This study investigated the impact of import prices on inflation in Namibia, using quarterly time series data over the period 1998Q2-2017Q4. The variables used in the study are inflation rate, M2, real GDP and import prices. The study found that all the variables are integrated of order one (1), and upon testing for cointegration using Johansen test, there was no cointegration. Therefore, the model was analysed using ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques of vector autoregression (VAR) approach, granger causality test and the impulse response function. The results of the study revealed that import prices granger causes inflation at 1% level of significance. Inflation is also granger caused by real GDP and broad money supply (M2) does not Granger cause inflation. The study further revealed that the shocks to import prices are significant in explaining variation in inflation both in the short run and in the long term. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Der Software-Hersteller CAESS (PTC Partner Advantage, Silver) hat eine neue Version der Topopologie-Optimierungs-Lösung ProTOp auf den Markt gebracht. Die Software zeichnet sich aus durch neue Elemente wie: • Intuitive Benutzer-Oberfläche • Verwendung von 'Shell-, Lattice-'Strukturen • Nichtlinearitäten: Kontakte, Vorspannung, elastoplastisches Material • Extrem schnelle Gleichungslösung • Flächen-Glättung • Flächen-Rückführung mit .obj-Daten (wavefront) ins CAD

This thesis analyses the agricultural import demand of Turkey for the period 1993-2009. The main objective of the thesis is to assess the reason for the rapid increase in imports. Turkey has a trade surplus since 1993, yet, imports have surged since 2001. In this study import demand has been analyzed descriptively i.e., the developments in foreign trade have been described by the help of available, official trade statistics. Increasing population, economic growth (income) and overvalued exchange rate are among important factors that give rise to this rapid import increase. Foreign relations, such as the World Trade Organization&rsquo / s Agreement on Agriculture (1995) and Free Trade Agreement with European Union (1997), play also an important role. Future developments of EU-Turkey relations and a new WTO Agreement (Doha) may become instrumental to convert Turkey to a net importer of agricultural products. Turkey may keep its net-exporter position also in the future by increasing her agricultural output and productivity rather than relying on protectionism.

There is some rating of the production of milk and its consumption in Czech Republic in this work. Then there is some rating of consumer preferences, import and export and their commodity and territorial structure. This work also preview price trends and economics of milk production.

Chez les procaryotes, les systèmes ABC (ATP-binding cassette) canoniques permettent un import efficace et de haute affinité du nickel, en grande partie via l'action de la Ni-BP (nickel-binding protein) qui va jouer le rôle de récepteur extracytoplasmique du nickel avant son passage à travers la membrane interne. Dans ces travaux, nous avons cherché à mieux caractériser les stratégies d'import de nickel par les bactéries, notamment par l'étude cristallographique des Ni-BP. La résolution des structures de cinq de ces protéines, en interaction avec du nickel, nous a permis d'identifier les sites de fixation et ainsi de mettre en évidence les différents modes d'interaction de ce métal avec les Ni-BP. Nos résultats montrent notamment que la coordination du nickel requiert toujours la présence d'un métallophore exogène, appelé nickelophore. En parallèle, des études in vivo ont été conduites sur Escherichia coli, montrant que cette bactérie semble être capable de synthétiser son propre nickelophore. D'autre part, ces travaux ont permis la résolution de la structure de HypB de Helicobacter pylori en interaction avec du nickel. Celle-ci permet de mieux appréhender le rôle central de cette protéine au sein des voies de maturation des enzymes à nickel. / In prokaryotes, canonical ABC (ATP-binding cassette) importers allow an efficient uptake of nickel with high affinity through the inner membrane, largely via the action of the extracytoplasmic nickel-binding protein (Ni-BP). In this work, we intended to better understand the strategies developed by bacteria to scavenge nickel in the environment, especially through the structural studies of several Ni-BP. The resolution of the crystal structures of five Ni-BPs from diverse bacteria, in interaction with nickel, led us to identify their nickel-binding sites and shed light on the different binding modes. Our results show that the presence of an exogenous metallophore, called nickelophore, is always required. In vivo studies in Escherichia coli were also conducted, showing that this bacteria seems to be able to synthesize its own nickelophore. In addition, we have solved the crystal structure of Helicobacter pylori HypB in complex with nickel. This result provides insight into its cellular function in nickel enzyme maturation pathways.

Trade with salmon has been increasing in Czech. The aim of this work is to show the trend in trade of salmon. Find out the statistics of import of this commodity. Find out, how reachable is salmon in Czech retail shops.

This thesis was prepared as a set of current knowledge and solution of the issues of biological safety in relation to occurrence of dangerous biological agents mainly in individuals. The possibility of occurrence of ``highly dangerous infection{\crqq} disease is real in the CR and the health care system together with the integrated emergency system services have to be prepared, actually at the moment when a suspicion of its occurrence is pronounced by a competent person. The questions processed here relate to an assessment of the level of cooperation between the integrated emergency system services and further involved entities of South Bohemian region on dealing with this type of emergency situation that might occur in an air transport passenger. The thesis also deals with the issue of current provision of protective means needed for biological protection of the intervening services staff. Topicality of this issue in South Bohemian Region is among others given by the reconstruction of the South Bohemian Airport in České Budějovice, which is being prepared for international operation. And the development of travelling of people who use air transport to distant and exotic parts of the world where they might get infected and return back to the CR still in the incubation period using the quick air transport, is one of the reasons why this danger must not be underestimated. Personal interviews with representatives of the integrated emergency system services of the South Bohemia Region and related literary and information sources were used for obtaining data and information for the thesis. A tabling method was also used for organization of the data and the data were consequently subject to systemic and causal analysis. An outline of specific protective means available to the individual entities was formed within the analysis of current protective means specified for biological protection of intervening staff, and the outline was assessed in line with applicable European standards. Thanks to efficient cooperation between the integrated emergency system services and the involved entities and thanks to performed exercises readiness for dealing with situations that might occur in consequence of suspicion of dangerous infection occurrence is very good in the South Bohemia Region. The system of solving such situations as well as availability of protective means is at a good level in the South Bohemia Region, however some disproportions were found and the thesis provides proposals for possible measures of solving them.

L'intégration de l’ADN viral du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH 1) dans le génome humain est catalysé par la protéine intégrase. C’est une protéine clé pour l'infection du VIH. Cette protéine est toujours présente dans le complexe de préintégration (PIC). Le PIC est un grand complexe nucléoprotéique dont la taille et la composition sont variables. Ce complexe est formé après la transcription inverse et est transporté au noyau par le pore nucléaire. Integrase est exigé pour les étapes de transcription inverse, de migration du PIC le long des microtubules, d’import nucléaire, de ciblage de la chromatine et d'intégration.L'organisation spatiale du PIC et son mode de fonctionnement ne sont pas bien connus. L'objectif principal de mon travail a été l’étude du PIC au niveau de l’import nucléaire. Ce complexe que j’ai reconstitué in vitro est formé de trois protéines : la Transportine-SR2 et VBP1 humaines ainsi que de l’intégrase du VIH-1. Le clonage des différentes constructions, l'optimisation de la production des protéines individuelles, la reconstitution du complexe in vitro aussi bien que des données préliminaires sur la structure de ce complexe en cryomicroscopie électronique sont décrites dans ce manuscrit. / Integration of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cDNA into the human genome is catalyzed by the viral integrase protein (IN). It is a key protein for HIV infection. This protein is always present in the preintegration complex (PIC). PIC is a large nucleoprotein complex of variable composition and size. This complex is formed after reverse transcription and is transported to the nucleus through nuclear pore. Integrase is required for the steps of reverse transcription, PIC migration along microtubules, transfer to the nucleus, chromatin targeting and integration.At present, PIC’s spatial organization and way of functioning are not well known. The main objective of my work was the study of the PIC at the nuclear import step. This complex I reconstituted In vitro is composed of three proteins: human Transportin-SR2 and VBP1 as well as viral integrase. The cloning of the different constructs, the optimization of the production of the individual proteins, in vitro complex reconstitution as well as preliminary data on the cryo-EM structure are described in the manuscript.

