The teoretic part of the document is about sustainable development, its reasons and history, about instruments of measuration and achievement. Next there is described the Environmental Management System, its extensiveness, requirements, benefits for company and the standards of EMS. In the document are described the differences between certification according to ISO 14000 or EMAS. Costs according to the etaps and posibility to financial subventions are analyzed in this document too. The next part is research-based tail, based on list of question to Czech companies, in which EMS is implemented. The research was pointed to prove the declared benefits for companies, experiences with EMS and general attitude of companies to this issue. In the end of the document there are comments, results of research and knowledge, which was observed during the research.

There are a variety of advantages to companies certifying their management system according to the ISO standards that exist. Examples of these advantages are that you get a tool that helps to conduct your business in a better way as you often get into continuous improvements in this context. This report concerns two companies, Götessons Industri AB and company X, company X was acquired just over a year ago by the Götessons Group. The Götessons Group wants all companies in the Group to be certified according to both ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015. The purpose of the work was therefore to develop appropriate solutions to be able to certify a management system at company X in accordance with ISO requirements. This should be done by trying to take as much from the solutions that Götessons used to obtain a certificate and then apply this to company X.   The work also briefly addresses why companies choose to be certified according to ISO standards, but also a description of what a functioning management system can look like. The theories used to create a foundation in the work are ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, Management System and Management System Standard. To supplement these theories, a number of different methods have also been used in the form of document studies, literature studies, investigations, and interviews. The document study that has been carried out is to review Götesson's management system. The literature study that has been done is primarily an in-depth study at SIS on what a certification means. The investigations and interviews carried out are visits to the various companies and related interviews. The interviews have been with staff but mainly with the company's external auditor who has over 20 years of experience in certifications.   The work resulted in the reuse of a large part of Götesson's management system to company X’s management system. Some parts can be transferred without further adaptation, while some parts require a greater adaptation to better suit the business. When introducing a management system within a corporate group, the strategy used in the study lead to both time savings and cost savings for the companies involved. The work also showed that in this case it will not be possible to apply all the measures as the activities differ in certain processes.

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Student Number : 9612417M - MSc(Eng) research report - School of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Despite benefits claimed by organisations on ISO 14001 such as improved environmental performance and gaining of business advantage, there are disputes that the standard does not lead to improved environmental performance. The purpose of the study was to establish environmental performance of ISO 14001 in South Africa; and environmental management tools that can back up ISO 14001 standard for enhanced performance. The study was based on questionnaires, interviews and documents. The outcome of the study was that ISO 14001 is implemented in South Africa mainly to gain business advantage whilst aiding in improved environmental behaviour. Benefits obtained from ISO 14001 certification by organisation include environmental awareness and responsibility by employees across the board, more organised data management, reduced environmental costs, no environmental liabilities and gaining good reputation with the public, government, insurers and other stakeholders. However the issue of costs is considerably a limitation for companies to register for ISO 14001. The environmental management tools mostly implemented are those closely associated with ISO 14001 such as Environmental Auditing, Environmental Performance Indicators and Environmental Reporting. Other tools such as Design for Environment, Life Cycle assessment, Extended Producer Responsibility, and Eco- Mapping are not popular in South Africa which can imply missed opportunities. Strategic incorporation of these Environmental management tools into ISO 14001 include simplicity, innovation, use of incentives, industrial associations and benchmarking, new thinking, education, building on existing business practices and broadening the use of ISO 14001 standard.

