Syftet är att undersöka möjligheter vid arbete med laserskärare i trä i slöjdämnet och vilka kunskaper som kan utvecklas med en laserskärare. Undersökningen görs med utgångspunkt i frågeställningarna: Hur kan en laserskärare användas i slöjdämnet? och Vilka kunskaper utvecklas vid användning av laserskärare jämfört med hantverkstekniker i trä i grundskolans slöjdämne? Studien är en materialnära undersökning som jämför arbetet vid tillverkning av några träföremål som görs med laserskärare och illustrationsprogrammet Illustrator och med hantverkstekniker. Empirin analyseras genom en komparativ analysmetod och utgår från ett sociomateriellt perspektiv och aspekterna: tid, kunskaper som utvecklas och egna erfarenheter under arbetet. Resultatet visar att en laserskäraren tillsammans med Illustrator kan bidra till både möjligheter och risker för slöjden. Den kan användas som en del av digital teknik i slöjdämnet och vara ett hjälpmedel för läraren, men kan även hindra andra typer av slöjdkunskaper. Lars Lindströms modell för estetiska läroprocesser användes i analysen och synliggör att en laserskärare jämfört med hantverkstekniker för att såga, skära och bearbeta material, kan bidra med olika vägar till kunskap. Laserskäraren utvecklar kunskaper inom digital teknik medan hantverksteknikerna utvecklar kunskap inom flera tekniker, verktyg och maskiner.

I detta arbete illustrerar jag den buddhistiska tanke som kallas pratityasamutpada, som saknar svensk översättning men på engelska kallas dependent origination och handlar om att alla fenomen uppkommit på grund av andra fenomen. För detta ritar jag på frihand i Photoshop ett flertal svarta cirklar med låg opacitet som jag placerar delvis omlott. Där cirklarna överlappar skapas en ny cirkel, som alltså uppkommit av andra cirklar. Jag prövar mig fram genom att ändra cirklarnas bredd, opacitet och antal. Därefter gör jag om det hela i Illustrator, men med cirklar ritade med cirkelfunktionen snarare än på frihand. Detta prövar jag sedan med cirklar i olika färger som är både medvetet och slumpmässigt utvalda. Jag kommer fram till att de svarta cirklarna som ritats i Illustrator var de som bäst uppnådde mitt mål. Jag märker att själva arbetsprocessen kan illustrera flera andra buddhistiska tankar, vilket jag gör under den slutgiltiga utställningen med hjälp av work-in-progress-bilder och förklarande texter som jag skriver ut och hänger upp, och genom att själv närvara och förklara. / In this paper I illustrate the Buddhist concept of pratityasamutpada or dependent origination, the notion that all phenomena have arisen from other phenomena. For this I use Photoshop to freehand-draw a number of black low-opacity circles which I place on top of one another, partly overlapping. Where the circles overlap, a new circle is formed that’s arisen from the other circles. I’m testing out different variations by varying the circles’ opacity, width and number. After that, I re-do it all in Illustrator, but rather than drawing the circles free-hand I use the circle function. I then experiment with changing the colors of the circles, trying both deliberately and randomly chosen colors. Afterwards I conclude that the black Illustrator circles best fit my goals. While working I discover that the work process itself can be said to illustrate several other Buddhist notions; during the final exhibition I show these using printed-out copies of the images and of explanatory texts, as well as by being there in person to explain my design.

The picture book is an artistic medium is part of literature, especially of children’s literature. This discussion of the picture book extends to the dynamic between author and illustrator, and interactions between the verbal and the visual, as described by contemporary researchers, such as Maria Nikolajeva, Lawrence R. Sipe, and Carole Scott. Most of them were not picture book creators, so the voice of the picture book’s creator is easily overlooked. To fill the gap between the researcher and the creator, this project explores the creative process of the picture book by studio-art research. This project is concerned with the creation process of a picture book, presenting a coherent overview of an approach to creating an artist’s picture book, especially in the idea of development through both visual and narrative by two methods: research and practice. This thesis demonstrates my framework of creating an artistic picture book, Little Mouse. Chapter one discusses the methodology of the studio-art research, compares practical-led research and practical-based research, and identifies my multicultural background, to set the foundation of this project. In Chapter two, I applied a part of practical-led methodology to adapt and transfer a range of sources from history, theory, literature and popular culture to build up and enhance the depth of my concept of Little Mouse, which encompasses and analyses my core interest - a life-changing journey. Chapter three discusses how I applied practical-based methodology to reflect the progress of the practical work of making Little Mouse, particularly focusing on how framed a fiction story, and discussing step by step my approach to illustration practice. In the last chapter, I tested my potential readers to review whether my work succeeded in communicating and delivering my visual research in the form of my finished book. This project hybridizes multicultural sources to form a contemporary picture book which blurs the boundaries between illustrator/writer and reality/fiction. This also provides a case study of the picture book for bridging research and picture book’s creator and demonstrates a process of understanding and interpreting creative activities.

