Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2750466 bytes, checksum: dc5574a2a889d34318f62533e5e653a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work to the objective describe the environmental impacts of the textile industry and check stock management, prevention, treatment and control those impacts by textile Ceará. To do this we sought to study the reality of the environmental impacts of the textile industry describing the processes of spinning and weaving and the impacts generated by each step. We studied two companies with one another without certification and certification and sought to identify ways of managing these impacts of entry and exits, as water consumption and waste generation, respectively. The identification of these significant impacts was critical to achieve the key evaluate control measures used by textile industries. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever os impactos ambientais da indústria têxtil e verificar ações de gerenciamento, prevenção, controle e tratamento desses impactos pelas indústrias têxteis cearenses. Para isso, buscou-se estudar a realidade dos impactos ambientais das atividades da indústria têxtil descrevendo os seus processos produtivos de fiação e tecelagem e os respectivos impactos gerados por cada etapa. Foram estudadas duas empresas, uma com certificação e outra sem, verificando-se as formas de gerenciamento dos aspectos ambientais de entrada e de saída, como consumo de água e de energia, e a geração de resíduos, gases e efluentes, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que, embora a certificação ISO 14.001, experimentada por uma das empresas, possibilitou a consolidação do seu sistema de gestão ambiental, as performances ambientais das empresas estudadas não apresentaram diferenças significativas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanyGKCS.pdf: 1632119 bytes, checksum: 11f4a6392f8168ee4ed4ac5f7a5e29ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / This objective of this work was to investigate the enviromental perception of technician of clinical laboratories, in the city of the Natal/RN, focusing the generated environmental aspects and impacts in the activities, the strategical importance of the environmental management for the activity, as well as the knowledge about environmental norms and resolutions applied to the sector. A type survey exploratory and descriptive was carried through, using a questionnaire applied in 82 clinical laboratory, getting a return tax of 53,65%, or either, 44 laboratories. The results of the descriptive analyses point with respect to environmental conscience of the interviewed, therefore the majority (75%) described the activities of clinical analyses as great imapact on the environment. Although the interviewed present certain knowledge on the advantages of practical of envivonmental protection and the risks that the activities of clinical analyses offer, some important practical of environmental protection arer not develped by the majority of the iterviewed. The carried through statistical analyses had allowed to investigate the level of environmental knowledge of the professionals of the sector, being consisted themselves that they present little knowledge on practical ISO 14001 and of environmental protection in the health public sector. It can be conclude that, a program of environmental qualification for the sector becomes necessary, in order to improve the knowledge of the professionals of the area, and that the majority of the professionals would have a good recptivity therefore recognize the benefits of the practicadl of environmental protection for the competitiveness of the clinical analyses laboratories / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a percep??o ambiental dos t?cnicos de laborat?rios de an?lises cl?nicas, na cidade do Natal/RN, enfocando os aspectos e impactos ambientais gerados nas atividades, a import?ncia estrat?gica da gest?o ambiental para a atividade, assim como o conhecimento de normas e resolu??es ambientais aplicados ao setor. Foi realizada uma pesquisa tipo survey, explorat?ria e descritiva utilizando-se um question?rio como principal fonte de coleta, aplicado em 82 laborat?rio de an?lises cl?nicas obtendo-se uma taxa de retorno de 53,65%, ou seja, 44 laborat?rios. Os resultados da an?lises descritiva apontam para consci?ncia ambiental dos entrevistados, pois a maioria (75%) descreveu as atividades de an?lises cl?nicas como de grande impacto sobre o meio ambiente. Embora os entrevistados apresentem certo conhecimento sobre as vantagens das pr?ticas de prote??o ambiental e os riscos que as atividades de an?lises c1?nicas oferecem, algumas importantes pr?ticas de prote??o ambiental n?o s?o desenvolvidas pela maioria dos entrevistados. As an?lises estat?sticas realizadas permitiram, avaliar o n?vel de conhecimento ambiental dos profissionais do setor, constando-se que apresentam pouco conhecimento sobre ISO 14001 e pr?ticas de prote??o ambiental no setor de sa?de p?blica. Pode-se concluir que, um programa de capacita??o ambiental para o setor faz-se necess?rio, a fim de melhorar o conhecimento dos profissionais da ?rea, e que teria uma boa receptividade, pois a maioria dos profissionais reconhece os benef?cios das pr?ticas de prote??o ambiental para a competitividade dos laborat?rios de an?lises cl?nicas

