquele mesmo que figura como condição de possibilidade da transferência, a saber, a libido, questão essa de interesse no meio científico; e, por fim, chegaremos ao alcance ético dos conceitos de libido e da transferência, os quais permitirão pensar a regulação do espaço social a partir das relações estabelecidas entre os diferentes sujeitos, propositura política por excelência.

Bakgrund: Cancer leder till mycket lidande för barnen och de behöver hjälp med att lindra lidandet med hjälp av icke-farmakologiska metoder. Av alla dessa drabbade barn och ungdomar har många besvär av smärta och ångest och det blir psykiskt påfrestande under sjukdomstiden. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur icke-farmakologiska metoder används, för att avleda smärta och ångest hos barn och ungdomar som genomgår cancerrelaterade undersökningar och behandlingar. Metod: Litteraturstudie. Artikelsökning gjordes i databasen PubMed, Cinahl och manuellt. Totalt valdes tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet visade att icke-farmakologiska metoder såsom beröring, hypnos och distraktion i form av lek eller såpbubblor samt musik, minskar smärta och ångest hos barn och ungdomar med cancerdiagnos, som genomgår smärtsamma undersökningar, till exempel benmärgsaspiration, blodprover och andra behandlingar. Slutsats: De icke-farmakologiska metoderna är ett komplement till de farmakologiska medicinerna för att minska smärta och ångest. Det är viktigt att åldersanpassa de icke-farmakologiska metoderna. Omvårdnadspersonalen kan bli mer lyhörd för att använda icke-farmakologiska metoder, gällande smärt- och ångestlindring hos barn med cancerdiagnos. De bör få möjlighet att utveckla sin kunskap och kompetens inom detta område. I sin tur kan det leda till mer trygga barn och ungdomar, och även trygga föräldrar. / Background: Cancer leads to a lot of suffering for the children and they need help to alleviate suffering by means of non-pharmacological methods. Of all these affected children and adolescents, there are many complaints of pain and anxiety and it becomes psychologically stressful during the illness. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe how non-pharmacological methods are used to derive pain and anxiety in children and adolescents undergoing cancer-related studies and treatments Method: Literature study. Article search was made in the PubMed, Cinahl database and manually. A total of ten scientific articles were selected. Results: The results showed that non-pharmacological methods such as massage, hypnosis, play or soap bubbles and music distraction reduce pain and anxiety in children with cancer diagnosis undergoing painful investigations, such as bone marrow aspiration, blood samples and other treatments.Conclusion: The non-pharmacological methods complementary to the pharmacological drugs to reduce pain and anxiety. It is important to age-match the non-pharmacological methods. Nursing staff can be more responsive to using non-pharmacological methods, regarding pain and anxiety relief in children with cancer diagnosis. They should be given the opportunity to develop their knowledge and skills in this field. In turn, it can lead to more safe children and young people, and also to safeguard parents.

This diploma thesis has the goal of providing the broadest possible acquaintance with the phenomenon of suggestion. It covers various findings regarding the topic of suggestion, across both history and expertise. The author chose this approach to best encompass the multidimensional phenomenon of suggestion. That is why this thesis includes an overview of commonly used, but often misinterpreted terms, explanations of the basic principles of suggestion and the broadness of their use, a historical and geographical excursion regarding the phenomenon, and pointing out suggestion in everyday life. The first to do so in Czech language, the author dissects the cycle of suggestion, as presented by James Rolph, in great detail. To create the cycle of suggestion, manipulation and tricks have been, are being, and will be used. These tactics are close to impossible to track for the academic community, and the therapeutic community should stay far away from employing them. The author also holds a firm stance that hypnosis is just a construct - hypnosis does not exist as a unique state. This stance is supported by the lack of physiological manifestations, which would be exclusive to hypnosis, as well as current neuroscientific findings. Related to this, the author examines the controversial state vs. non-state...