El propósito de este estudio fue elaborar una propuesta didáctica para promover el aprendizaje de tipografía-lettering en estudiantes de una escuela de nivel superior, mediante el uso del software adobe illustrator. La metodología utilizada es de enfoque cuantitativo, se aplicó un cuestionario como instrumento de recojo de datos, para identificar el estado actual y niveles de aprendizaje de los estudiantes en tipografía-lettering. Se trabajó con toda la población conformada por 104 estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron que éstos, reconocen la importancia del uso del software para la construcción gráfica y la eficiencia del proceso de arquitectura tipográfica. La propuesta didáctica se compone de cuatro etapas: Evolución, composición-connotación, caligrafía-lettering y refuerzos tipográficos y se fundamenta en la teoría andragógica, el enfoque comunicativo de Munari y el de Martina y Monzó. Se sugirió la integración de la metodología práctica propuesta en el plan de estudios, el desarrollo de talleres o cursos que incorporen el uso de adobe illustrator y la formación docente en el manejo de esta herramienta para el diseño tipográfico. Además, se recomienda la práctica de diferentes estilos y fuentes de tipografía, así como la integración del diseño tipográfico en la estrategia de marketing. En conclusión, la propuesta didáctica de adobe illustrator para promover el aprendizaje de tipografía-lettering en estudiantes de una escuela de nivel superior es una herramienta útil y eficiente para el diseño gráfico y la comunicación visual. / The purpose of this study was to develop a didactic proposal to promote the learning of typography-lettering in students of a higher level school, through the use of adobe illustrator software. The methodology used is a quantitative approach, a questionnaire was applied as a data collection instrument to identify the current state and learning levels of students in typography-lettering. We worked with the entire population made up of 104 students. The results indicated that they recognize the importance of using software for graphic construction and the efficiency of the typographic architecture process. The didactic proposal is made up of four stages: Evolution, composition-connotation, calligraphy-lettering and typographic reinforcements and is based on andragogical theory, the communicative approach of Munari and that of Martina and Monzó. The integration of the proposed practical methodology into the curriculum, the development of workshops or courses that incorporate the use of adobe Illustrator and teacher training in the use of this tool for typographic design were suggested. In addition, the practice of different typography styles and fonts is recommended, as well as the integration of typographic design into the marketing strategy. In conclusion, the teaching proposal of adobe Illustrator to promote the learning of typography-lettering in students of a higher-level school is a useful and efficient tool for graphic design and visual communication.

Målet med detta examensarbete har varit att ge en överblick över de parametrar som påverkar möjligheten att upprätta ett färghanterat arbetsflöde. Ett färghanterat arbetsflöde ger möjlighet att förutsäga färgåtergivningen i trycksaker via softproof – skärmkorrektur. Examensarbetet belyser de problem och fallgropar som finns i arbetsflödet och hur de kan påverka relevansen för en bedömning av tryckresultat via softproof. Examensarbetet behandlar hur färgåtergivningen påverkas av betraktningsljus och omgivningsljus samt vikten av att arbeta med en kalibrerad bildskärm – en förutsättning för att kunna utföra en färgriktig softproof. Som utgångspunkt för examensarbetet har arbetsflödet på fyra företag i branschen använts och hur väl de uppfyller gällande standarder, ISO 3664 och ISO 12646. Genom ett visuellt test som utarbetats inom examensarbetet har arbetsmiljöns påverkan på färgseendet kunnat påvisas. Testet kan ge en vägledning om hur avvikelser från ISO 3664 och ISO 12646 i arbetsmiljön påverkar bedömningen av färger vid softproof och provtryck.

(in English): The diploma thesis focuses on the Czech contemporary scientific zoological illustration since 20th century till today. In the beginning it describes history and development of the scientific zoological illustration in Czech Republic. The main part of the thesis describes in detail the scientific zoological illustration in period since the 20th century till today. It reveals it's form, influences, techniques used and the work of it's main representatives. Thesis introduces realistic zoological illustration as used in professional and educational literature. It will try to uncover influence of computer-created imagery to conventional artistic techniques in the scientific zoological illustration. It will bring attention to the role of the scientific realistic illustration as well as its possibility to go beyond the educational purpose to boost reader's affinity for nature. It weighs the overall importance of the contemporary scientific zoological illustration.