Organizations have been facing an increasing process of requirements in terms of having a responsible and engaged posture regarding the environment. In this context, organizations have been trying to establish forms of management to be in conformity with the changes of world thinking and behavior. Nowadays, investments in environmental management are some aspects which have been strengthening the positive image of organizations in the market in which the organizations act as well as their image with stakeholders. The concern of the society about the environmental quality and the sustainable use of environment has been reflecting in the elaboration of severe laws. Thus, organizations search for the conformity with the environment and the society through the use of ISO 14001 certification. The certification of environmental management systems has been an efficient tool to reach the expected results in companies, which face seriously the process of continuous improvement. This way, the present work aims to analyze the implementation of the norm ISO 14001:2004 in organizations. The relevance of this study subject can be well supported by the pressure made by all the parts interested on the system of organizations related to the environmental preservation. The research has a qualitative characteristic and the methodology used firstly a theoretical background, which was followed by the interpretation of the norm to provide a greater comprehension and clearance of the context to be dealt with. The organizations were characterized, presented, and afterwards the analysis of the elaborated research was made according to the requirements of the norm. The norm ISO 14001, which is a generic norm that is appropriate to any kind of organization, opens the possibility for different comprehension and interpretation of its requirements. This, a deep study of the environmental aspects of the organizations which search for the conformity with the norm certification should be taken into consideration. Therefore, besides the economic aspects, organizations have been incorporating some actions linked to the quality of environment and the sustainable development into their strategic planning and environmental policies. / As organizações têm se defrontado com uma crescente cobrança por posturas responsáveis e comprometidas com o meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, as organizações têm procurado estabelecer formas de gestão, buscando uma conformidade com as mudanças de pensamento e comportamento mundial. Hoje em dia, os investimentos destinados à gestão ambiental são aspectos que fortalecem a imagem positiva das organizações diante dos mercados em que atuam e dos seus stakeholders. Assim, preocupação que a sociedade vem demonstrando com a qualidade ambiental e com a utilização sustentável do meio ambiente tem se refletido na elaboração de leis cada vez mais severas. Diante desses fatores, as organizações buscam a conformidade com o meio ambiente e sociedade por meio da certificação ISO 14001. A certificação de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficiente para se atingir os resultados desejados nas organizações que encaram com seriedade o processo de melhoria contínua. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a implementação da Norma ISO 14001:2004 em organizações. A importância do tema justifica-se pela pressão exercida por todas as partes interessadas no sistema das organizações relacionado à preservação do meio ambiente. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo. A metodologia partiu de uma fundamentação teórica, na qual posteriormente a Norma foi interpretada para um maior entendimento e clareza do contexto a ser tratado. As empresas foram caracterizadas e apresentadas e, logo após, feita a análise da pesquisa elaborada dentro dos requisitos da Norma. A NBR ISO 14001, sendo uma norma genérica e aplicável a qualquer tipo de organização, abre a perspectiva para algumas diferenciações no entendimento e interpretação de seus requisitos. Sendo assim, um estudo mais aprofundado das questões ambientais das organizações, que buscam a conformidade com a certificação da Norma, deve ser levado em consideração. Assim, além das questões econômicas, as organizações estão incorporando, em seu planejamento estratégico e políticas ambientais, ações relacionadas à qualidade do meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to propose an environmental management system for a Winery within the perspective of ISO 14001, as a situational diagnosis made in the company from November 2008 to May 2009. This is a case study, which used a qualitative approach. The media used were literature and field research. This work was characterized as descriptive and explanatory. The data for the study, were collected through primary sources (unstructured interview, questionnaire for the company s technical director, on-site observation) and secondary (company s legal documents and publications relevant to research). In order to confirm and validate the information