The lecture recital was given July 22, 1974. A discussion of the tientos of Cabezon, Aguilera de Heredia, Coelho, Correa de Arauxo, and Cabanilles included an analysis of eight specific works, a comparison of styles, and information about performance practices. The eight works were then performed. In addition to the lecture recital three other public recitals were performed, consisting entirely of solo literature for the organ. The first solo recital, on July 2, 1971, included works of Titelouze, deGrigny, Franck, and Alain. The second solo recital, on June 18, 1973, consisted of works by Bach, Klebe, Bruhns, Reger, Heiller, and Liszt. The final solo program, on June 7, 1974, included works by Boyvin, Buxtehude, Mozart, Alain, and Reger. All four programs, recorded on magnetic tape, are filed, along with the written version of the lecture material, in the North Texas State University library.

Las plantas acuáticas del género Ruppia habitan lagunas costeras, salinas, humedales y aguas salinas interiores, jugando un papel ecológico clave. Estos sistemas se caracterizan por variaciones extremas de las condiciones ambientales tales como salinidad, temperatura e inundación. La compleja historia evolutiva del género Ruppia ha dificultado la delimitación de especies en el género. Estas especies han desarrollado una gran diversidad de estrategias biológicas para sobrevivir en estos ambientes extremos, tales como ciclos de vida anuales y perennes, reproducción sexual y propagación vegetativa, estrategias de polinización epihidrófila e hidroautogámica, así como autofecundación y fecundación cruzada. Además, existen diferentes vectores que pueden facilitar el flujo de genes entre las poblaciones, incluyendo corrientes marinas, aves acuáticas y peces. Estas características biológicas de Ruppia tienen una influencia importante en sus patrones de especiación, diversidad genotípica y genética, y su estructura poblacional. Por lo tanto, los análisis genéticos proporcionan información importante para delimitar especies y taxones dentro de este género, evaluar la diversidad e identificar procesos y flujos que actúan a distintas escalas temporales y espaciales. Los objetivos principales de esta tesis son: inferir los procesos evolutivos y biológicos de especiación y diversificación, y evaluar la prevalencia y estructura poblacional de especies Europeas del género Ruppia. Esta tesis se centra principalmente en las zonas costeras de la Península Ibérica, debido a la alta diversidad de especies de Ruppia registradas en esta zona geográfica, y al hecho de que en muchas ocasiones es posible encontrar poblaciones de diferentes especies en simpatría. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, en el Capítulo I, se desarrollaron y validaron diez nuevos marcadores moleculares polimórficos (es decir, microsatélites) para Ruppia cirrhosa. Adicionalmente se obtuvo amplificación cruzada con otros dos microsatélites descritos anteriormente para R. maritima. Estas herramientas moleculares son importantes para el estudio de plantas clonales y se han utilizado junto con secuencias nucleares y del cloroplasto en los siguientes capítulos. En el Capítulo II, se estudió la sistemática del género Ruppia en Iberia considerando criterios morfológicos, marcadores nucleares altamente variables (microsatélites) y secuencias nucleares (ITS) y del cloroplasto (psbA-trnH). Al realizar la filogenia utilizando marcadores con diferentes tiempos de mutación y mecanismos hereditarios, pudo identificarse el importante papel de la hibridación y la introgresión en la historia evolutiva de este género. De las tres especies tradicionalmente descritas en la Península Ibérica, se observó que R. drepanensis y R. cirrhosa se situaron en el mismo clado filogenético tanto para los marcadores nucleares como para los cloroplastos, por lo que pueden considerarse especies hermanas. R. maritima está incluida en un clado más distante filogenéticamente, apoyado por ambos marcadores. Además, dos nuevas entidades genéticas fueron identificadas, R. cf. maritima