”A finger pointing at the moon is not the moon...” -Buddhist Quote ”...but it can point you in the right direction.” -Charles Tart, American psychologist In this Master’s Thesis I will be presenting the idea of an Inner Gaze as an inherent witnessing system used in artistic practice. I will be mirroring my own practice as a Musician/Artist/Sound-Designer in the teachings of Hypnosis and The Science of Consciousness. Further I will share and analyze the collected data gathered from interviews with artists from different artistic fields, in order to gain a better understanding of how they experience their creative and performing minds. Is there any coherence in how we experience creativity? How common are the sensations of altered states of consciousness among artists? Can other artists relate to the idea of an inner gaze? Is this something we long to further explore and develop and would such a concept be beneficial for the artist and its works?

In this study, the use of hypnosis in the treatment of chronic low back pain is described in terms of Ecosystemic thinking, as opposed to traditional conceptualisations of hypnosis. Six case studies were used. Each is described in detail, as well as the therapeutic rationale behind each case, in order to present the reader with an understanding of the thinking behind using Ecosystemic hypnotherapy. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Clients embark in therapy for different reasons and they often do not understand their own behaviour, thoughts and feelings. Some state that they do not feel themselves and ask questions about who they really are. This study explores different therapeutic ways in assisting clients to find answers to this question. The researcher indicates that the self is an energy system which can be in dissonance. It explores the subconscious as a resource that can be utilized in therapy, assisting clients to discover their essential selves. The study uses an eclectic approach, where the Medical Hypnoanalysis Model is used to identify aspects with regards to the self being dissonant. It is indicated how the hypnotherapeutic techniques within Ego-state therapy and Ericksonian psychotherapy contribute to the exploration of the subconscious and its resources. The study utilizes subconscious resources to assist clients to become more aware of their essential selves and to activate the process of self-actualization. From theory the study constructed a new eclectic approach in assisting clients to discover their essential selves through their subconscious resources. This proves to be of value in approaching therapy from a psycho-educational perspective. The therapeutic process of identifying and accessing subconscious resources takes place within the framework of the SARI-model (a model within the Ego-state therapy theory). This study presents four case studies and discusses information that can be gained from the subconscious mind of the client and its utilization in therapy. The cases illustrate that the subconscious has the resources available to assist in the identification of the cause of the problem, inner-strengths, a subconscious safe place and possible solutions to the problem. It was indicated that these resources can be used to integrate trauma from the past, resolve negative beliefs and to enhance the establishment of equilibrium within the self as energy system, which leads to the client discovering and becoming the essential self. The study concludes with a model that can be used to discover the essential self by means of subconscious resources in addressing client's fundamental question of `Who am I really?' / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The word "cancer" has different meanings for different people. In general, it is synonymous with fatality, either imminent or in the forseeable future. How each person perceives and attributes meaning to this personal experience, varies according to idiosyncratic factors. These factors are constituted by each individual's unique internal make up and by external influences and it is the combination of the multiplicity of factors that bring about the personal attributions of meaning for each individual. The thesis examines the attributions of meaning of a sample of 42 women with breast cancer, through administration of a semi-structured interview and questionnaire, with follow up interviews. The theoretical concepts which are explored, examine the shift away from the traditional, Newtonian, linear-causal, neutral observer model (as in the traditional medical model), towards an ecosystemic, a-causal, contextual, holistic stance. Ecosystemic thinking is utilised in this research work, and this way of thinking is applied to the findings. In addition, a qualitative, descriptive approach is adopted, so that an in depth emphasis rather than a quantitative, empirical view of the patients in the sample, is undertaken. The applied questionaire focuses on the patient's experience of cancer diagnosis, with more specific reference to the side effects of the chemotherapy. The emphasis is towards the issue of anticipatory nausea and emesis and the possible use of hypnosis in relation to these effects. Each patient's attribution of meaning to these aspects forms the core of the thesis. The study discloses the wide variety of attributions of meaning held by different women in a similar predicament towards different aspects of that predicament. Concomitantly, the study highlights the limitations of the traditional, medical model which contribute to diminishing the personal understanding of each patient, and the impact of this on both treatment and outcome for each patient. / Psychology / D.Phil. (Psychology)

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th (Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology)