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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Valor do teste de dosagem do Dímero - D plasmático no diagnóstico do tromboembolismo venoso agudo / Value of measure plasmatic D Dimer test to diagnosis of the acute thrombolism venous

Luciana Pereira de Almeida de Piano 29 October 2007 (has links)
Introdução: A doença tromboembólica é um distúrbio complexo multicausal com sinais e sintomas inespecíficos, confundindo-se com outras enfermidades. Devido à sua gravidade buscam-se estratégias objetivando obter um diagnóstico precoce. O teste de dosagem do dímero - D plasmático parece ser uma alternativa para exclusão do diagnóstico de tromboembolismo venoso agudo. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor do teste de dosagem de dímero - D plasmático, utilizando o método Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), na rotina diagnóstica de tromboembolismo venoso agudo. Métodos: Em 89 pacientes com sinais e sintomas sugestivos de tromboembolismo pulmonar e/ou trombose venosa profunda foram realizadas dosagens do dímero - D pela técnica ELFA no equipamento VIDAS® - BioMérieux. Foram calculados os valores da sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo e acurácia do teste, bem como a curva ROC da amostra estudada. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame por imagem para confirmação do evento tromboembólico agudo. Foi calculado o índice kappa para analisar o resultado do teste dímero - D versus resultados de exames por imagem. Resultados: Entre os 89 pacientes estudados (média de idade 54,3 anos; 51 mulheres), 36 (40,4%) apresentaram TEV e 53 não apresentaram trombose aguda (59,6%). Entre os pacientes sem trombose aguda 15 (28,3%) apresentaram resultado de dímero - D negativo. Todos pacientes com trombose apresentaram resultado de dímero - D positivo. O teste apresentou sensibilidade de 100%; especificidade de 28,3%; valor preditivo positivo de 48,6%; valor preditivo negativo de 100% e exatidão de 57,3%. A ASC para a amostra total estudada foi igual a 0,734, indicando que o teste é um bom preditor de trombose aguda. O valor do índice kappa para a amostra total foi igual a 0,24 (p<0,001), indicando uma concordância fraca entre dímero - D e diagnóstico confirmatório de trombose. Conclusão: A dosagem do dímero - D pelo método ELFA foi capaz de excluir o diagnóstico de tromboembolismo venoso agudo nessa amostra estudada. Os resultados obtidos nessa amostra estudada permitiram concluir que o uso do teste dímero - D em pacientes com suspeita de tromboembolismo venoso revelou alta sensibilidade no diagnóstico dessa enfermidade. / Introduction: The thromboembolic disease is a multicausal complex disturb with signals and symptoms that confusing itself with other diseases. Because its gravity strategies search objecting to get a faster diagnosis. The measure plasmatic D dimer test seems to be an alternative for exclusion of the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism. Objectives: To evaluate the value of the measure plasmatic D dimer test, using the method Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), in the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism. Methods: In 89 patients with signals and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary thromboembolism and/or deep vein thrombosis had been carried through measure D dimer by technique ELFA equipment VIDAS® - BioMérieux. The values of sensibility, accuracy specificity, predictive values positive and negative and of the test had been calculated, as well as curve ROC of the sample studied. All the patients had been submitted the image exams for the confirmation of the acute thromboembolism event. It was calculated kappa ratio to compare D dimer test results with image exams results. Results: Between 89 studied patients (mean of age 54.3 years; 51 women), 36 (40.4%) they had presented and 53 had not presented acute thrombosis (59.6%). It enters the patients without acute thromboembolism 15 (28.3%) had presented resulted negative of D dimer. All patients with thrombosis had presented resulted positive of D dimer. The test presented 100% sensibility; 28.3% of specificity; positive predictive value was 48.6%; 100% of negative predictive value and accuracy value was 57.3%. The area under the curve (AUC) to total sample studied was 0.734, it was showed that the test have a good prediction to acute thrombosis. The kappa ratio value was 0.24 (p<0.001) showing a bad concordat n to thrombosis diagnostic. Conclusion: The measure of D dimer by method ELFA was able to exclude the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism in this sample studied. The results obtained in this sample studied let to conclude that the D dimer test in patients with suspected of acute thromboembolism presented high sensibility to diagnostic of this disease.
232

Aplicação de ensaio imunoenzimático para detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus respiratório sincicial em repectores de transplante de células tronco-hematopoéticas / Enzime-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

José de Paula Paz Junior 18 August 2008 (has links)
O vírus respiratório sincicial (RSV) é responsável por importante morbidade em receptores de transplante de células tronco-hematopoéticas (TCTH), especialmente no período que antecede a enxertia. A imunidade induzida pela infecção pelo RSV é transitória e as reinfecções são freqüentes. O comportamento e papel dos anticorpos anti-RSV em receptores de TCTH é desconhecido. Em amostras de soro estocadas, ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) foi aplicado para detecção de anticorpos anti-RSV para avaliar a dinâmica desses anticorpos antes e após o TCTH, em pacientes com e sem infecção pelo RSV, bem como a resposta de anticorpos específicos nos pacientes com infecção pelo RSV diagnosticada por imunofluorescência direta. A mediana do tempo de coleta das amostras pré-TCTH foi de -35 e -44 dias nos casos e controles, respectivamente, com média de títulos de anticorpos anti-RSV de 2490 UA/mL e 2872 UA/mL, respectivamente. Após o transplante, as medianas de tempo das 3 amostras analisadas dos pacientes com infecção pelo RSV foram d+14, d+52 e d+89 e os respectivos títulos de anticorpos foram 2457 UA/mL, 2715 UA/mL e 2950 UA/mL. Nos pacientes sem infecção pelo RSV (controles), as medianas de tempo das 3 amostras analisadas foram d+9, d+69 e d+93 e os respectivos títulos de anticorpos foram 2738 UA/mL, 2794 UA/mL e 2642 UA/mL. Não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos. Nenhum dos pacientes com infecção pelo RSV apresentou elevação de quatro vezes nos títulos de anticorpos / Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality in haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, especially when upper respiratory tract infection (RTI) progresses to lower RTI, which is expected to occur in more than 50% of the patients. The humoral immunity induced by RSV infection is transient and reinfections are frequent. The dynamics and role of anti-RSV antibodies in HSCT recipients are unknown. In stored serum samples, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) was applied to evaluate the dynamics of anti-RSV antibodies in HSCT recipients with and without RSV infection, as well as the specific humoral response in HSCT recipients with RSV infection diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent assay in nasal wash samples. Pre-transplant samples were selected at a median time of 35 and 44 days and the mean concentration of RSV antibodies were 2490 AU/mL and 2872 AU/mL, in cases and controls, respectively. After HSCT, serum samples from patients with RSV infection (cases) were evaluated at median time of 14, 52 and 89 days, and the respective mean concentrations of anti- RSV antibodies were 2457 AU/mL, 2715 AU/mL and 2950 AU/mL. In patients without RSV (controls), serum samples were evaluated at median time of 9, 69 and 93 days, and the respective mean concentrations of anti-RSV antibodies were 2738 AU/mL, 2794 AU/mL e 2642 AU/mL. Difference was not statistically significant. No patient developed a four-fold rise in RSV antibody titers
233

Biomarcadores de risco cardiovascular em pacientes HIV positivos tratados e não tratados com terapia antirretroviral / Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in HIV-positive patients treated and untreated with antiretroviral therapy.

Luciane Marzzullo Cicarelli 30 September 2016 (has links)
No advento dos antirretrovirais potentes, os indivíduos infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) começaram a apresentar risco maior para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular (DCV). Este aumento do risco cardiovascular pode ser associado tanto à infecção viral quanto ao tratamento antirretroviral (TARV), que provocam mudanças pró-aterogênicas como o aumento do colesterol total e da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), além da diminuição da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL). A ativação imune e as alterações lipídicas são mecanismos associados com a infecção pelo HIV e com o risco de DCV. Este trabalho utilizou ensaios imunoenzimáticos para a determinação plasmática de biomarcadores emergentes de risco cardiovascular relacionados com modificações da lipoproteína de baixa densidade, a saber: LDL eletronegativa [LDL(-)] e formas oxidadas da LDL, ou seja, LDL-oxi (resíduos lisina da apolipoproteína B100 modificados com malondialdeído), LDL-HNE (resíduos lisina da ApoB100 modificados com 4-hidroxinonenal) e LDL-CML (resíduos lisina da ApoB100 modificados por carboximetila), além de biomarcadores relacionados com a resposta imune-inflamatória, ou seja, autoanticorpos IgG e IgM anti-LDL(-), imunocomplexo de LDL(-) [IC-LDL(-)], proteína amiloide sérica A (SAA) e mieloperoxidase (MPO). Também foram determinadas as concentrações séricas dos biomarcadores de risco relacionados às apolipoproteínas: apolipoproteína A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoproteína B (ApoB) e apolipoproteína E (ApoE). A população estudada incluiu indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV, tratados (HIV-TARV) e não tratados (HIV-NT) com terapia antirretroviral e indivíduos sem infecção pelo HIV (controle). Não foram identificadas diferenças para as concentrações de LDL(-), IC-LDL(-), anti- LDL(-)-IgM, SAA, ApoA-I, ApoB e ApoE entre os grupos estudados (HIV-TARV, HIV-NT e controle). A ApoA-I correlacionou-se positivamente com ApoB e ApoE (rs= 0,418 e rs= 0,347, Spearman, p<0,01) e a ApoB com a ApoE (rs= 0,286, Spearman, p<0,01). Verificou-se correlação inversa entre as concentrações de LDL(-) e IC-LDL(-) (rs= -0,214, Spearman, p<0,05). Os níveis de anti-LDL(-)-IgG correlacionaram-se positivamente com IC-LDL(-) e anti-LDL(-)-IgM (rs= 0,240, Spearman, p<0,05 e rs= 0,348, Spearman, p<0,01). As concentrações de LDL-CML correlacionaram-se positivamente com LDL(-), LDL-oxi, LDL-HNE e IC-LDL(-) (rs= 0,212, Spearman, p<0,05; rs= 0,214, Spearman, p<0,05; rs= 0,573, Spearman, p<0,01 e rs= 0,219, Spearman, p<0,05). O grupo HIV-NT apresentou níveis mais elevados de anticorpos anti-LDL(-)-IgG comparado ao grupo controle (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). Em contraste, observou-se no grupo HIV-NT diminuição das concentrações de MPO, LDL-HNE e LDL-CML em relação ao grupo controle (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). A comparação dos grupos HIV-NT e HIV-TARV demonstrou que o TARV promoveu diminuição das concentrações dos anticorpos anti-LDL(-)-IgG e aumentou os níveis de LDL-oxi (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). O grupo HIV-TARV apresentou aumento das concentrações de LDL-oxi e diminuição dos níveis de MPO, LDL-HNE e LDL-CML em relação ao controle (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). Em conclusão, a infecção pelo HIV modificou o biomarcador de inflamação MPO e o perfil de biomarcadores relacionados às modificações da LDL (menor formação de LDL-HNE e LDL-CML), além aumentar a resposta imune-humoral à LDL eletronegativa [anti-LDL(-)-IgG], enquanto o tratamento com antirretrovirais inibiu esta resposta. Os outros biomarcadores estudados não foram modificados pela infecção viral ou pelo tratamento antirretroviral. / In the advent of potent antiretroviral therapy, individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have showed an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (DCV). Studies have discussed that the increased risk may be related to both the disease and antiretroviral treatment (TARV), that produced pro-atherogenic changes such as increased of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high density lipoprotein. The immune activation and the lipid modifications are well known mechanisms related to HIV infection and the risk of DCV. This study used immunoassays for plasma quantification for emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular risk related to modification of low density lipoprotein: electronegative LDL [LDL(-)] and oxidized forms of LDL, LDL-oxi (lysine residues of apolipoprotein B100 modified by malondialdehyde), LDL-HNE (lysine residues of ApoB100 modified by 4-hydroxynonenal) and LDL-CML (lysine residues of ApoB100 modified by carboxymethyl) and biomarkers associated to immune and inflammatory responses, IgG and IgM autoantibodies anti-LDL(-) and immunecomplexe of LDL(-) [IC-LDL(-)], serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Also, were determined serum concentrations of risk biomarkers related to apolipoproteins: apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). The studied population included patients with HIV infection, treated (HIV-TARV) and untreated (HIV-NT) with antiretroviral therapy and individuals without HIV infection (controle). No differences were identified for concentrations of LDL(-), ICLDL(-), anti-LDL(-)-IgM, SAA, ApoA-I, ApoB and ApoE between studied groups (HIV-TARV, HIV-NT and controle). The ApoA-I was positively correlated to ApoB and ApoE (rs= 0,418 e rs= 0,347, Spearman, p<0,01) and ApoB to ApoE (rs= 0,286, Spearman, p<0,01). There was an inverted correlation between LDL(-) and IC-LDL(-) (rs= -0.214, Spearman, p<0,05). The levels of anti-LDL(-)-IgG were positively correlated to IC-LDL(-) and antibodies anti-LDL(-)-IgM (rs= 0.240; Spearman; p <0.05 and rs= 0.348; Spearman; p <0.01). The concentrations of LDL-CML were positively correlated to LDL(-), LDL-oxi, LDL-HNE e IC-LDL(-) (rs= 0,212, Spearman, p<0,05; rs= 0,214, Spearman, p<0,05; rs= 0,573, Spearman, p<0,01 e rs= 0,219, Spearman, p<0,05). The HIV-NT group showed higher levels of anti-LDL(-)-IgG compared to Control group (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). In contrast, was observed lower levels for HIV-NT group to MPO, LDL-HNE and LDL-CML when compared to Control group (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). The comparison of HIV-NT and HIV-TARV groups demonstrated that TARV caused a decrease of concentrations of anti-LDL(-)-IgG antibodies and an increased of LDL-oxi levels (Kruskal-Wallis, p <0.01). The HIV-TARV group showed increased LDL-oxi concentrations and decreased at levels of MPO, LDL-HNE e LDL-CML when compared to Control (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0,01). In conclusion, the HIV infection changed the biomarker of inflammation MPO and the profile of biomarkers related to modifications of LDL (lower concentrations of LDL-HNE and LDL-CML), as well as increased the humoral-immune response to electronegative LDL [anti-LDL(-)-IgG], while treatment with antiretroviral therapy inhibited this response. The other studied biomarkers were not modified either by viral infection or antiretroviral treatment.
234