provided, the researchers recorded photographic observations in the environment of the organization during the 2009 harvest and construction of flow charts of the processes of wine. The data collected and analized were showed scope for improvement through implementation of an environmental management system. It is based on a set of actions related to production processes of the organization and health management, safety and environmental protection. The study further demonstrates the importance of environmental management it s presented, a survey of environmental aspects and impacts provokated by the activities of the winery and actions that the company has been adopting for the beneficts of the environment. After this diagnosis, it was suggested an environmental policy with goals and targets for the winery. It is understood that the first step to implement a environmental management system in the company s awareness of the Executive Department of the importance of environmental issues. This proposed model is extended to other industries in the wine sector / Este estudo objetivou propor um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental para uma vinícola sob a ótica da ISO 14001, a partir do diagnóstico situacional realizado na empresa no período de novembro de 2008 a maio de 2009. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, que utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa. Os meios de investigação utilizados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo. Com relação aos fins, este trabalho foi caracterizado como descritivo e explicativo. Quanto aos dados para a realização do estudo, estes foram coletados através de fontes primárias (entrevista não-estruturada; questionário aplicado para o diretor técnico da empresa; observação in loco) e secundárias (documentos legais da empresa e diversas publicações pertinentes à pesquisa). Visando a confirmação e validação das informações fornecidas, foram realizados registros fotográficos, observações no ambiente da organização durante a safra 2009 e construção de fluxogramas dos processos da Vinícola. Os dados coletados e analisados demonstraram possibilidades de melhorias mediante implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental na organização. O Sistema proposto constitui-se num conjunto de ações relacionadas aos processos de produção da organização e gestão dos assuntos de saúde, segurança e proteção ambiental. O estudo, além de demonstrar a importância da gestão ambiental, apresentou o levantamento dos aspectos e impactos ambientais provocados pelas atividades da Vinícola e ações que a empresa já vem adotando em prol do meio ambiente. Após a realização deste diagnóstico, foi sugerida uma política ambiental, com objetivos e metas ambientais para Vinícola. Entende-se que o passo inicial para implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental na empresa é a sensibilização do Conselho Administrativo para a importância das questões ambientais. Este modelo proposto é extensivo a outras indústrias do setor vitivinícola.

The diploma thesis provides proposal to implementation of environmental management system according to ISO 14001 into the Diafrikt Compponents s.r.o. subject of business of this firm is production of metal-ceramic friction materials. There were analyzed a performance of requirements ISO 14001 standards and the diploma thesis proposes the process of implementation of these requirements into the management system. The basic processes and documents as environmental policy, targets and target values were defined. Based on this analysis, the company takes an integrated view of their access to anvironmental care and the suggestions and guidance of the continual improvement of its environmental profile was provided.

O crescimento da atividade industrial, com a conseqüente geração de maior quantidade de poluentes, aliado ao aumento das exigências da sociedade por um ambiente adequado para a qualidade de vida impulsionam o desenvolvimento de novas formas de gestão em processos produtivos. Os organismos normalizadores criaram normas técnicas e estratégias de orientação às empresas visando o desenvolvimento de formas de gestão que procuram a melhoria contínua aliada à vertente ambiental. A norma certificável da Série ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 - Gestão Ambiental, relacionada ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA), é a ISO 14.001, aplicável a qualquer tipo e porte de organização. Neste contexto, há outras estratégias voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental de processos produtivos, sendo a Produção mais Limpa (P+L) uma das que possui maior reconhecimento mundial. Esta foi criada pela UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) e pode ser definida como uma estratégia ambiental preventiva aplicada a produtos, processos e serviços para minimizar os impactos sobre o meio ambiente. Contudo, as normas e as metodologias relacionadas a esses sistemas não apresentam procedimentos detalhados para a sua realização. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo é o levantamento e análise de métodos, ferramentas e procedimentos (denominados neste estudo como práticas) de SGA e P+L, para suprir a lacuna identificada, e indicar possibilidades de interação dessas estratégias. A metodologia foi baseada na revisão bibliográfica, principalmente a sistemática. A análise das práticas frente às etapas do SGA e da P+L foi feita a partir do cruzamento dos objetivos das etapas dos sistemas com os objetivos de cada prática. Os resultados obtidos envolvem a indicação de práticas para aplicação nas etapas propostas de P+L e do SGA e, a partir disso, a identificação de etapas comuns e complementares entre os sistemas. Foram levantadas 73 práticas, sendo 43 aplicadas e discutidas no estudo. A maioria das práticas foram classificadas nas etapas de levantamento de aspectos ambientais, monitoramento e medição e à melhoria ou medição do desempenho ambiental vinculados à implementação tanto de um sistema de gestão ambiental, quanto da estratégia de P+L. O estudo demonstrou que faltam práticas relacionadas às etapas iniciais de ambos os sistemas (fase inicial de planejamento), ligadas a requisitos legais, documentação e ações corretivas e de não conformidades para o SGA e para elaboração de cronograma de atividades, fluxogramas e implementação das medidas de P+L. As principais interações apontadas pelo estudo a partir das práticas levantadas foram: Levantamento de Aspectos ambientais do SGA com a etapa de Balanços de massa e energia de P+L; a etapa de Monitoramento e medição do SGA com a etapa de Avaliação técnica, ambiental e econômica de P+L; e as etapas de Auditoria interna e Avaliação de resultados do SGA com as etapas de Avaliação dos resultados e Plano de monitoramento e continuidade de P+L. Portanto, foi possível concluir que a aplicação de um dos sistemas poderia facilitar o andamento e implementação do outro e vice-versa, além de se complementarem para atingirem melhor gestão ambiental em processos, produtos ou serviços. Além disso, há a necessidade de maiores estudos para validação das interações apresentadas. / The growth of industrial activity, with consequent generation of higher amount of pollutants, coupled with increased demands from society for a suitable environment for quality of life motivated the development of new forms of management in production processes. The standardization organizations have established technical standards and strategies to guide companies seeking to develop ways of managing that pursue continuous improvement, coupled with the environmental aspects. The certifiable standard of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 series - Environmental Management, is ISO 14001, related to the Environmental Management System (EMS) and applicable to any type and size of organizations. In this context, there are other strategies for improving the environmental quality of production processes, and Cleaner Production (CP), is one of which that has greater worldwide recognition. This strategy was established by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and can be defined as a preventive environmental strategy applied to products, processes and services to minimize impacts on the environment. However, standards and methodologies related to these systems do not present detailed procedures for its implementation. Thus, the objective of the study is a survey and analysis of EMS and CP methods, tools and procedures (named in this study as practices) to fill the gap identified, and indicate possibilities for incorporating these strategies. The methodology was based on literature review, mainly of the systematic survey of practices. The analysis of practices compared to the EMS and CP steps was made relating the objective of these steps with the goals of each practice. The results involve the appointment of practices for implementing the steps proposed by CP and EMS and, the identification of common and complementary steps between systems. A total of 73 practices were raised and 43 were applied and discussed in the study. Most of the practices were classified in steps of environmental assessment, monitoring and measuring and improving or measuring the environmental performance linked to the implementation of both an environmental management system and the strategy of CP. The study showed that there is a lack of practices related to the initial phases of both systems (the early planning stages), relating to legal requirements, documentation and corrective actions, non-conformance to the EMS and to elaborate schedule of activities, flow and implementation of CP measures.The main possible interactions identified by the study were: Environmental aspects step of EMS with Mass and energy balances step of CP; Monitoring and measurement step of EMS with Technical, environmental and economic evaluation step of CP; and Internal audit and Outcome assessment steps of the EMS with Evaluation of results and Monitoring plan and continuity steps of CP. Thus, it is possible to conclude that implementing one of the systems could facilitate the progress and implementation of the other and vice versa, besides complementing to achieve better environmental management in processes, products or services. Moreover, there is a need for further studies to validate the interactions presented.