Miljöledningssystem ger struktur åt miljöarbetet samt hjälper företag att använda resurser på ett sådant sätt som hjälper de att uppnå förbättringar för miljön. Den inverkan som företaget har på miljön bedöms utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. Dessa aspekter, i samband med relevant miljölagstiftning, styr miljöarbetet så att positiva effekter uppnås. Miljömål och miljöpolicy säkerställer så att ledningen är engagerade samt engagerar ett arbete för att reducera miljöpåverkan och uppnå konstanta förbättringar gällande miljöfrågorna. Ett miljöledningssystem ger företag möjlighet att kommunicera att deras miljöarbete utövas på ett reellt sätt. Syftet med implementeringen av miljöledningssystemet ISO 14001 är att företag ska ha det lättare att arbeta med miljöfrågor samt förbättra kommunikationen mellan intressenter och företag. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur små- och medelstora företag upplever implementeringen av miljöledningssystem enligt ISO 14001 samt hur ledningen i dessa företag motiverar och utbildar de anställda kring ISO 14001. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod och tre företag har haft rollen som informanter vars svar redovisats i den insamlade empirin. Utifrån informanternas svar har paralleller dragits till tidigare forskning samt teorier. Resultaten har visat att företagen har svårigheter med ISO 14001 och att både ledningen och anställda inte är tillräckligt utbildade kring ISO 14001 och miljöledningssystem. Vid implementering av miljöledningssystem är det viktigt att både ledningen och anställda är välutbildade, motiverade samt engagerade för att dynamiken i företaget ska fungera / Environmental management system provides a structure for environmental work and helps companies use resources in a way that helps them achieve environmental improvements. The impact the company has on the environment is assessed from a holistic perspective. These aspects, in conjunction with relevant environmental legislation, govern the environmental work so that positive effects are achieved. Environmental goals and environmental policy ensure that management is committed and engaged in work to reduce environmental impacts and achieve constant improvements regarding the environmental issues. An environmental management system enables companies to communicate that their environmental work is practiced in a trustworthy way. The aim of the implementation of the environmental management system ISO 14001 to make it easier for companies to work with environmental issues and improve communication between stakeholders and companies. The aim of this paper is to investigate how SMEs experience the implementation of environmental management systems according to ISO 14001 as well as how management in these companies motivates and educates employees regarding ISO 14001. The study is based on a qualitative approach and three companies have played the role of informants whose answers are reported in the collected empirical data. Based on the informants' answers, parallels have been drawn to previous research and theories. The results have shown that companies have difficulties with ISO 14001 and that both management and employees are not sufficiently educated around ISO 14001 and environmental management system. When implementing environmental management systems, it is important that both management and employees are well-educated, motivated and committed to the dynamics of the company

Detta arbete har identifierat fyra betydande faktorer vars verkan resulterat i att de intervjuade småföretagen valt att inte organisera miljöarbetet enligt ISO 14001 standarden: fragmenterad kunskap om miljöproblem / Detta examensarbetes undersökningsobjekt är små (1-49 anställda) tillverkningsföretag, medan standarden för miljöledningssystem ISO 14001 träder fram som undersökningsämne. Syftet har varit att utifrån den institutionella organisationsteorin finna en djupare förståelse för vilka krafter som ligger bakom ett småföretags val att avstå från att organisera miljöarbetet enligt standarden för miljöledningssystem ISO 14001. För att nå arbetets syfte har jag genomfört kvalitativ empirisk undersökning som grundar sig på djupintervjuer av personer som representerar tre tillverkningsföretag som helt frivilligt och medvetet valt att avstå från implementeringen av ISO 14001.

Hundreds of thousands of organizations have chosen to boost their competitive position by demonstrating compliance to the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System standard. In order for these standards to become credible policy options, they must ensure the capacity to build an industrial morality and to institutionalize responsibility. Relying on a series of in-depth interviews with environmental auditors, this dissertation contributes to a deeper empirical understanding of these regulatory instruments by, first, exploring how the adoption of an EMS promotes self-regulatory capacity and contributes toward effective environmental protection, and second, discussing the limitations of its accountability structure and the threats to the credibility of the standard. This project highlights several misconceptions associated with the role of ISO 14001, and explains why both public and private sectors hold conflicting and inappropriate expectations regarding the certification process. According to the environmental auditors interviewed, the standard has helped thousands of committed organizations to effectively improve their self-regulatory capacity as well as their environmental performance. Yet, organizations with no intrinsic motivation can take advantage of the flexibility granted by the standard and the limitations of the conformity assessment process, to obtain an empty environmental certificate. ISO 14001 is a process standard that can help both "environmental leaders and laggards / Ph. D.