Estudo da substância P e do peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina em amostras do couro cabeludo e séricas de pacientes com líquen plano pilar e alopecia frontal fibrosante / Study of the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the scalp and serum samples from patients with lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia

Isabella Ibrahim Doche Soares 02 February 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Líquen plano pilar (LPP) e alopecia frontal fibrosante (AFF) são alopecias cicatriciais linfocíticas crônicas, caracterizadas pela destruição permanente da unidade pilossebácea. Neuropeptídeos como a substância P (SP) e o peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina (CGRP) têm sido implicados no metabolismo lipídico das glândulas sebáceas e na manutenção do estado inflamatório de diversas doenças. OBJETIVOS: 1. Quantificar e comparar a expressão dos neuropeptídeos SP e CGRP em amostras do couro cabeludo (áreas afetadas e aparentemente não afetadas) e séricas de pacientes com LPP e AFF, em relação a indivíduos sadios, utilizando a técnica de ELISA. 2. Analisar áreas afetadas e aparentemente não afetadas de pacientes com LPP e AFF através da imunofluorescência direta (IFD). MÉTODO: 20 pacientes (10 com LPP e 10 com AFF) e 11 indivíduos sadios foram submetidos a biópsias com punch de 4mm do couro cabeludo e coleta de amostras sanguíneas. Pacientes foram submetidos a biópsias das áreas afetadas e aparentemente não afetadas do couro cabeludo, as quais foram pareadas com amostras da região anterior e posterior do couro cabeludo dos indivíduos-controle. As amostras dos pacientes foram enviadas para análise histopatológica, IFD e teste de ELISA para SP e CGRP. As amostras dos controles foram submetidas à análise histopatológica e aos mesmos testes de ELISA. Sintomas (dor, prurido, queimação e formigamento) e sinais inflamatórios (eritema difuso, eritema peripilar e descamação peripilar) na região afetada dos pacientes também foram avaliados. Este estudo foi realizado nas Universidades de São Paulo (BRA) e de Minnesota (EUA), entre os anos de 2012 e 2014. RESULTADOS: A análise histopatológica evidenciou infiltrado perifolicular linfocítico típico em 70% das áreas aparentemente não afetadas do couro cabeludo de pacientes com LPP e AFF, além de fibrose e depósitos de mucina perifoliculares. Em relação à IFD, o resultado se mostrou positivo em 50% das amostras das áreas afetadas e em 40% das áreas aparentemente não afetadas dos pacientes com LPP, em comparação a 40% e 20% nos casos de AFF, respectivamente. No teste de ELISA, pacientes do grupo LPP e infiltrado histopatológico de moderado a intenso na área afetada, demonstraram maior expressão de SP na área afetada, em comparação àquela aparentemente não afetada (P=0,046). Já pacientes do grupo AFF com o mesmo grau histopatológico de inflamação, demonstraram maior expressão de SP na área aparentemente não afetada, em comparação à área afetada (P=0,050). No teste de ELISA para CGRP, pacientes com LPP e inflamação histopatológica de leve a ausente na área afetada, tiveram maior expressão deste neuropeptídeo na área aparentemente não afetada, em comparação à área afetada (P=0,048). Por outro lado, pacientes com AFF que tinham o mesmo grau de inflamação histopatológica, a expressão deste neuropeptídeo foi favorecida na área afetada, em relação àquela aparentemente não afetada (P=0,050). Todas as amostras séricas dos pacientes e controles e do couro cabeludo dos indivíduos-controle tiveram resultados indetectáveis para SP e CGRP no teste de ELISA. Nenhuma relação entre sinais e sintomas inflamatórios e expressão de SP e CGRP no teste de ELISA foi vista. CONCLUSÃO: O acometimento das áreas aparentemente não afetadas do couro cabeludo de pacientes com LPP e AFF ao exame histopatológico, sugere que ambas as doenças possam acometer de forma difusa esta região. Apesar da semelhança dos achados histopatológicos entre pacientes com LPP e AFF, resultados antagônicos dos neuropeptídeos encontrados no teste de ELISA apontam para mecanismos fisiopatogênicos distintos. A inflamação neurogênica poderia explicar a sintomatologia e contribuir para a patogênese destas doenças / INTRODUCTION: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecias characterized by permanent destruction of the pilossebaceous unit. Neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are related to lipid metabolism in sebaceous glands and to the maintenance of many inflammatory chronic disorders. OBJECTIVES: 1. Quantify SP and CGRP expression in affected and in normal-appearing scalp areas and serum samples from patients with LPP and FFA, and compare to healthy controls using ELISA technique. 2. Compare affected and normal-appearing areas from patients with LPP and FFA, using direct immunofluoresce (DIF) technique. METHODS: Twenty patients (10 with LPP and 10 with FFA) and eleven healthy controls underwent 4mm-punch biopsies and blood extraction. Patients collected samples from affected and normal-appearing scalp areas, and controls collected from anterior and posterior scalp areas. Patients samples were sent to histopathologic examination, DIF and ELISA tests for SP and CGRP detection. Control samples were sent to histopathologic examination and to the same ELISA tests. Symptoms (pain, burning, itching and tingling) and signs of inflammation (diffuse erythema, perifollicular erythema and perifollicular scale) were also assessed. This study was done at the Universities of São Paulo (Brazil) and Minnesota (USA), between 2012 and 2014. RESULTS: Normal-appearing scalp areas from patients with LPP and FFA showed lymphocytic perifollicular typical inflammation in 70% of the cases, as well as perifollicular fibrosis and mucin deposits. DIF test was positive in 50% of the affected areas and in 40% of normalappearing areas from patients with LPP, comparing to 40% and 20% in the FFA group, respectively. In SP ELISA test, affected areas from patients with LPP that had histopathologic moderate or intense infiltrate showed more expression of SP in the affected scalp, comparing to normal-appearing areas (P=0,046). However, affected areas from patients with FFA that showed the same degree of histopathologic infiltrate had higher expression of SP in normalappearing scalp, comparing to affected scalp (P=0.050). In CGRP ELISA test, affected scalp from patients with LPP that had histopathologic mild or irrelevant infiltrate showed increased CGRP expression in normal-appearing scalp areas, comparing to affected scalp (P=0,048). Althought, affected areas with the same degree of histopathologic inflammation from patients with FFA had more CGRP, comparing to normal-appearing scalp (P=0,050). All serum samples and scalp samples from controls had undetectable results in SP and CGRP ELISA tests. No clinical relationship was found among symptoms, signs of inflammation, and neuropeptide expression. CONCLUSION: Normal-appearing scalp areas can show histopathologic inflammation suggesting that both LPP and FFA can be more generalized processes affecting the scalp. Although both diseases share similar histopathologic findings, the opposite results in the ELISA test point that these diseases may have diverse pathogenic mechanisms. Neurogenic inflammation possibly play an important role in the pathogenesis of both LPP and FFA and may explain the symptomatic scalp some patients refer
235