[pt] Quando alguém faz a escolha de se tornar um ilustrador profissional provavelmente passará por vários questionamentos sobre que caminhos seguir, que faculdade escolher, se deve ou não fazê-la, que cursos são necessários realizar etc. No Brasil, de acordo com os dados apresentados na presente pesquisa, quase não há o oferecimento de um ensino universitário para a formação acadêmica do ilustrador. Entretanto, mesmo não havendo praticamente a oferta de uma graduação, foi observado que a maioria dos ilustradores profissionais e futuros ilustradores optaram em ter, sim, uma formação de nível superior, sendo o Design o curso de maior escolha desse público. Dessa forma, com o intuito de entender o cenário brasileiro de formação acadêmica para o ilustrador, além da busca por documentos e conteúdos bibliográficos relacionados à área, foi realizado um questionário com ilustradores profissionais e futuros ilustradores de todas as regiões do Brasil e entrevistas com professores universitários. Para a organização dos dados obtidos a partir das falas desses participantes, foi utilizado o instrumento da análise de conteúdo a fim de categorizar tais informações que não só servem para a reflexão de uma futura construção de fundamentos para o estudo da ilustração, mas que aqui foram utilizados para a construção de um mapa de conteúdos sobre área a fim de servir como guia de estudo a futuros ilustradores de maneira autônoma, bem como uma possibilidade de auxiliar cursos ou universidades no planejamento de quais conteúdos ensinar em cursos (acadêmicos ou não) sobre ilustração. Além disso, a presente tese pretende também chamar a atenção de pesquisadores para a necessidade de haver mais investigações sobre este campo de conhecimento e, com isso, de alguma forma ajudar aqueles que querem seguir a carreira de ilustrador profissionalmente. / [en] Individuals who choose to become professional illustrators will probably go through several questions such as: which university to choos, which courses to take, which paths to follow. In Brazil, according to data presented in this research, there is not a consolidated university education offer specifically for academic training as an illustrator. However, even though there is no offer of this undergraduation, it was observed that most professional illustrators and future illustrators choose to pursue academic training, and Design is the most common choice for this audience. In order to understand the Brazilian scenario of academic education for the illustrators, besides the search for documents and bibliographical contents related to the area, questionnaires were conducted with professional illustrators and future illustrators from all regions of Brazil and interviews with university professors of the Design course. On the data collected from the speeches of these participants, it was used the analysis of content to find topics and interesting subjects about the area. These indications not only serve for a future construction of fundamentals for the study of illustration, as well as for building a first proposal for a course aimed at this audience, according to their own speeches. In addition, this thesis is also intended to draw the attention of researchers to the need for more research on this field and somehow help those who want to pursue the career of illustrator professionally.

The purpose of this study is to investigate what the picture book's paratext tells us. The study focuses on aspects such as whether the cover and the story match, and whether the paratext text gives a true and fair view of the contents of the picture book. The study also includes a gender aspect that highlights whether the paratext is different depending on whether it is a male or female illustrator, and a time aspect based on differences in paratexts depending on the year of publication. The method used to carry out the study is a text and image analysis of ten different picture books for children.The survey shows that the picture book's paratext informs the reader about the action in the picture book as well as how the book of the picture book and the story have been related to each other. The survey also shows that the text of the picture book differs depending on the year in which it is published. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad bilderbokens paratext berättar. Undersökningen fokuserar på aspekter som om omslag och handling stämmer överens och om paratexten ger en rättvisande bild av bilderbokens innehåll. Studien innefattar även en genusaspekt som belyser huruvida paratexten skiljer sig beroende på om det är en manlig eller kvinnlig illustratör, samt en tidsaspekt utifrån skillnader i paratexter beroende på utgivningsår. Metoden som har använts för att genomföra studien är en text- och bildanalys av tio olika bilderböcker för barn.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att bilderbokens paratext informerar läsaren om handlingen i bilderboken samt hur bilderbokens paratext och handling har förhållit sig till varandra. Undersökningen visar också att bilderbokens paratext skiljer sig beroende på under vilket år den är utgiven.