y "R. híbrido", las cuales mostraron algunas incongruencias entre los árboles filogenéticos del núcleo y del cloroplasto, así como una combinación de alelos de microsatélites que sugieren la existencia de efectos de hibridación y/o introgresión. En el Capítulo III, mediante el estudio de microsatélites en diferentes poblaciones de R. cirrhosa de la Península Ibérica y Sicilia, se detectó una fuerte estructura genética poblacional. En términos generales, se registró un bajo nivel de flujo génico, el cual fue más importante entre poblaciones geográficamente cercanas o ubicadas en el mismo cuerpo hidrológico. Además, se evaluaron diferentes hipótesis para explicar la conectividad entre las poblaciones a través de correlaciones entre distancias geográficas y genéticas, sugiriendo que el vector de dispersión más probable entre las poblaciones de R. cirrhosa en la Península Ibérica son las aves acuáticas. Al compilar los resultados del Capítulo II y el Capítulo III, se evaluaron los efectos de diferentes estrategias reproductivas sobre la diversidad genotípica y genética de Ruppia. Todas las entidades genéticas mostraron elevadas tasas de reproducción sexual. En R. cirrhosa, los mayores índices de reproducción sexual se detectaron en los hábitats más inestables hidrológicamente. Estas perturbaciones podrían promover la germinación y el establecimiento de semillas por una baja competencia interespecífica por el espacio, la luz y otros recursos existentes en praderas menos densas. Los mayores valores de diversidad genética detectados en los epihidrófilos R. drepanensis, R. cirrhosa y probablemente en “R. híbrido” (ésto no se ha confirmado) que en la hidroautogámica Ruppia cf. maritima, sugieren una fuerte influencia del modelo de polinización sobre los patrones de diversidad genética. En el Capítulo IV, R. maritima fue identificada por primera vez en Cabo Verde (Isla de Santiago) a partir de análisis morfológicos y filogenéticos. Esta información amplía la distribución geográfica de esta especie al África Occidental.

Between 1808 and 1814 England was committed to an expensive and bloody campaign against the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. The Peninsular War, as it came to be known, was initially celebrated as a war of national independence that attracted widespread support. Soon after, it was characterised by political scandal and public controversy. Literary scholars have devoted much attention to the political, social and cultural effects of the French Revolution, but have written surprisingly little about the later years of the campaign against Napoleonic France. The principle objective of this thesis is to offer the first in-depth study of English theatre during the Peninsular War. It considers the most popular plays in performance, and asks what their staging, publication, and reception history reveal about a nation’s literary tastes and its political self-awareness. Sheridan’s Pizarro, a play about the Spanish conquest of Peru, was one of the most successful plays on the Romantic stage. A close analysis of this play considers its popularity between 1799 and 1815, and what it suggests about the flexibility of the contemporary repertoire system. Audiences’ ability to ascribe topical inflections to old plays helps explain the demand for Shakespeare and the bard’s political import to wartime audiences. This thesis explores the London patent stages and popular minor theatres, where programmes were restricted to song, dance, and spectacle. It also offers a case study of provincial theatre in Bristol, underscoring the significant limitations in assumptions that the metropolitan stage was representative of national trends. Archival research on the London and Bristol stages has been crucial to this study, which is based on an examination of playbills, memoranda, letters, playtexts, and prints. The newsprint and cartoons discussed offer an important political and historical framework, suggestive of the cultural expectations likely to have influenced contemporary playgoers.

Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse était de déterminer quel est le degré de ségrégation écologique entre cinq espèces sympatriques de cétacés odontocètes (i.e. le dauphin commun Delphinus delphis, le marsouin commun Phocoena phocoena, le grand dauphin tursiops truncatus, le dauphin bleu et blanc Stenella coeruleoalba et le globicéphale noir Globicephala melas) fréquentant l’aire marine restreinte et très productive du Nord-Ouest de la Péninsule Ibérique (NOPI). Pour cela, des paramètres chimiques ont été analysés dans les tissus biologiques, en tant que “ méthode alternative ” pouvant refléter de façon précise le régime alimentaire et l’habitat de ces animaux à différents échelles de temps d’intégration, et ainsi compléter les informations apportées par des méthodes plus traditionnelles tels que l’analyse des contenus stomacaux ou des fèces, ou encore les données d’observations en mer. Le second objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’état de contamination de ces espèces, pour acquérir une base de données de référence complète les concernant et estimer le risque toxicologique auquel elles peuvent faire face. Dans ce contexte, les éléments traces, les isotopes stables du carbone et de l’azote, et les polluants organiques persistants (POPs) sont les paramètres chimiques qui ont été sélectionnés pour répondre aux objectifs fixés.Dans un premier temps, les paramètres chimiques ont été utilisés comme traceurs écologiques des populations (ou de segments de population), procurant une image du régime alimentaire et de l’habitat des espèces à différentes échelles de temps. Nous avons calculé que le réseau trophique du NOPI avait cinq niveaux trophiques, au sein duquel les espèces étudiées occupaient les plus hautes positions, comprises entre 4,3 à 5,3, et sans qu’il y ait de différence significative de position trophiques entre les espèces. Alors que l’analyse d’un seul paramètre chimique ne permettait pas ségréger les cinq espèces, les informations apportées par l’analyse de plusieurs traceurs de long terme (i.e. rapport des isotopes stables du carbone et de l’azote dans les dents et concentrations de cadmium dans les reins) ont révélé une ségrégation de leur niche écologique dans deux des dimensions possibles (les dimensions trophique et spatiale). Cependant, les variations pouvant survenir d’une année sur l’autre ou saisonnières n’ont pas pu être étudiées, excepté pour le dauphin commun, et un chevauchement temporaire des niches ne peut donc pas être totalement exclu. De plus, nous avons montré que les profils de polychlorobiphényles (PCBs) pouvaient être un traceur pertinent de l’écologie trophique d’espèces taxinomiquement proches, en permettant une séparation fine des espèces telles que le marsouin commun et le dauphin bleu et blanc, d’après les différents profiles d’accumulation de ces deux espèces.Dans un second temps, l’état de contamination des espèces dans la zone d’étude a été évalué. Les concentrations ont été interprétées à la lumière des facteurs biologiques et écologiques pouvant influencer ces concentrations, et la bioaccumulation des éléments traces s’est révélée moins prévisible que celle des POPs. Le grand dauphin et le marsouin commun présentaient les concentrations de PCBs les plus élevées par rapport aux autres cétacés odontocètes du NOPI et par rapport à d’autres individus des eaux adjacentes de l’Atlantique Nord-Est.Les résultats principaux de ce travail de thèse ont mis en évidence la pertinence d’utiliser ces paramètres chimiques comme traceurs écologiques, et leur utilité dans la compréhension de la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes à travers le rôle des prédateurs supérieurs. En combinant ces résultats à des informations concernant les activités anthropiques, ce travail peut contribuer au développement et à l’implémentation de mesures de gestion pour ces cinq espèces de cétacés odontocètes du NOPI. / The first objective of this PhD was to determine the degree of ecological segregation between five sympatric species of toothed whales (i.e. common dolphin Delphinus delphis, harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba and long finned pilot whale Globicephala melas) inhabiting a restricted and highly productive area, the North West Iberian Peninsula (NWIP). To this end, chemical parameters analyses were used as an “alternative method” of assessing diet and habitat of these animals over different periods of integration, complementing the information given by traditional methods of investigation such as stomach contents, faeces analyses and field observations. The second objective was to evaluate the contamination status of these species in order to estimate the toxicological risk these populations face and to complete the existing database. In this context, trace elements, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, as well as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were selected as chemical parameters for our investigations.Firstly, the chemical parameters were used as ecological tracers of populations (or parts of populations) by drawing an image of the diet and habitat of the species at different time scales. We estimated that the food web has five trophic levels, with toothed whales occupying the top positions, with no significant difference in trophic positions among them, ranging from 4.3 to 5.3. While the analysis of a single chemical parameter did not completely segregate between the five species, the information