Purpose:The study’s aim is to shed light upon the reasons for implementation and factors that affect the implementation process of solar panels for companies. The purpose was to investigate what influences the implementation of new technology; what the reasons are and which factors influence the implementation. To be able to answer the purpose two research questions have been formulated:  What is the reason for companies to choose to implement solar panels? What factors influence the implementation process solar panels for companies? Method:The study was conducted by a literature study that laid the foundation for the theory and research questions. To be able to fulfil the aim of the research a case-study with a single-case-design has been carried out were three companies have been studied. The empirical data was collected through interviews and document studies. The research questions have been answered in the analysis in collaboration with the theory and the empirical findings which lead to the findings of the research.   Findings:The results of the study show that marketing is a significant reason to why companies choose to implement solar panels together with the reason to be more sustainable. The influences that navigate the implementation are the pilot study, the supplier, the technology fit and the company’s collaboration and communication with the supplier. These factors have influenced the result of the implementation and how successfulness of the outcome. The focus does not lay on the economic incentive for the companies in this type of implementation but one can discuss the value of marketing.    Implications: The study’s theoretical implication is described by why companies choose to implement solar panels. The practical implication that this study provides is the determination of what navigates the implementation of solar panels. This has been done by studying which factors that influenced the implementation of solar panels for companies and which then resulted in the important influencing factors.   Limitations: The reasons to why companies choose to implement sustainable new technology can be a sensitive subject due to the risk of being accused of “green washing”. This has made it important to emphasise anonymity of the companies to ensure that the answers from the interviews are as reliable as possible. It has been obvious during the interviews that some of the respondents have lacked the knowledge needed.

More than ever, organizational development and results are affected by employee well-being and motivation. To be an attractive workplace from a staff perspective, it is vital that the organization is aware of how employees actually experience the workplace. By measuring employee satisfaction, the organization is given the opportunity to improve its position as an attractive workplace. The organization in this study has a future goal and that is to become one of Sweden’s most valued workplaces, therefore they need to develop a strategy for how employee satisfaction is measured and evaluated. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized approach for the organization to measure and monitor it’s employee satisfaction. The study presents an implementation proposal in which the organization in an educational and step-by-step approach can begin the work of measuring employee satisfaction. In addition to the handy steps that the organization can follow, the benefits of a successful implementation project are also presented. The organization's challenges are mapped out and include a strategy to overcome these challenges. / Mer än någonsin påverkas en verksamhets utveckling och resultat av medarbetarnas trivsel och motivation. För att vara en attraktiv arbetsgivare utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv är det av stor vikt att organisationen är medveten om hur medarbetarna faktiskt upplever arbetsgivaren. Genom att mäta medarbetarnöjdheten ges förutsättningar för organisationen att förbättra sin position som en attraktiv arbetsplats. Den studerade organisationens framtida mål är att bli en av Sveriges bästa arbetsgivare och de behöver därmed ta fram en strategi för hur medarbetarnöjdheten ska mätas och utvärderas. Syftet med studien är att ta fram ett standardiserat tillvägagångssätt för KitchenTime att mäta och följa upp sin medarbetarnöjdhet på. Studien presenterar ett implementeringsförslag där organisationen på ett pedagogiskt och stegvis tillvägagångssätt kan inleda arbetet med att mäta medarbetarnöjdheten. Förutom de handfasta stegen som organisationen kan följa presenteras även fördelar med ett lyckat implementeringsprojekt. Organisationens utmaningar är kartlagda och det finns även en strategi för att överkomma dessa utmaningar.

This is a master thesis in Industrial design engineering at Luleå University of Technology. The project was carried out between August 2017 and January 2018. The thesis is done at Lindbäcks Bygg AB in Piteå. Lindbäcks is a manufacturer of wooden apartment buildings. The buildings are built with modules that are made in factories. In connection to the main factory in Öjebyn,there is an external production line that creates special products. This external production line is referred to the Sub-Factory in this thesis. The objective of the project is to design the Sub-Factory to meet the future needs. By investigating and analyzing the current state as well as the requirements of needs, concepts of change will be developed and presented. The project aim is to present a decision basis onhow to utilize the Sub-Factory in the future and suggestions on implementation of changes to reach the future state. A theoretical framework was established to create a scientific foundation for theproject. To create an understanding of the current state observations, interviews, and document reviewing were the main methods. The main problems were noted. The problems were analyzed to map out their underlying causes. With these problems and causes in mind, objectives of the solution were established. Conceptual solutions were then generated using creative methods such as brainstorming, layout ideation, benchmarking, and workshop. The gathering of data showed that the main problems of the Sub-Factory were that the capacity was limited, and the factory was inflexible. The underlying causes ofthese problems were: wrong or non-arriving material, faulty drawings, waiting,blocked transport aisles, and that the Sub-Factory is less prioritized than otherparts of Lindbäcks. The final results aim to fulfill the objectives of the solutions. The final solution consists of five concepts; layout, routines, machines and equipment, test runs, and production planning. The layout solution aims to solve several of the objectives by inducing shorter and more efficient flows. The other concepts aim to complement the layout so that all objectives can be fulfilled. To implement these solutions an implementation strategy has been established. The implementation strategy suggests an order of implementation and why to implement in this particular order.