Till följd av det ökade allmänna intresset för hållbar utveckling har organisationers upprättande av hållbarhetsrapporter ökat. Samtidigt har tidigare forskning visat att hållbarhetsrapporter präglats av felaktig information i syfte att verka som ett skyltfönster. Därmed finns ett intresse för intressenter att en oberoende part granskar och säkerställer att organisationers hållbarhetsrapporter och miljöarbete överensstämmer. För att skapa legitimitet finns det en möjlighet för organisationer att certifiera sitt miljöarbete och miljöledningssystem enligt den internationella standarden ISO 14001 i syfte att påvisa att organisationens miljöarbete lever upp till standardens krav. Certifieringen inkluderar bland annat en revision utförd av oberoende revisorer. Tidigare forskning har påvisat att sannolikheten för att organisationer certifierar sig enligt ISO 14001 ökar när miljöarbetet är av en symbolisk karaktär. Tidigare forskning har även påvisat att revisorers arbetssätt inte är rationellt i lika stor utsträckning som tidigare antagits. Istället gör de känslomässiga och subjektiva bedömningar, detta tillsammans med fler delar benämns som revisorers komfort.  Syftet med studien är att undersöka om samt hur revisorer uppnår komfort i revisionsprocessen gällande certifiering av ISO 14001. För att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med tio semistrukturerade intervjuer där respondenterna var revisorer vilka utför ISO 14001 certifieringsrevisioner. Studien visar att ISO 14001 revisorer uppnår komfort, dock skiljer sig processen till att uppnå komfort från vad tidigare forskning konstaterat om finansiella revisorer. Fortsatt visar studien att det går att urskilja två idealtyper av ISO 14001 revisorer där uppbyggnaden av komfort särskiljer sig mellan diverse typ. Vidare framkommer det att båda idealtyper kan uppnå komfort genom enbart praktisk kompetens alternativt genom praktisk kompetens kombinerat med defensiva strategier. / Due to the public interest in sustainable development increases organizations establishment of sustainability reports have increased. At the same time it has been shown that sustainability reports are characterized by incorrect information in order to act as a display window. Hence, there is in stakeholders interest that an independent part reviews and ensures that organizations sustainability reports and environmental work are consistent. For organizations to create legitimacy for their environmental work they have the opportunity to certify their environmental management system in accordance with the international standard, ISO 14001. This in order to demonstrate that the organizations environmental work meets the requirements in the standard. The certification includes, among other things, an audit performed by independent auditors. Former studies have shown that the probability of organizations certifying their environmental management system according to ISO 14001 increases when the environmental work is more of a symbolic nature. Moreover former studies has shown that the auditors working process is not rational to the same extent as previously assumed. Instead they make emotional and subjective assessments, this together with more parts is referred to as auditors comfort.  The purpose of the study is to investigate if and how auditors achieve comfort in the audit process regarding certification of ISO 14001. In order to answer the study’s research questions, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with respondents consisting of auditors who perform ISO 14001 certification audits. The study shows that ISO 14001 auditors achieve comfort, however the process of achieving comfort deviate from what former studies has stated about financial auditors. Furthermore, the study show that it is possible to distinguish two ideal types of ISO 14001 auditors where the structure of comfort differs between various types. Moreover, it appears that both ideal types can achieve comfort through only practical competence or through practical competence combined with defensive strategies.

De miljöproblem som har uppstått till följd av mänskliga aktiviteter uppmärksammas alltmer och itakt med detta ökar kraven på företag gällande transparens och hållbarhet. Många företag har därförvalt att börja arbeta systematiskt med miljöfrågor. Syftet med denna rapport är att bidra till ettförestående miljöarbete enligt ISO 14001 på ett medelstort företag inom tillverkningsindustrin,genom kartläggning och analys av dess miljöaspekter. Företaget i fråga hålls anonymt i denna rapport och de resultat som presenteras är sammanfattade och generaliserade. Ett antal avgränsningar behövde göras, där bland annat systemgränsen sattes till att enbart inkludera produktionen i en avföretagets anläggningar. Med grund i en litteraturstudie genomfördes kartläggningen av företagets miljöaspekter genom rundvandringar tillsammans med produktionspersonal. Miljöaspekterna identifierades inom fyra huvudprocesser inom produktionen: förbehandling, maskiner, kvalitetskontroll, och övrigbehandling. Analysen av miljöaspekterna delades upp i två delar. Den första delen innehöll en bedömning av de kartlagda miljöaspekternas betydelse med hjälp av fyra produktionsledare. Följande miljöaspekter bedömdes som de tre mest betydande för företaget: råmaterialanvändning (inom huvudprocessmaskiner), kemikalieanvändning (övrig behandling), och energi (maskiner). Endast råmaterialanvändningen bedömdes som hög miljörisk medan de andra två bedömdes som måttlig. Sett till hela