gained by combining the analyses of several long-term ecological tracers (i.e. nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes in teeth and renal cadmium concentrations) revealed ecological niche segregation in two dimensions of this niche (the trophic and the spatial dimensions). However, year-to-year or seasonal variations could not be investigated, except for in common dolphin, and thus temporary overlap cannot be excluded. Additionally, we showed that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) profiles could be a relevant tracer of the foraging ecology of taxonomically close species, allowing a fine separation of the species as result of their different patterns. This was particularly clear for the harbour porpoise and striped dolphin.Secondly, the contamination status of the species in this area was evaluated, with concentrations interpreted in the light of biological and ecological factors. But the bioaccumulation of trace elements appeared to be less predictable than that of POPs. Bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises were found to have higher PCBs concentrations than the rest of the analysed NWIP toothed whales, as well as those of adjacent NE Atlantic waters.The main results of this PhD highlight the relevance of exploiting these chemical parameters as ecological tracers, as well as their usefulness in the comprehensive study of structure and function of ecosystems through the role of top predators. Combined with the information on anthropogenic activities, this work can also contribute to the development and implementation of management plans and mitigation measures for these five species of toothed whales in the NWIP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Yukio Okano Vidal.pdf: 725083 bytes, checksum: 233a45b0cbccade161540de2da2994b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present dissertation discusses the work of Enrique de Villena (1348-1434), as it provides one of the best examples of the type of knowledge developed at that time in the Iberian Peninsula based on the contributions of several older civilizations. In addition to a scholar and prolific writer, Villena was a noble traveller, and a controversial character, to the point of becoming a myth. We analyzed the various interpretative layers corresponding to the historiography, which tended to focus on Villena s mythical image, as a rule. The present study also includes an analysis of Arte Cisoria, admittedly written by him, and the Alchemical Letter, whose authorship is controversial. By thus proceeding, a more complete and balanced image of Villena s work becomes possible / A presente dissertação está focada na obra de D. Enrique de Villena (1384-1434). Essa obra reflete, como poucas outras da época, a rica composição de saberes que a Península Ibérica absorveu e desenvolveu, a partir de culturas anteriores. Além de estudioso e escritor prolífero, Villena foi um nobre viandante e figura controversa, tornando-se uma lenda. Analisaremos as diversas camadas de interpretação feitas pela historiografia e, em geral, centradas nessa imagem lendária de Villena. Será também analisada a Arte Cisoria, obra reconhecidamente de sua autoria, ao lado da chamada Carta Alquímica que, para muitos, lhe teria sido falsamente atribuída. Com isso, pretendemos encontrar elementos para uma verificação mais completa e equilibrada da obra de Villena

O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar as imagens da mulher nas cantigas de escárnio e maldizer galego-portuguesas. Para caracterizar o ambiente de produção dessa poesia, usaremos como contraponto às fontes literárias uma documentação de caráter mais objetivo e descritivo: compilações legais peninsulares, As Sete Partidas, de Leão e Castela, e o Livro das Leis e Posturas e as Ordenações Afonsinas, de Portugal, numa tentativa de compreender os problemas concretos relativos ao papel social da mulher no âmbito do casamento e da herança que ensejaram a composição das cantigas satíricas. Por meio dos comentários feitos pelos trovadores, dirigidos a mulheres ou a homens a elas relacionados, buscaremos compreender os juízos de valor que norteiam sua visão dos vícios e das virtudes da figura feminina e, assim, identificar facetas da mulher que, vistas à luz do momento histórico-literário que procuramos caracterizar, perfarão nosso objetivo de descrever a figura da mulher que nos foi legada por meio das cantigas satíricas ibéricas medievais. / The goal of this research is to find womens images in the Galician-Portuguese cantigas de escárnio e maldizer. In order to characterize the ambience of production of this kind of poetry, it will be used as counterpoint to the literary fonts a more objective and descriptive documentation: the peninsular legal compilations, As Sete Partidas, from Leon and Castille, and the Livro das Leis e Posturas and the Ordenações Afonsinas, from Portugal, as an attempt to understand concrete problems related to womens social part as it is pertinent to marriage and inheritance, which instigated the writing of the satirical ballads. By means of the comments made by the troubadours, about women or men related to them, we shall seek comprehension of the value-judgments which guide their vision of the vices and virtues of the feminine figure and, thus, identify the woman facets that, seen in light of the historical-literary moment characterized, will make our objective to describe the womens images bequeath to us by the Iberian medieval satiric ballads.