Release kinetics of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the equine whole blood

Rütten, Simon, Schusser, Gerald F., Abraham, Getu, Schrödl, Wieland January 2016 (has links)
Background: Horses are much predisposed and susceptible to excessive and acute inflammatory responses that cause the recruitment and stimulation of polymorphnuclear granulocytes (PMN) together with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the release of cytokines. The aim of the study is to develop easy, quick, cheap and reproducible methods for measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the equine whole blood cultures ex-vivo time- and concentration dependently. Results: Horse whole blood diluted to 10, 20 and 50 % was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PCPwL (a combination of phytohemagglutinin E, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen) or equine recombinant TNF-α (erTNF-α). TNF-α and IL-1Ra were analyzed in culture supernatants, which were collected at different time points using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Both cytokines could be detected optimal in stimulated 20 % whole blood cultures. TNF-α and IL-1Ra releases were time-dependent but the kinetic was different between them. PCPwL-induced TNF-α and IL-1Ra release was enhanced continuously over 24–48 h, respectively. Similarly, LPS-stimulated TNF-α was at maximum at time points between 8–12 h and started to decrease thereafter, whereas IL-1Ra peaked later between 12–24 h and rather continued to accumulate over 48 h. The equine recombinant TNF-α could induce also the IL-1Ra release. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that similar to PCPwL, LPS stimulated TNF-α and IL-1Ra production time-dependently in whole blood cultures, suggesting the suitability of whole blood cultures to assess the release of a variety of cytokines in health and diseases of horse.
236

Effects of Low Dose Aspirin (81 mg) on Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Amaranthus Caudatus Labeling in Normal-Risk and High-Risk Human Subjects for Colorectal Cancer

Krishnan, Koyamangalath, Aoki, Toshihiro, Ruffin, Mack T., Normolle, Daniel P., Boland, C. Richard, Brenner, Dean E. 20 April 2004 (has links)
Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical observations provide support for a colorectal cancer chemopreventive role for aspirin. We have evaluated the effects of aspirin on proliferation biomarkers in normal-risk and high-risk human subjects for colorectal cancer. Colorectal biopsies were obtained at baseline and at 24h after 28 daily doses of 81mg of aspirin from 13 high-risk and 15 normal-risk subjects for colorectal cancer. We evaluated aspirin's effects on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and epithelial mucin histochemistry using the lectin, Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA) in crypt sections from rectal biopsies. The baseline whole crypt PCNA LIs differed significantly between normal-risk and high-risk subjects. PCNA LIs are not affected by 28 days of aspirin at 81mg daily. ACA LIs are decreased by 28 days of aspirin at 81mg daily in both normal-risk and high-risk subjects. Aspirin's effects on ACA LIs may have mechanistic and biological implications that deserve further attention. PCNA and ACA LIs are not useful as proliferation biomarkers for aspirin's chemopreventive activity in morphologically normal human colorectal mucosa.
237