A sustentabilidade está sendo inserida no contexto empresarial como uma forma de minimizar os impactos causados pelos processos produtivos. Empresas estão deixando de considerar somente questões econômicas e passaram a atentarem-se as questões socioambientais. Diante desse contexto, as organizações utilizam ferramentas como normas de sistemas de gestão para auxiliar a satisfazer os anseios das partes interessadas e introduzir a sustentabilidade em seus contextos. No cenário científico não identificou-se estudos que abordassem a relação existente entre normas de sistemas de gestão e a sustentabilidade empresarial. Sendo assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre normas de sistemas de gestão (ISO 14001, ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001 e NBR 16001) e a sustentabilidade empresarial. Para isso realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de identificar os requisitos da sustentabilidade empresarial. Esses foram extraídos do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial, Indicadores Ethos e Global Reporting Initiative, pois agrupam os principais elementos da sustentabilidade empresarial. Posteriormente foi construída matriz de relação contendo os requisitos da sustentabilidade empresarial e os requisitos de cada norma de sistema de gestão estudada. Essa matriz foi preenchida pela pesquisadora e por 6 especialistas que utilizam essas normas diariamente. Posteriormente as respostas foram consolidadas gerando a Matriz de Relação Consolidada (MRC) que foi analisada e interpretada. As relações foram classificadas como forte, moderada, fraca ou nula. Essa matriz foi o meio utilizado para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a ISO 9001 e a OHSAS 18001 possuem relação fraca com a sustentabilidade empresarial. A ISO 14001 apresenta relação moderada e a NBR 16001 apresenta relação forte. Sendo assim, conclui-se que esses padrões normativos podem auxiliar as empresas a introduzirem a sustentabilidade em seu contexto, no entanto, a ISO 9001 e a OHSAS 18001 são normas que abordam apenas alguns elementos da sustentabilidade empresarial. A NBR 16001 é a norma que mais apresenta os elementos da sustentabilidade em seu escopo. Sendo assim, empresas que objetivam introduzir a sustentabilidade nos ambientes corporativos poderiam focar na implementação da NBR. / Sustainability is being inserted into the business context as a way to minimize the negative impacts of production processes. Organizations are ceasing to consider only economic issues and began to heed to social and environmental issues. In this context, organizations use tools such as management system standards to help stakeholders satisfy their aspirations and introduce sustainability into their contexts. A study that approached the relation between standards of management systems and corporate sustainability wasnt identified in the scientific scenery. Therefore, the goal is to analyze the relation between management system standards (ISO 14001, ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001 and NBR 16001) and corporate sustainability. A literature review was carried out in order to identify the requirements of corporate sustainability. These were taken from the Corporate Sustainability Index, Ethos Indicators and Global Reporting Initiative, for they group the main elements of corporate sustainability. Later, a relation matrix containing the requirements of corporate sustainability was built with the requirements of each standard management system studied. This matrix was filled by the researcher and six experts who use these standards daily. Later responses were consolidated generating the Consolidated Relation Matrix which was analyzed and interpreted. Relations were classified as strong, moderate, weak or null. This matrix was the means used to achieve the objective of the research. The survey results show that the ISO 9001 and OHSAS 18001 have weak relation to corporate sustainability. The ISO 14001 has moderate relation and the NBR 16001 presents strong relation. Therefore, it is concluded that these regulatory standards can help companies to introduce sustainability in their context, however, ISO 9001 and OHSAS 18001 are standards that address only some elements of corporate sustainability. The NBR 16001 is the standard that has more elements of sustainability in its scope. Thus, companies aiming to introduce sustainability into corporate environments could focus on the implementation of the NBR 16001.