La tesis aborda el problema de la conservación de la biodiversidad acuática en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares desde una doble perspectiva, estableciendo prioridades de conservación para espacios y especies utilizando inventarios de coleópteros acuáticos. En primer lugar, se evalúa si los coleópteros acuáticos pueden ser utilizados como buenos indicadores de biodiversidad en ecosistemas acuáticos mediterráneos. Posteriormente, se seleccionan áreas prioritarias para la conservación de la biodiversidad acuática usando coleópteros como indicadores. Se crea una base de datos de coleópteros acuáticos ibéricos y se evalúa tanto el esfuerzo de muestreo, como la cantidad y naturaleza de los posibles sesgos de los datos. Se ha obtenido una función basada en variables ambientales y espaciales capaz de predecir la distribución de la riqueza de especies en la Península Ibérica. Por último se identifican las especies endémicas mas amenazadas, y se evalúa la efectividad de la Red Natura 2000 en su protección. / This thesis comprises the problem of freshwater biodiversity conservation in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands using inventories of water beetles as surrogates of biodiversity. The thesis involves different approaches and methods from the double perspective of setting conservation priorities for species and areas. Firstly, the use of water beetles as reliable biodiversity indicators in Maditerranean aquatic ecosystems was assessed. Then, areas for freshwater biodiversity conservation at regional scale were selected using water beetles as biodiversity surrogates. Afterwards, a database of Iberian water beetles was compiled. The survey effort, the degree of geographical coverage and the amount and nature of bias in this database were assessed. Subsequently, a function based on environmental and spatial variables able to predict species richness distribution in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands were obtained. Lastly, the most threatened endemic water beetles were identified and the effectiveness of existing reserve network (Natura 2000) in protecting them was evaluated.

The first objective of this PhD was to determine the degree of ecological segregation between five sympatric species of toothed whales (i.e. common dolphin Delphinus delphis, harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba and long finned pilot whale Globicephala melas) inhabiting a restricted and highly productive area, the North West Iberian Peninsula (NWIP). To this end, chemical parameters analyses were used as an "alternative method" of assessing diet and habitat of these animals over different periods of integration, complementing the information given by traditional methods of investigation such as stomach contents, faeces analyses and field observations. The second objective was to evaluate the contamination status of these species in order to estimate the toxicological risk these populations face and to complete the existing database. In this context, trace elements, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, as well as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were selected as chemical parameters for our investigations.Firstly, the chemical parameters were used as ecological tracers of populations (or parts of populations) by drawing an image of the diet and habitat of the species at different time scales. We estimated that the food web has five trophic levels, with toothed whales occupying the top positions, with no significant difference in trophic positions among them, ranging from 4.3 to 5.3. While the analysis of a single chemical parameter did not completely segregate between the five species, the information gained by combining the analyses of several long-term ecological tracers (i.e. nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes in teeth and renal cadmium concentrations) revealed ecological niche segregation in two dimensions of this niche (the trophic and the spatial dimensions). However, year-to-year or seasonal variations could not be investigated, except for in common dolphin, and thus temporary overlap cannot be excluded. Additionally, we showed that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) profiles could be a relevant tracer of the foraging ecology of taxonomically close species, allowing a fine separation of the species as result of their different patterns. This was particularly clear for the harbour porpoise and striped dolphin.Secondly, the contamination status of the species in this area was evaluated, with concentrations interpreted in the light of biological and ecological factors. But the bioaccumulation of trace elements appeared to be less predictable than that of POPs. Bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises were found to have higher PCBs concentrations than the rest of the analysed NWIP toothed whales, as well as those of adjacent NE Atlantic waters.The main results of this PhD highlight the relevance of exploiting these chemical parameters as ecological tracers, as well as their usefulness in the comprehensive study of structure and function of ecosystems through the role of top predators. Combined with the information on anthropogenic activities, this work can also contribute to the development and implementation of management plans and mitigation measures for these five species of toothed whales in the NWIP.