The Cancer Recognition (CARE) Antibody Test

Thornthwaite, Jerry T., McDuffee, Emily C., Harris, Robert B., Secor McVoy, Julie R., Lane, I. W. 28 December 2004 (has links)
The cancer recognition (CARE) antibody (Ab) test is a serologic assay for a specific IgM that is elevated in cancer patients. All tests are measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of human serum. The target polypeptide in the CARE Ab test is the IgM binding epitope (LT-11) of the CARE antigen (Ag) consisting of a 16 mer structure that has been produced synthetically. The mean relative concentration (MRC) is determined relative to standard, normalized human plasma. Non-parametric analysis showed median MRC values of healthy volunteers (HVs) with no history of cancer (n=47), family history of cancer (n=126) and a previous cancer history (n=24) to be 26, 34 and 46, respectively. It was determined that there was no significance found among the medians of the three HV groups (P=0.53). The specificity of the HV types was between 87 and 98%. Benign/non-cancer surgical patients (n=27) had a median value of 20 with a specificity of 96%. The cancer patients (n=61) had a median value of 246 with a sensitivity of 89%. There was a significant difference between the HV and cancer patients (P<0.0001) as well as between the benign/surgical non-cancerous group and cancer patients (P<0.0001). The IgM antibody is heat stable at room temperature for two days versus being frozen at -80°C (r2=0.97). Either serum or plasma samples may be used in the CARE Ab test (r2=0.92). The CARE Ab was almost exclusively IgM with no serum conversion to IgG in sequential measurements of patients with cancer over a six-month period. Preliminary data from patients undergoing post-operative cancer treatment showed that decreasing Ab levels revealed patients negative for residual cancer or undergoing remission, while relapsing patients show an increase in Ab levels. A return to a positive Ab level shortly after treatment is a poor prognostic sign while in advanced cancers the Ab levels may be depressed significantly.
238

"Diagnóstico da doença de Chagas em bancos de sangue: linfoproliferação, detecção de anticorpos e estudo epidemiológico em indivíduos com provas sorológicas inconclusivas" / Diagnostic of Chagas disease in blood banks: lymphoproliferation, antibodies detection and epidemiological data in individuals with inconclusive serology

Yamamoto, Celia Regina Furucho 27 March 2006 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribuição de linfoproliferação (1 parâmetro) em associação a provas sorológicas de alto desempenho (4 parâmetros), estudo epidemiológico (1) e parasitológico (1) em indivíduos com sorologia convencional inconclusiva para a doença de Chagas. Mostramos que o diagnóstico de doença de Chagas é provável quando 3 ou mais desses parâmetros são positivos em 7 (15/73). A combinação: TESA-blot e linfoproliferação positivos revelou-se útil diante de antecedentes epidemiológicos positivos / This study aims to evaluate the contribution of lymphoproliferation (1 parameter) in association with high performance serological tests (4), epidemiological data (1) and parasitological tests (1) for Chagas disease in patients with inconclusive conventional serological tests. We showed that this diagnosis is probable in individuals presenting > three positive of these 7 parameters (15 of 73 individuals). The combination of TESA-blot, lymphoproliferation was useful when epidemiological data were positive
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Imunogenicidade da vacina meningocócica conjugada do grupo C em adolescentes e adultos jovens com aids / Immunogenicity of a meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in AIDS adolescents and young adults