bedömningen så bedömdes majoriteten av miljöaspekterna som måttlig, pågränsen till låg, miljörisk. Den andra delen av analysen bestod av en jämförelse med resultat från Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), samt från en studie av industrier i Indien. SASB har identifierade miljöaspekter som är betydande för investerare inom olika industrikategorier. För den kategori som företaget i fråga går in under, överensstämmer resultaten av betydande miljöaspekter bra. Det samma gäller angående de av GRI identifierade miljöaspekterna somindustrier rapporterar mest om. Studien av industrier i Indien och de miljöaspekter som där bedömdes som mest betydande överensstämmer även de bra med produktionsledarnas ranking. Utöver dessa betydande miljöaspekter identifierades även en del andra områden som företaget börundersöka vidare, exempelvis: hantering av visst avfall, lokalisering av outsourcade tjänster, samttjänster som kan hjälpa till att säkerställa att lagar efterlevs. Det finns ett flertal aspekter som har påverkat resultaten i denna rapport, där de med störst inflytande är de avgränsningar som gjordes samt den subjektivitet som är förknippad med bedömningen. Subjektiviteten är svår att komma ifrån då bedömningen utförs av personer och deras egna åsikter, erfarenhet, och kunskap spelar in. Då resultaten överensstämde bra med övriga källor anses resultaten i denna rapport ändå vara tillräckligt pålitliga för att kunna användas som en grundav företaget vid ett eventuellt fortsatt miljöarbete. Det är dock viktigt att företaget i ett första steg kompletterar kartläggningen med de delar av produktionen som exkluderats i detta projekt. De måste även besluta om modellen för bedömning anses vara den man vill arbeta efter samt om manvill inkludera fler anställda eller andra intressenter. / The environmental issues that have arisen due to human activities are being increasingly acknowledged in society. As a result, the expectations on companies regarding transparency andsustainability have increased. Many companies have therefore chosen to work systematically with environmental issues. The purpose of this report is to contribute to a forthcoming environmental work, according to the ISO 14001, on a medium-sized company within the manufacturing industry, by mapping and analysing the company’s environmental aspects. The company in question is kept anonymous in this report and the results that are presented are summarised and generalised. A number of delimitations had to be made, including that the system boundary was set to include onlythe production in one of the company’s facilities. Using a literature study as a basis, the mapping of the company's environmental aspects was carried out through tours guided by production staff on the production site. Environmental aspects were identified within four main processes within the production: pre-treatment, machines, qualitycontrol, and other treatment. The analysis of the environmental aspects was divided into two parts. The first part contained an assessment of the significance of the mapped environmental aspects andwas carried out by four production managers. The results of this assessment showed that the threemost significant environmental aspects for the company is: raw material use (within the mainprocess machines), chemical use (other treatment), and energy (machines). Only the raw materialuse was assessed as high environmental risk, while the other two were assessed to be of moderate environmental risk. Overall, the majority of the environmental aspects were assessed to be ofmoderate (almost low) environmental risk. The second part of the analysis consisted of a comparison with results from the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), and a study investigatingindustries in India. SASB has identified environmental aspects that are significant for investors indifferent industry categories. For the category that is most similar to the company, the results ofsignificant environmental aspects are consistent with those from the production managers’assessment. The same applies to the environmental issues identified by GRI as the ones that industries report the most. The environmental aspects that were deemed to be the most significantin the results of the study that investigated industries in India are also consistent with the productionmanagers' assessment. In addition to these significant aspects, a number of other areas wereidentified that the company should investigate further, such as: waste management of certainmaterials, location of outsourced services, and services that can help ensure compliance with lawsand regulations. Several aspects have influenced the results of this report, where the most influential are the delimitations that were made and the subjectivity associated with the assessment. The subjectivity is difficult to eliminate, since the assessment is performed by people who all have their own opinions, experience, and knowledge, that affect them in the assessment. However, as the results of the assessment matched well with the results of other sources, they could still be considered to bereliable enough for the company to use them as a basis in the possible forthcoming environmentalwork. It is, however, important that the company as a first step complements the mapping with theparts of production that were excluded in this project. They must also decide whether they want to use the model for assessment used in this report, and whether to include more employees or other stakeholders.