La région de Huelva se démarque par la grande variabilité architecturale et par la singularité des monuments mégalithiques. L’étude de la région permet d'établir une séquence architecturale et une temporalité du Néolithique Récent jusqu’à l'Ancien Âge de Bronze. Pour cela, la recherche se concentre sur l'étude de trois domaines de monuments: l'architecture, la construction et les usages (funéraires, rituels et territoriaux). L'identification et la caractérisation des projets architecturaux des sites analysés (Los Llanetes et El Seminario) a été réalisée à travers une méthodologie orientée vers la connaissance des chantiers de construction, des architectures et des diachronies. La séquence architecturale de l'Andalousie occidentale comprend une temporalité du début du IVème au début du IIème millénaire av. n.è. Au cours de cette chronologie, plusieurs modèles de monuments et de rituels funéraires ont été érigés avec une variété de techniques constructives, représentant l'existence de styles régionaux ou de spécialisations locales selon les différents groupes sociaux. A titre de synthèse, la séquence régionale met en évidence le processus suivant : La construction des premiers dolmens au début du IVème millénaire cal. av. n.è, en témoignent les monuments à chambre ovale-allongée de Los Llanetes, bâtis le c. 3950-3750 cal av. n.è. Dans le sud de la péninsule, c. 3800 cal av. n., fait irruption le collectivisme funéraire comme un rituel de la mort, en développant des sépultures en dolmens à chambres simples, des tombes proto-mégalithiques, des caves-nécropoles ou des grottes sépulcrales ; La formation des dolmens à chambre-allongée, c. 3750-3650 cal av. n.è, de deux manières: a) des modèles ex novo; b) par des réaménagements et des transformations de monuments anciens, cas de Los Llanetes. La réitération de projets architecturaux similaires conditionnerait le développement de monuments allongés, comme l'a confirmé le dolmen 4 d'El Pozuelo, c. 3650-3200 cal av. n.è. Des caractéristiques et des formules architecturales similaires pourraient être présentées dans les «allées couvertes» d'Andalousie, construites pendant les siècles centraux et la seconde moitié du IVème millénaire av. n.è. ; Les dolmens à chambres doubles de Los Llanetes ont été construits sur les monuments précédents, c. 3650-3200 cal av. n.è, parallèle aux dolmens à couloir et aux structures allongées des autres zones. Les monuments à chambres multiples (El Pozuelo, Mesa de Las Huecas, Los Gabrieles, etc.) ont dû présenter des processus de transformation équivalents, étant des modèles uniques, particuliers et exclusifs de la région de Huelva et des zones environnantes ; Dans les différents monuments dolmeniques, des projets de monumentalisation ont été réalisés et des structures ont été aménagées dans les atriums et les espaces extérieurs selon les nouveaux usages rituels de l’Âge du Cuivre, c. 3300-2600 cal av. n.è, en plus de l'intégration d'autres constructions funéraires (tholoi) dans les monuments tumulaires, c. 2600-2250 cal av. n.è, cas du dolmen 2 de Los Llanetes ; La mise en place et la consolidation de trois modèles de monuments funéraires à l'Âge du Cuivre: les hypogées, les hypogées mixtes et les tholoi, comme en montré la séquence diachronique des sépultures collectives d'El Seminario, c. 3000-2400 cal av. n.è. Ces tombes partagent des éléments spatiaux et des gestes funéraires communs ; L'existence d'autres formes de monumentalité de l'Âge du Bronze Ancien, c. 2250-1950 cal av. n.è, à la suite de la réappropriation des espaces ancestraux: 1) les enceintes de terrasses du groupe de Los Llanetes; 2) le monumentalisme funéraire du Séminaire, intégrant des tombes individuelles (caves souterraines, fosses et structures à couverture tumulaire) et des tombes collectives (fosses) dans les sépultures chalcolithiques ; Réutilisation dans diverses phases de l'Âge du Bronze et dans plusieurs périodes historiques. / The area of Huelva stands out for the architectural variability and singularity of the megalithic monuments. The study of this area allows us to propose an architectural sequence and a temporality from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in western Andalusia, contrasting with the southern models of the Iberian Peninsula and contextualizing the dynamics of western European megalithism. To do this, the research focuses on the study of three spheres of monuments: architecture, construction and uses (funerary, ritual and territorial). The identification and characterization of the architectural projects of the analyzed sites (Los Llanetes and El Seminario) has been carried out through a methodology oriented to the knowledge of construction works, architectures and diachronies. The architectural sequence of western Andalusia encompasses a temporality from the beginning of the 4th millennium to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. During