O crescimento da atividade industrial, com a conseqüente geração de maior quantidade de poluentes, aliado ao aumento das exigências da sociedade por um ambiente adequado para a qualidade de vida impulsionam o desenvolvimento de novas formas de gestão em processos produtivos. Os organismos normalizadores criaram normas técnicas e estratégias de orientação às empresas visando o desenvolvimento de formas de gestão que procuram a melhoria contínua aliada à vertente ambiental. A norma certificável da Série ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 - Gestão Ambiental, relacionada ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA), é a ISO 14.001, aplicável a qualquer tipo e porte de organização. Neste contexto, há outras estratégias voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental de processos produtivos, sendo a Produção mais Limpa (P+L) uma das que possui maior reconhecimento mundial. Esta foi criada pela UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) e pode ser definida como uma estratégia ambiental preventiva aplicada a produtos, processos e serviços para minimizar os impactos sobre o meio ambiente. Contudo, as normas e as metodologias relacionadas a esses sistemas não apresentam procedimentos detalhados para a sua realização. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo é o levantamento e análise de métodos, ferramentas e procedimentos (denominados neste estudo como práticas) de SGA e P+L, para suprir a lacuna identificada, e indicar possibilidades de interação dessas estratégias. A metodologia foi baseada na revisão bibliográfica, principalmente a sistemática. A análise das práticas frente às etapas do SGA e da P+L foi feita a partir do cruzamento dos objetivos das etapas dos sistemas com os objetivos de cada prática. Os resultados obtidos envolvem a indicação de práticas para aplicação nas etapas propostas de P+L e do SGA e, a partir disso, a identificação de etapas comuns e complementares entre os sistemas. Foram levantadas 73 práticas, sendo 43 aplicadas e discutidas no estudo. A maioria das práticas foram classificadas nas etapas de levantamento de aspectos ambientais, monitoramento e medição e à melhoria ou medição do desempenho ambiental vinculados à implementação tanto de um sistema de gestão ambiental, quanto da estratégia de P+L. O estudo demonstrou que faltam práticas relacionadas às etapas iniciais de ambos os sistemas (fase inicial de planejamento), ligadas a requisitos legais, documentação e ações corretivas e de não conformidades para o SGA e para elaboração de cronograma de atividades, fluxogramas e implementação das medidas de P+L. As principais interações apontadas pelo estudo a partir das práticas levantadas foram: Levantamento de Aspectos ambientais do SGA com a etapa de Balanços de massa e energia de P+L; a etapa de Monitoramento e medição do SGA com a etapa de Avaliação técnica, ambiental e econômica de P+L; e as etapas de Auditoria interna e Avaliação de resultados do SGA com as etapas de Avaliação dos resultados e Plano de monitoramento e continuidade de P+L. Portanto, foi possível concluir que a aplicação de um dos sistemas poderia facilitar o andamento e implementação do outro e vice-versa, além de se complementarem para atingirem melhor gestão ambiental em processos, produtos ou serviços. Além disso, há a necessidade de maiores estudos para validação das interações apresentadas. / The growth of industrial activity, with consequent generation of higher amount of pollutants, coupled with increased demands from society for a suitable environment for quality of life motivated the development of new forms of management in production processes. The standardization organizations have established technical standards and strategies to guide companies seeking to develop ways of managing that pursue continuous improvement, coupled with the environmental aspects. The certifiable standard of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 series - Environmental Management, is ISO 14001, related to the Environmental Management System (EMS) and applicable to any type and size of organizations. In this context, there are other strategies for improving the environmental quality of production processes, and Cleaner Production (CP), is one of which that has greater worldwide recognition. This strategy was established by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and can be defined as a preventive environmental strategy applied to products, processes and services to minimize impacts on the environment. However, standards and methodologies related to these systems do not present detailed procedures for its implementation. Thus, the objective of the study is a survey and analysis of EMS and CP methods, tools and procedures (named in this study as practices) to fill the gap identified, and indicate possibilities for incorporating these strategies. The methodology was based on literature review, mainly of the systematic survey of practices. The analysis of practices compared to the EMS and CP steps was made relating the objective of these steps with the goals of each practice. The results involve the appointment of practices for implementing the steps proposed by CP and EMS and, the identification of common and complementary steps between systems. A total of 73 practices were raised and 43 were applied and discussed in the study. Most of the practices were classified in steps of environmental assessment, monitoring and measuring and improving or measuring the environmental performance linked to the implementation of both an environmental management system and the strategy of CP. The study showed that there is a lack of practices related to the initial phases of both systems (the early planning stages), relating to legal requirements, documentation and corrective actions, non-conformance to the EMS and to elaborate schedule of activities, flow and implementation of CP measures.The main possible interactions identified by the study were: Environmental aspects step of EMS with Mass and energy balances step of CP; Monitoring and measurement step of EMS with Technical, environmental and economic evaluation step of CP; and Internal audit and Outcome assessment steps of the EMS with Evaluation of results and Monitoring plan and continuity steps of CP. Thus, it is possible to conclude that implementing one of the systems could facilitate the progress and implementation of the other and vice versa, besides complementing to achieve better environmental management in processes, products or services. Moreover, there is a need for further studies to validate the interactions presented.