Växthusgasutsläpp är den främsta bidragande faktorn till dagens klimatförändringar och byggsektorn bidrar med nästan en tredjedel av dem. Att reducera utsläppen för att uppnå klimatmålen om klimatneutralitet 2050 är en utmaning för miljölagstiftningen. En viss skillnad i tolkning av EU-lagstiftning uppstår när länder implementerar den i nationell lagstiftning, till följd av att de gett upp en del av sin suveränitet då de är skyldiga att följa dessa krav. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur stor skillnad i tolkning som uppstår i övergången mellan EU-miljölagstiftning och nationell miljölagstiftning, i relation till byggsektorn, i Sverige och Danmark. Utöver detta syftade studien även till att få en förståelse för hur stor samverkan är för att minska växthusgasutsläppen inom byggsektorn i Öresundsregionen. Metoden utgick från grundad teori och en innehållsanalys av lagstiftnings- samt företagsdokument utfördes för att undersöka den skillnad som uppstår i lagstiftningen. Resultatet visade att det fanns en skillnad i tolkning från EU-lagstiftning till respektive nationell nivå. Tolkningen tyder på faktorer som skillnader i kulturella värderingar och normer av natur och miljö, samarbetsnivåer och strategiska åtgärder för att klara klimatmålen. Vidare framkom det att genomförandestrategierna för att reducera växthusgasutsläppen inom Öresundsregionen var likartade. Slutligen visade resultatet att de viktigaste faktorerna att undersöka i förhållande till studiens syfte rör regionala samarbeten. / Greenhouse gas emissions are the main contributing factor to today’s climate change and the construction sector contributes to almost a third of them. Reducing emissions in order to achieve the climate goals regarding climate neutrality in 2050, is a challenge for environmental legislation. A certain difference in interpretation from EU legislation arises when member states implement it into national legislation, due to giving up a part of their sovereignty in order to comply with these requirements. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in interpretation that arises in the transition between EU environmental legislation and national environmental legislation, in relation to the construction sector, in Sweden and Denmark. In addition, the study aimed to gain an understanding of how collaborative the construction sector in the Øresund region is, when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The research method was based in grounded theory and a content analysis of legislative and corporate documents have been carried out to examine the difference in interpretation that arises in the legislation. The results showed that there was a difference in interpretation from EU legislation to each national legislation. The difference in interpretation signifies factors such as differences in cultural values and norms regarding nature and the environment, levels of cooperation and strategic measures to meet the climate goals. Furthermore, the results regarding the implementation strategies in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission in the Øresund region were similar. Finally, the result showed that the most important factors to examine in relation to the research question relates to collaboration within regions.

No description available.

The aim of this study was to investigate the design and implementation of early intervention programmes used for disadvantaged learners in South Africa. The focus was on the Grade R class since it has been introduced to prepare learners for formal schooling. The extent to which the programme could influence the learner's skills were investigated. The design is defined in terms of the structure, goals, and content of the programme. The implementation strategy in this investigation is explained in broad terms to include ECD policies, delivery structures and modes, teacher preparedness and arrangements made at school level. The investigation was conducted as a case study in disadvantaged school-based Grade R classes of the Gauteng province. It established that the design of the Grade R programme followed the constructivist approach by combining the developmental and behavioural approaches to teaching. The design was commendable with regard to its goals and its duration. However, concerns were raised with regard to the structure and content of the Learning Area Programmes. An alternative design is recommended. The success of any programme depends to a large extent on implementation strategies used for delivery. This investigation established that policy formulation at national level followed international trends. Implementation power was devolved to the provincial departments in order to accommodate provincial diversity. However, structural deficits and undefined line functions were identified at provincial and district levels. The impact of this deficiency was evident in the Grade R classes. Finally this study concluded that although learners showed developmental gains, this cannot be regarded as the influence of the Grade R teaching because this age group is still developing and the change could be ascribed to maturation. The learners did not acquire basic literacy skills. Their poor language and intellectual abilities remain extremely low. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Psychology of Education)