this chronology several models of funerary monuments and rituals erected with a variety of constructive techniques, representing the existence of regional styles or local specializations according to the different social groups. By way of synthesis, the regional sequence evidences the following process : The construction of the first dolmens at the beginning of the 4th millennium cal BC, as evidenced by the oval-elongated chamber monuments of Los Llanetes, built c. 3950-3750 cal BC. In the south of the peninsula c. 3800 cal BC burst the funerary collectivism as a ritual of death, developing burials in simple chamber dolmens, proto-megalithic tombs, necropolis-caves or sepulchral caves ; The formation of the elongated-chamber dolmens, c. 3750-3650 cal BC, through two ways: a) ex novo models; b) by processes of transformation of old monuments, case of Los Llanetes. The reiteration of similar architectural projects would condition the development of elongated monuments, as has been confirmed in the dolmen 4 of El Pozuelo, c. 3650-3200 cal BC. Characteristics and similar architectural formulas could be presented in the "covered gallery graves" of Andalusia, built during the central centuries and the second half of the 4th millennium BC ; The dual chamber dolmens of Los Llanetes were built on the previous monuments, c. 3650-3200 cal BC, parallel to the passage grave and elongated structures of other areas. The monuments of multiple chambers (El Pozuelo, Mesa de Las Huecas, Los Gabrieles, etc.) had to present equivalent transformation processes, being unique, particular and exclusive models of the area of Huelva and surrounding areas ; In the various orthostatic monuments were carry out the monumentalization projects and structures arranged in the atriums and external spaces according to the new ritual uses of the Copper Age, c. 3300-2600 cal BC, in addition to the integration of other funerary constructions (tholoi) in the tumular monuments, c. 2600-2250 cal BC, case of the dolmen 2 of Los Llanetes ; The implantation and consolidation of three models of funerary monuments in the Copper Age: hypogeums, mixed hypogeums and tholoi, as witnessed by the diachronic sequence of the collective graves of El Seminario, c. 3000-2400 cal BC. These tombs share common space elements and funerary practices ; The existence of other forms of monumentality of the Ancient Bronze Age, c. 2250-1950 cal BC, as a consequence of the reappropriation of the ancestral spaces: 1) the terrace enclosures of the Llanetes group; 2) the funerary monumentalism of El Seminario, integrating individual tombs (subterranean caves, pits and structures with tumular coverings) and collective graves (pits) in the chalcolithic tombs ; Reuse in various phases of the Bronze Age and in several historical periods.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar as imagens da mulher nas cantigas de escárnio e maldizer galego-portuguesas. Para caracterizar o ambiente de produção dessa poesia, usaremos como contraponto às fontes literárias uma documentação de caráter mais objetivo e descritivo: compilações legais peninsulares, As Sete Partidas, de Leão e Castela, e o Livro das Leis e Posturas e as Ordenações Afonsinas, de Portugal, numa tentativa de compreender os problemas concretos relativos ao papel social da mulher no âmbito do casamento e da herança que ensejaram a composição das cantigas satíricas. Por meio dos comentários feitos pelos trovadores, dirigidos a mulheres ou a homens a elas relacionados, buscaremos compreender os juízos de valor que norteiam sua visão dos vícios e das virtudes da figura feminina e, assim, identificar facetas da mulher que, vistas à luz do momento histórico-literário que procuramos caracterizar, perfarão nosso objetivo de descrever a figura da mulher que nos foi legada por meio das cantigas satíricas ibéricas medievais. / The goal of this research is to find womens images in the Galician-Portuguese cantigas de escárnio e maldizer. In order to characterize the ambience of production of this kind of poetry, it will be used as counterpoint to the literary fonts a more objective and descriptive documentation: the peninsular legal compilations, As Sete Partidas, from Leon and Castille, and the Livro das Leis e Posturas and the Ordenações Afonsinas, from Portugal, as an attempt to understand concrete problems related to womens social part as it is pertinent to marriage and inheritance, which instigated the writing of the satirical ballads. By means of the comments made by the troubadours, about women or men related to them, we shall seek comprehension of the value-judgments which guide their vision of the vices and virtues of the feminine figure and, thus, identify the woman facets that, seen in light of the historical-literary moment characterized, will make our objective to describe the womens images bequeath to us by the Iberian medieval satiric ballads.