Kvalitetsledningsstandard ISO 9001 samt miljöledningsstandard ISO 14001 är idag frekvent förekommande i svenska företag. Standarderna har som syfte att ligga till grund för en organisations ledningssystem och innehåller en mängd kravspecifikationer som anses vara optimala för att en verksamhet ska bedriva ett hållbart kvalitetsarbete. Standarderna ges ut av International Organization for Standardization, vilken förkortas som ISO. Förkortningen grundar sig i det grekiska ordet isos som kan översättas till identisk eller lika. Grundidén för ISO-standarder är nämligen att de är standardiserade riktlinjer som går att applicera på alla organisationer med samma resultat.    Genom en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie så ämnar forskningen att undersöka hur organisationer påverkas av ISO-standarders spridning och institutionalisering, samt vad det har för effekt på dess arbete med kvalitet och hållbarhet. Under arbetets gång så har primärdata samlats in genom sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer med kvalitetschefer, miljöchefer och projektansvariga på ISO-certifierade företag samt hos Swedish Standards Institute. Majoriteten av forskningsanalysen behandlar ISO-standarder i kontexten kring institutionalisering, isomorfism och institutionellt tryck, men den undersöker även företags påstådda motiv, och hur de upplever de organisatoriska konsekvenserna av anpassningen till ett ISO-certifierat ledningssystem.   Utfallet av undersökningen visar att de undersökta företagen påstår sig ha tre olika motiv till att göra en anpassning till ISO-standarder och dessa är: Påtryckningar från intressenter och kundernas krav på certifierade ledningssystem, certifieringar som konkurrensfördel i upphandlingar, samt en tilltro till standardens förmåga att effektivisera den egna verksamheten.   Påtryckningarna från intressenter har visat sig ha en central roll i hur företaget bedriver sitt arbete med standarder. De organisatoriska effekterna upplevs av samtliga respondenter som positiva men ger i de flesta fall inte intryck av att vara bra nog för att motivera den mängd tid och resurser som krävs för att erhålla ett certifikat. Istället sätts processen ofta igång genom ett tryck från omgivningen där kunderna genom sina kravställningar har en förmåga att få företagen att initiera sin anpassning. Svenska organisationer drivs således till att anpassa sig till samma typ av standardiserade sätt att bedriva sitt arbete, vilket gör dem mer homogena med sin omgivning och bidrar till att kvalitets- och miljöarbetet allt mer blir professionaliserat. / Quality management standard ISO 9001 and environmental management standard ISO 14001 are frequently occuring in swedish enterprises. The standards are intented to provide a foundation for an organization’s management system and they contain a series of specifications that are estimated to be optimal for a business to conduct a sustainable and high quality operation. ISO-standards are published by International Organization for Standardization, which is abbreviated as ISO. The abbreviation stems in the greek term isos, which can be translated into equal or alike. The main idea of ISO-standards is that they are a series of standardized guidelines which can be applied to any organization with the same results.   By conducting a qualitative multi-case study the research intends to examine how organizations are affected by the ISO-standards proliferation and institutionalization, as well as its perceived effects on firms’ work with quality and sustainability. Primary data has been gathered during the course of the research by conducting six semi-structured interviews with quality managers, environmental managers and project managers at ISO-certified enterprises as well as the Swedish Standards Institute. The majority of the analysis treats ISO-standards in the context of institutionalization, isomorphism and institutional pressure. Moreover, it also examines the enterprises alleged motives for adaption as well as their experience of the organizational changes a certified management system entails. The results of the research shows that the examined enterprises claims to have three different motives for adaption: Pressure from stakeholders and the customers’ demands for certified management systems, certificates as a competitive advantage in procurements, as well as a trust in the standards ability to streamline the organization.   The pressure from stakeholders have proven to play a central role in how the enterprise conducts work with the standards. The organizational effects are perceived by all respondents as positive. However, in most cases they do not give the impression of being worthy of the time and effort required to achieve a certificate. Instead, the process of acquiring a certificate is often initiated as a direct response to customers’ demands. Thus, the organizations are more inclined to adapting the same kind of standardized ways of planning their operations, which further makes them homogeneous with their environment as well as contributes to the professionalization of quality- and environmental work.