Bertolini, Daniela Vinhas 27 March 2014 (has links)
Pacientes infectados pelo HIV apresentam resposta de imunogenicidade menor àquela obtida pela população geral com a imunização de rotina. A vacina meningocócica C conjugada é indicada para essa população, não existindo pesquisas prévias que avaliassem a imunogenicidade desta, para esse grupo específico. O estudo realizou essa avaliação comparando a resposta vacinal entre os pacientes infectados e não infectados pelo HIV, as relações dessa resposta com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais da infecção pelo vírus e os eventos adversos à vacinação. Utilizou-se as técnicas ensaios de anticorpos bactericidas séricos ou ação bactericida no soro (SBA) e o enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tratou-se de um ensaio clínico, envolvendo 92 pacientes, com idades entre 10-20 anos, sendo 43 infectados e 49 não infectados pelo HIV. Após a vacinação, 72,1% do grupo HIV+ e 100% do grupo HIV- foram considerados protegidos. Os pacientes do grupo HIV+ não respondedores à vacinação foram revacinados, tendo sido respondedores a essa nova dose 40% destes. Portanto, 81,4% dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV adquiriram proteção com a vacina (após uma ou duas doses). Foi encontrada correlação da resposta vacinal com o número de esquemas antirretrovirais previamente utilizados e carga viral pré-vacinação, não havendo outras associações com os demais parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais da infecção pelo HIV. Pacientes com adequada resposta vacinal tenderam a ser os de menor idade. Efeitos colaterais ocorreram em 16,3% no grupo HIV+ e em 44% no HIV-. Conclui-se que a vacina meningocócica C conjugada é segura e efetiva para uso em adolescentes e adultos jovens com aids, embora a resposta de anticorpos seja menor do que a observada em indivíduos saudáveis. Isso indica a necessidade de discussão de novos esquemas de imunização em infectados pelo HIV, objetivando uma proteção mais efetiva contra doença meningocócica / Children and adolescents infected with HIV typically have a weaker response to immunization in comparison with the healthy population. The meningococcal C conjugate vaccine is routinely recommended for those individuals. No studies, however, have evaluated the antibody response to this vaccine in HIV-infected patients yet. In this study, we compared the antibody response to the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients using the serum bactericidal antibody assay (SBA) and the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Additional objectives were to determine whether the acquired immunity correlated with clinical and laboratory features of HIV infection, and to evaluate the vaccine side effects in this population. This clinical trial included 92 patients aged 10 to 20 years old: 43 HIV-infected and 49 HIV-uninfected patients. After one single dose of the vaccine, 72.1% of the HIV-infected and 100% of the HIV-uninfected patients were considered protected. Of the HIV-infected patients (non-responders in first dose) who received a second dose of the vaccine, only 40% reached protective antibody levels. Overall, 81.4% of the HIV-infected patients reached protective antibody titres (after one or two doses of the vaccine). The antibody response in HIV-infected patients correlated with the number of prior antiretroviral therapy schedules and with the pre-vaccination viral load, but with no other clinical features or laboratory tests. Patients with adequate vaccinal response tended to be younger. Side effects occurred in 16.3% and 44% of the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups, respectively. In conclusion, the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine proved to be safe and effective in HIV-infected adolescents and young adults, although their antibody response was weaker than that of HIV-uninfected patients. These results suggest that the immunization schedule for HIV-infected patients should be re-evaluated, in order to assure more effective protection against the meningococcal disease in this population
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"Resposta imune humoral na malária humana: quantidade e qualidade de anticorpos anti-Plasmodium falciparum" / Humoral immune response in human malaria : quantity and quality of anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibodies

Leoratti, Fabiana Maria de Souza 24 August 2004 (has links)
Neste estudo avaliamos a resposta imune humoral de indivíduos naturalmente expostos à malária em áreas endêmicas no Brasil. Os anticorpos IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgE e IgA anti-formas eritrocitárias de Plasmodium falciparum foram determinadas por ELISA. Anticorpos IgG, IgG1, IgG2 de alta avidez e IgG3 de baixa avidez predominaram nos indivíduos sem complicações de malária ou assintomáticos, enquanto anticorpos IgG4, IgE e IgM predominaram nos indivíduos com complicações clínicas por malária. Os resultados mostram que mesmo em regiões com transmissão instável de malária pode ser observado o desenvolvimento de imunidade protetora quando anticorpos apropriados são produzidos / In this study, we have evaluated the humoral immune response of individuals naturally exposed to malaria living in endemic areas of Brazil. We determined IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgE and IgA antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum blood stages by ELISA. We observed that the level of high avidity IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 and low avidity IgG3 antibodies were higher in asymptomatic individuals or with uncomplicated malaria, while IgG4, IgE and IgM antibodies were higher in individuals with complicated malaria. Taken together the results showed that even in unstable malaria regions it can be observed the development of protective immunity against malaria when appropriate antibodies are produced

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