L’Indonésie est un pays en développement qui adopte une économie ouverteoù le maintien de relations commerciales avec les autres pays est significatif. Il y a un niveauélevé de trafic économique international avec un impact substantiel sur l’économie et sur ledéveloppement national. Durant son développement, la collaboration avec d’autre pays a étégénéralisée. Cette thèse examine l’impact économique des accords de libre-échange et dela libéralisation des échanges tentés en Indonésie. Le but est d’adresser les problèmessuivants : examiner l’effet de la libéralisation des échanges sur le volume des exportations etdes importations, le revenu de l’état dans les aspects des échanges internationaux, tel queles droits d’importation, et fournir un examen approfondi du lien entre la libéralisation deséchanges, la pauvreté et l’inégalité en Indonésie. Une analyse empirique est menée enajoutant les facteurs de libéralisation aux fonctions de demande d’exportation etd’importation pour déterminer l’impact de la libéralisation sur les activités d’exportation etd’importation en Indonésie. Les résultats indiquent que, pour l’Indonésie, les politiques delibéralisation des échanges qui sont mesurées par les droits d’exportation et les droitsd’importation ont un impact négatif sur les exportations et les importations. Afin de faire faceaux problèmes fiscaux, on peut conclure que les politiques de libéralisation des échangesd’augmenter le volume des importations. Les conditions de pauvreté et l’inégalité d’un payspeuvent être influencées par l’ouverture de son économie. Les résultats révèlent que lalibéralisation des échanges a un impact négatif direct sur la pauvreté où la libéralisation deséchanges peut réduire le niveau de pauvreté. / Indonesia is a developing country that has adopted an open economy wheretrade relations with other countries is significant. Indeed, there is a high level of internationaleconomy traffic that has substantially impacted the economy and national development.Throughout the nation’s development, cooperation and involvement with other countries hasbeen widespread. This thesis investigates the economic impact of free trade agreements andthe trade liberalization attempted in Indonesia in order to: examine the effect of tradeliberalization on the volume of exports and imports; analyse state revenue regarding aspectsof international trade, such as import duty; and provide a detailed investigation of therelationship between trade liberalization, poverty and inequality in Indonesia. An empiricalanalysis is conducted by adding liberalization factors to the import and export demandfunctions to determine the impact of liberalization on export and import activities in Indonesia.The results indicate that, for this nation, trade liberalization policies measured through exporttaxes and import duties negatively impact exports and imports. To deal with fiscal issues, itcan be concluded that the policies of trade liberalization are still able to increase importvolume. Conditions of poverty and inequality in a country can also be influenced by theopenness of its economy. The results reveal that trade liberalization negatively impactspoverty and may reduce poverty levels in Indonesia.

Företag som agerar på en internationell marknad står inför olika risker men också möjligheter vid en valutafluktuation. Företag som hanterar ett pengaflöde i någon form av utländsk valuta står inför valutaexponering när valutakursen fluktuerar. För att minska valutarisken kan företagen använda sig av olika valutastrategier. Enligt tidigare studier är det vanligare bland större företag att använda valutastrategier medan ’small medium sized enterprises’ (SME) har bristande kunskaper inom ämnet och känner en oro för att använda sig av de verktyg som finns. Eftersom SME-företagen står inför olika valutarisker som hanteras fragmentariskt ämnar denna uppsats att undersöka och analysera svenska SME-företags valutarisker och hur valutaexponeringen reduceras genom valutastrategier. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte valdes en kvalitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats baserad på företagens erfarenhet av ett ämne. Semistrukturerande intervjuer har genomförts med fyra svenska SME-företag som hanterar direkt import och/eller export och därmed påverkas av valutarisker och valutafluktuationer. Resultatet från uppsatsen indikerar på att svenska SME-företags valutarisker har ett signifikant samband mellan verksamhetsstruktur och valutaexponering. Resultatet visar på att valutaexponeringen påverkas beroende på hur företaget hanterar internationell handel vilket stödjer tidigare studier. Det har även visat sig att svenska SME-företag använder sig av valutastrategier genom hedging metoder. Det kan dock konstateras att majoriteten av de analyserade SME-företagen har bristande kunskap vilket stödjer tidigare studier. / Businesses that are internationally based are faced with currency risks but also possibilities. The businesses that are internationally based are faced with currency exposure due to fluctuation. To limit the currency risks businesses can utilize different currency strategies. According to previous studies, larger businesses are more likely to utilize these currency strategies, while small medium sized enterprises (SME) lack the knowledge about currency strategies and thus feel a disquiet about utilizing them. Since SME face a currency risk that is handled in a fragmented way, this paper aims to investigate and analyze Swedish SME currency risks and how they manage currency exposure through currency strategies.   The method used in this study was to implement a qualitative research method with a deductive approach based on the businesses experience of a subject. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with four Swedish SME that handle import and/or export. Thus, being affected by currency risks and currency fluctuations.  The conclusion drawn from the result of this study indicate that Swedish SME currency risks have a significant relationship between businesses structures and currency exposure. The conclusion supports previous studies that currency exposure is affected depending on how the businesses manage their export and import. The study has also shown that Swedish SME utilize currency strategies through hedging derivatives. Although the majority of the analysed SME have insufficient knowledge about these derivatives which supports previous studies.