Novas concepções de gestão empresarial têm surgido, baseadas no princípio que estabelece uma política de qualidade ambiental, incorporando à atividade industrial as bases da promoção da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Objetivos: Avaliar o processo da certificação ISO 14001 em uma empresa do setor automotivo e o grau de conhecimento e envolvimento dos entrevistados, com relação ao processo de implantação, implementação, certificação e pós-certificação. Metodologia: um estudo de caso, com abordagem metodológica descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa, de uma multinacional do setor automotivo, localizada no Município de São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo. Alguns dos critérios para o estudo foram: certificação em conformidade com a ISO 14001; SGA implementado e em funcionamento; liderança na área de meio ambiente em nível nacional e internacional; com participação junto às comunidades do entorno, no exercício da cidadania corporativa e que concordasse e permitisse a realização do estudo, com acesso às informações necessárias. Os dados foram observacionais e obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os indivíduos envolvidos. A análise dos dados foi feita utilizando o Método de Análise de Conteúdo de BARDIN (1995). Resultados: A empresa possui mais de 9.000 funcionários, 21 setores envolvidos no processo de implementação do SGA. A maioria dos entrevistados possui curso superior completo e destes, 68,2 por cento em engenharia. As principais motivações da empresa ao buscar a certificação foram, de acordo com 43,5 por cento das respostas, a preocupação e o comprometimento com o meio ambiente e, para 34,8 por cento dos entrevistados, as exigências de mercado e o controle sobre os impactos causados ao ambiente. Após a certificação, ocorreram mudanças significativas dentro da empresa na opinião de 82,6 por cento dos colaboradores. Com relação à minimização dos riscos de novas e futuras vulnerabilidades legais e à maior conscientização e percepção dos trabalhadores em relação à questão ambiental, 95,7 por cento das respostas foram positivas. Sobre as dificuldades e conflitos encontrados durante o processo de certificação, 52,2 por cento apontaram a conscientização em todos os níveis como sendo a maior delas. Os funcionários do chão de fábrica (47,5 por cento ) sabem dizer que a ISO é relacionada com o meio ambiente. Alguns dos principais benefícios obtidos, após 19 meses da certificação, são a responsabilidade ambiental, com 43,5 por cento , e a melhoria da imagem da empresa, com 21,7 por cento das respostas. A certificação trouxe ganho para a empresa, para os funcionários, para a sociedade em geral e para o meio ambiente, tendo sido considerada a maior conquista de todas a conscientização ambiental adquirida, na opinião de 50,0 por cento dos entrevistados. Conclusões: O SGA, embora não seja a única solução para a resolução de todas as questões ambientais de uma organização, ele é uma ferramenta muito importante para o diagnóstico e gerenciamento destas questões. / New conceptions of environmental management arise all the time, based on the principles that establish an environmental quality policy, incorporating the basis of a sustainable development to the industrial activities. Objectives: To evaluate the certification process in an industry of the automotive sector and how involved the employees of the company are. Methods: ISO 14001 implementation case study, with a descriptive, qualitative and quantitative methodology, in a multinational company located in São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo. Some criterions used to choose this company were: having an ISO 14001 certificate; an effective EMS; leadership in the environmental issues; social work with the local communities; and, most of all, that would allow this study to happen. Data were obtained through a survey technique, and a questionnaire as the main tool of the research. Data analysis was carried out through contents analysis methods (BARDIN 1995). Results: The company has more than 9.000 employees and 21 internal divisions involved with the implementation process. Most of the employees are engineer (68,2 per cent ). The decision of going after the ISO 14001 certificate was based on the companys environmental commitment (43,5 per cent ), and according to 34,8 per cent of the answers, it was motivated by the attraction of new customers and markets (or at least retain access to customers and markets with EMS requirements) and to prevent pollution and conserve resources. After the certification, 82,6 per cent of the employees said that some significant changes were made inside the company, such as: enhance compliance and reduce/mitigate risks (95,7 per cent ); enhance awareness and involvement of the employee team (95,7 per cent ). You should note, however, that developing and implementing an EMS may have some difficulties. 52,2 per cent pointed out that the environmental education is the most difficult thing to achieve. The answers obtained with the working class show that they do know (47,5 per cent ) the meaning of ISO 14001. Once the system is implemented, it is possible to realize the most relevant benefits obtained through the certification, which are the environmental liability (43,5 per cent ); and enhance image with public, regulators, lenders, investors (21,7 per cent ). The ISO 14001 certification brings improvements in overall environmental performance and compliance. Conclusions: Although the EMS is not the solution for all environmental issues, it can result in both business and environmental benefits. The standard establishes a management framework by which an organizations\' impacts on the environment can be systematically identified and reduced.