Many people believe that the analogue picture book is a dying media due to the increase of digital media. Contrary to popular belief, the publishing of children’s book in Sweden is continually increasing, which makes mapping the field quite significant. But to regulate the creation of a children’s picture book is problematic, because one does not want to impede the personal style of the writer or the illustrator of the children’s book. If the children’s book creator has an understanding of how to better communicate with children, the children’s book might have a grater impact on the child. Little research has been performed on what one should think about when creating a children’s book, which makes this study highly relevant. My approach to the problem was to make a literature review over preceding research and to test the different directives, by creating an original children’s picture book and then testing the book, and thereby the directives, on the targeted audience. Consequently the picture book and the associated data gathered, suggest 20 design guidelines for picture books for children between 3 and 6 years. Each subcategory, of the guidelines suggested, should be investigated to confirm validity and reliability. / Att digitala medier tar allt större plats i människors liv har lett till att många tror att den analoga barnboken är ett utdöende medium. Dock har utgivningen av analoga barnböcker ökat i Sverige de senaste åren, vilket indikerar motsatsen. Detta gör att en kartläggning av ämnesområdet både blir relevant och angeläget. Däremot är det problematiskt att ta fram riktlinjer för bilderboken då riktlinjerna inte bör hämma barnbokskapares personliga stil, utan snarare underlätta för dem. Min tro är att om barnboksskapare vet hur de på bästa sätt kan kommunicera med barn, kan barnboken göra ett djupare intryck på barnet. Det finns inte mycket forskning om vad man som barnboksförfattare eller illustratör bör tänka på vid skapandet av en barnbok, vilket gör denna studie betydelsefull. Studien genomfördes genom att jag gjorde en litteraturgenomgång av tidigare forskning samt testade de teorier som forskningen föreslår genom att använda mig av dem vid skapandet av en egen bilderbok. Därefter testade jag bilderboken på målgruppen för att se om bilderboken var barnanpassad. Min undersökning resulterade i 20 designriktlinjer för skapandet av en bilderbok för barn mellan 3 och 6 år. Riktlinjerna är indelade i tre underkategorier: format och layout, bilduppbyggnad och text. Den praktiska delen av mitt arbete är en bilderbok som bygger på dessa riktlinjer. Min förhoppning är att genom att följa dessa designriktlinjer blir barnboksskapare mer medvetna om hur deras barnbok bättre kan kommunicera med barn.

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como tema o potencial da ilustração jornalística nos jornais multiplataforma que incluem a versão mobile para o acesso por dispositivos móveis. A pesquisa busca compreender como o ambiente multiplataforma impacta a ilustração e que motivos levam essa ilustração a vir perdendo espaço entre as imagens jornalísticas, gerando dificuldades para sua inserção na versão dos jornais em smartphones. Para tanto, foram realizados uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema; entrevistas com 40 profissionais de jornais brasileiros (ilustradores e editores); além de um levantamento e análise documental de conteúdo jornalístico ilustrado para jornais digitais e impressos produzidos no período da pesquisa. A pesquisa buscou: identificar as funções da ilustração jornalística; compreender como o ilustrador se insere na rotina produtiva do jornalismo; refletir sobre aspectos do design, layout e composição na produção e apreciação da ilustração; identificar e compreender desafios técnicos presentes na produção e experiência da ilustração em smartphones (versões mobile); e compreender como o campo profissional percebe a ilustração e o ofício de ilustrador de jornais hoje. Foi considerada Ilustração jornalística toda imagem realizada por profissional Ilustrador para jornais diários, incluindo o Desenho de Humor – Caricatura, Charge, Cartum e História em quadrinhos – e todo desenho que visa ilustrar conteúdo opinativo no jornalismo, assim como a Ilustração para Infografia-Ilustrada. Imagens fotográficas e aquelas com função objetiva no jornalismo informativo, como os infográficos de dados, não foram contemplados. / [en] This research is focused on the potential of news and editorial illustration on multiplatform newspapers that include a mobile version for smartphone access. The study aims at comprehending how the multiplatform news setting impacts illustration and for what reasons is illustration losing ground among other images on newspapers, making it difficult for its insertion on the mobile versions of them. Our study undertook a literature review on the subject and interviewed 40 brazilian professionals from the news industry (illustrators and art editors). Documental research and analysis of illustrated material published during the years of development was also included. The study strove to: identify the functions of newspaper illustrations; to understand how the illustrator fits into today s news routines; to reflect on elements of design, layout and composition in the production and appreciation of illustration; to identify and understand technical challenges for the experience of illustration on smartphones (mobile versions); and to understand how the field of work realizes newspaper illustration and its craft today. Every image produced by a professional illustrator for daily news was considered news illustration, including cartooning – editorial cartoons, caricature and comics – and all drawing illustrating content in opinion journalism as well as information graphics that include illustration. Photographic images and those with an objetive role in information journalism, as well as graphics and data visualization, were not included.