Objetivo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar benefícios da implantação de sistemas de gestão ambiental ISO 14001 e Atuação Responsável®, em amostras de empresas do setor químico no Brasil, até o ano de 2002. A pesquisa buscou avaliar tanto resultados de sustentabilidade com base em indicadores, quanto práticas gerenciais das empresas, em especial práticas relacionadas a gerenciamento de produtos, conscientização de funcionários, exigências a fornecedores, entre outras. Métodos. Dados secundários fornecidos pela ABIQUIM e dados obtidos de fontes bibliográficas foram usados para análise estatística do desempenho ambiental de empresas signatárias do Atuação Responsável no ano de 2002, utilizando testes não-paramétricos. O principal indicador utilizado foi a eco-eficiência econômica. Dados primários foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com representantes de indústrias químicas no estado de São Paulo, e por consulta por meio de correio eletrônico. Foram utilizados métodos quantitativos para análise de dados qualitativos para estudo das respostas às questões das entrevistas. Resultados. Quando comparado o desempenho ambiental de empresas com e sem ISO 14001, dentre aquelas que subscrevem o Atuação Responsável®, a geração de resíduos perigosos resultou cerca de 55 por cento menor no grupo com ISO 14001, e o consumo de gás natural cerca de 50 vezes menor nesse mesmo grupo. Quando comparado o desempenho ambiental de empresas que subscrevem o programa Atuação Responsável®, classificadas por grupos de produtos, foram identificadas poucas diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Não foi possível incluir na comparação a eco-eficiência de empresas não signatárias do programa Atuação Responsável®, com ou sem ISO 14001, por insuficiência de dados, bem como dados estatísticos para 1999. As entrevistas mostraram que entre os principais benefícios obtidos pela implantação dos sistemas de gestão, quando as práticas são comparadas empresas com e sem sistemas de gestão, estão a maior freqüência e variedade de atividades de conscientização ambiental para funcionários, e maiores exigências feitas a certos tipos de fornecedores, entre outras. Conclusões. Em poucos casos foi possível identificar diferenças de desempenho ambiental. As informações para estudos comparativos de eco-eficiência são pouco disponíveis, e o uso de indicadores de eco-eficiência ainda é restrito na maioria das indústrias químicas, mesmo em empresas com sistema de gestão ambiental consolidado. Os compromissos das empresas de comunicação com partes interessadas nem sempre são mantidos. Poucas diferenças de resultados de eco-eficiência puderam ser comprovadas, para implementação de ISO 14001 nas empresas que são signatárias do Atuação Responsável® / Objective. This work has as general objective toe evaluate the benefits from the implementation of ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems and from Responsible Care in Brazilian chemical industry sector samples, till the year 2002. The research aimed at evaluating both indicator-based sustainability results and somo of their management practices, related to product stewardship, workers awareness, requirements for suppliers, and others. Methods. Secondary data provided by ABIQUIM and data from bibligraphic fonts have been used to perform the statistical analysis of Responsible Care® subscribers environmental performance, in year 2002. The main used indicator has been economic eco-efficiency. Primary data have been got by means of interviews with chemical industries representatives, in the state of são Paulo, and by means of e-mail. Quantitative methods for the analysis of qualitative data have been used to study the answers to the interviews\' questions. Results. When comparing ISO 14001 certified and non-certified companies, among those that subscribe Responsible Care®, hazardous waste generation was about 55 per cent lower in the ISO 14001 group, and the natural gas consumption about 50 times lower in this same group. Statistically significant differences have been identified in the performance related to waste management generation, around 55 per cent lower in the group of ISO 14001 certified industries, and in the natural gas consumption, 50 times lower in the same group. When comparing the Responsible Care® subscribers environmental performance, classified by product group, only a few indicators resulted statistically different. It was not possible to include non-Responsible Care® subscribers in the comparison, and also those related to the statistical information for the year 1999, because data was not enough. The interviews showed that, when the practices by the companies that operate environmental management systems are compared with companies without these systems, among the main benefits it has been found an improved amount and variety of awareness activities for employees, and more requirements for certain suppliers. Conclusions. The information for comparative studies of eco-efficiency is still not much available, and the use of eco-efficiency indicators is weak in the most chemical industries, even in those that have consolidated environmental management systems. The compromises the companies have related to the communication with stakeholders are not always maintained. Only a few differences in eco-efficiency results have been confirmed, from the implementation of ISO 14001 in Responsible Care® subscribers companies