The aim of this study was to investigate the design and implementation of early intervention programmes used for disadvantaged learners in South Africa. The focus was on the Grade R class since it has been introduced to prepare learners for formal schooling. The extent to which the programme could influence the learner's skills were investigated. The design is defined in terms of the structure, goals, and content of the programme. The implementation strategy in this investigation is explained in broad terms to include ECD policies, delivery structures and modes, teacher preparedness and arrangements made at school level. The investigation was conducted as a case study in disadvantaged school-based Grade R classes of the Gauteng province. It established that the design of the Grade R programme followed the constructivist approach by combining the developmental and behavioural approaches to teaching. The design was commendable with regard to its goals and its duration. However, concerns were raised with regard to the structure and content of the Learning Area Programmes. An alternative design is recommended. The success of any programme depends to a large extent on implementation strategies used for delivery. This investigation established that policy formulation at national level followed international trends. Implementation power was devolved to the provincial departments in order to accommodate provincial diversity. However, structural deficits and undefined line functions were identified at provincial and district levels. The impact of this deficiency was evident in the Grade R classes. Finally this study concluded that although learners showed developmental gains, this cannot be regarded as the influence of the Grade R teaching because this age group is still developing and the change could be ascribed to maturation. The learners did not acquire basic literacy skills. Their poor language and intellectual abilities remain extremely low. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Psychology of Education)

The central hypothesis of this thesis is that the universal fundamental right to adequate housing must be equally enforced by all states irrespective of its non-entrenchment as a constitutional, legislative and/or policy entitlement. Despite being a minority, poor Canadians still face the same sordid living conditions that the majority are experiencing in South Africa and India. If a developed country such as Canada, despite its available resources and housing policies, and, similar to South Africa and India as third world countries, fails to improve the poor’s standard of living, the right to adequate housing will remain a distant dream for many. Any housing implementation strategy must be able to reduce housing backlogs, eradicate homelessness and slums and in general improve the poor’s standard of living. The thesis considers the diverse implementation strategies of the right to adequate housing as adopted by South Africa, Canada and India and reveals how each country has experienced systemic challenges. Against the background of international and regional human rights obligations, key issues are investigated to determine how to properly implement, enforce and monitor the right, include the role of a constitutionally entrenched right, the adoption of a housing legislative and/or policy measures, the role of the judiciary, (in)action on the part of government and the part played by national human rights commissions. While each of these three countries approaches the issue in their own unique way, and each country makes its own contribution, what is required is a coordinated and multi-faceted housing implementation system. Although the point of departure was to determine what South Africa could learn from Canada and India, the conclusion is that both Canada and India can draw inspiration from South Africa. Nevertheless, the main conclusions are that South Africa must urgently conduct a comprehensive review of its regressive 20 year housing implementation strategy and India’s 61 years five year plans. The Canadian judiciary should be looking at ways to enforce the right within the Canadian Charter as well as its domestic legislation to include ‘social condition’ as a discrimination ground. While both Canada and India must review their housing policies their judiciaries should be evaluating the history of homelessness and the reasonableness of their adopted housing policies. / Private Law / LLD

The central hypothesis of this thesis is that the universal fundamental right to adequate housing must be equally enforced by all states irrespective of its non-entrenchment as a constitutional, legislative and/or policy entitlement. Despite being a minority, poor Canadians still face the same sordid living conditions that the majority are experiencing in South Africa and India. If a developed country such as Canada, despite its available resources and housing policies, and, similar to South Africa and India as third world countries, fails to improve the poor’s standard of living, the right to adequate housing will remain a distant dream for many. Any housing implementation strategy must be able to reduce housing backlogs, eradicate homelessness and slums and in general improve the poor’s standard of living. The thesis considers the diverse implementation strategies of the right to adequate housing as adopted by South Africa, Canada and India and reveals how each country has experienced systemic challenges. Against the background of international and regional human rights obligations, key issues are investigated to determine how to properly implement, enforce and monitor the right, include the role of a constitutionally entrenched right, the adoption of a housing legislative and/or policy measures, the role of the judiciary, (in)action on the part of government and the part played by national human rights commissions. While each of these three countries approaches the issue in their own unique way, and each country makes its own contribution, what is required is a coordinated and multi-faceted housing implementation system. Although the point of departure was to determine what South Africa could learn from Canada and India, the conclusion is that both Canada and India can draw inspiration from South Africa. Nevertheless, the main conclusions are that South Africa must urgently conduct a comprehensive review of its regressive 20 year housing implementation strategy and India’s 61 years five year plans. The Canadian judiciary should be looking at ways to enforce the right within the Canadian Charter as well as its domestic legislation to include ‘social condition’ as a discrimination ground. While both Canada and India must review their housing policies their judiciaries should be evaluating the history of homelessness and the reasonableness of their adopted housing policies. / Private Law / LLD