O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar, no âmbito da gestão pública, as implicações éticas de afirmar e promover Direitos de cidadania por meio da criação de políticas públicas, enquanto que por mecanismos trabalhistas os têm solapado de quem está sendo responsabilizado por sua execução. Essa análise está centrada no Programa Saúde da Família, política pública objeto desse estudo, Programa caracterizado, segundo os seus idealizadores, como uma estratégia destinada a reorientar e organizar o modelo tecnicoassistencial na atenção básica em saúde. Na primeira etapa, foi desenvolvido o trabalho de coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa e análise documental, visando constituir uma visão integrada e coerente sobre peculiaridades relativas à concepção, implementação e desenvolvimento do PSF no Município de Porto Alegre. O foco dessa busca foi a localização e estudo de documentos legais e institucionais, de modo a complementar o referencial teórico do estudo. A análise dos dados mostra que o vínculo entre as práticas adotadas na contratação e remuneração dos profissionais da saúde e os princípios constitucionais que fundamentam a administração pública torna as relações de trabalho, neste âmbito, mais complexa do que aparenta ser, pois ela não é resultado de uma simples decisão, no caso, do setor saúde, em contratar desta ou de outra forma os profissionais de que necessita. Ela decorre de importantes mudanças ocorridas ao longo da década de 1990, na economia nacional, na administração pública e nas formas sociais de trabalho. Todavia, o que parece faltar é a decisão dos atores sociais em assumir o problema para si em cada esfera de governo. As secretarias municipais de saúde convivem com a paradoxal situação em que o reconhecimento do papel e da importância dos profissionais de saúde nos serviços municipais se defronta com sua incapacidade ou falta de vontade política, de vincular esse profissional de forma permanente à instituição. Tal prerrogativa, antes de ser ética, é uma condição de ordem legal. / This essay aims to investigate, in the public management ambit, the ethical implications of affirming and promoting citizenship rights through the creation of public policies, while labor mechanisms have undermined them from those who are being held responsible for their execution. This analysis is focused on the Family Health Program, a public policy that is the object of this study, characterized, according to its creators, as a strategy intended to redirect and organize the basic technical health care model. At the first stage, the data collection work was developed through documental research and analysis with the objective to constitute an integrated and coherent view about peculiarities related to the conception, implementation and development of the FHP in the city of Porto Alegre. The focus of this search was the location and study of legal and institutional documents in order to complement the theoretical reference of the study. The data analysis shows that the link between the adopted practices in the recruitment and remuneration of the health professionals and the constitutional principles that support the public administration makes the labor relations, in this ambit, more complex than it seems to be, since it is not the result of a simple decision, in this case, of the health sector to hire in this or another way the necessary professionals. It comes from important changes that occurred along the 1990`s in the national economy, in the public administration and in the social recruitment ways. Nevertheless, what seems to be absent is the decision of the social actors to assume the problem to themselves in each government sphere. The city health departments live alongside the paradoxical situation where the acknowledgement about the role and the importance of the health professionals in the municipal services faces their inability or lack of political will to attach such a professional to the institution in a permanent way. This prerogative is not only ethical, but also a legal order condition.

This thesis examines the role of microblogging in shaping public opinion and political participation in China with particular focus on the question of what sociopolitical implications and challenges that weibo phenomenon has brought to the Chinese society. I explore some of the prominent features of weibo for the role they plays in framing public sphere. Along with an in-depth study of two weibo cases, the results show that microblogging provide a unique platform for Chinese citizens to participate in civic engagement and to organize their collective opinions. The study also demonstrates that weibo has a significant impact on spurring social change. Further, weibo discourse encourages interaction between government and ordinary citizens, and it also changes traditional Chinese politics through enabling public political participation. However, the spread of rumors and network violence are some of the disadvantages inherent to the weibo phenomenon that should be of concern. More importantly, the analysis reveals that the initial reasons behind the weibo phenomenon were the long-term social conflicts and continuous information control by the state. Weibo certainly provides a remarkable platform for the freedom of speech but it should not be considered as a panacea for the social changes in China.

Pour les périodes dites préhistoriques, la tendance générale d’assimiler les objets aux personnes et les communautés aux cultures persiste toujours. Ce phénomène est particulièrement observé pour la production céramique halafienne (datée de 6400 à 5400 BC cal.). Or, toute production céramique ne se résume pas à un objet et encore moins à de la vaisselle. C’est avant tout une matière première (l’argile) qui a vécu différentes étapes de transformation. L’objet n’est que l’aboutissement d’un projet pour lequel a été mis en œuvre une chaîne opératoire spécifique, se déroulant dans un temps imparti, le tout répondant à une nécessité. Dans une perspective de recherche pluridisciplinaire associant trois domaines : l'archéologie, l'archéométrie et l'ethnographie/ethnologie, nous nous proposons de reprendre une partie du dossier Halafien. Nous montrerons, à partir d'études de cas portant sur du matériel attribué aux phases de transition Proto-Halaf/Halaf ancien et "Halaf-Ubaid-Transitional", que bien plus qu'un marqueur culturel, la production céramique (qu'il s'agisse de vaisselle, de jetons, de figurines, de disques….) est un marqueur technique et social qui informe sur les activités, les modes de vie des communautés ; en quelques mots, l'état d'une société, mais aussi les transformations auxquelles elle est sujette. / Generally speaking, for prehistoric periods, pottery is compared to people, and by extension, to culture concept. Evidence of such a combination was noted for halafian remains (dated from 6400-5400 BC cal.). However, ceramic production can't be reduced to sherds, even less to vessel typology. Above all, it's a raw material (clay) which is affected by various transformations' stages. Final object is just the result of a previous project answering to life necessity. The execution requires a specific "chaîne opératoire", which takes allowed time.Following this point of view, pluridisciplinary research was selected and three fields were used : archaeology, archaeometry and ethnography. With this subject, we propose to take again part of the Halafian discussion. Intend to demonstrate that more than a cultural marker, halafian ceramic production (vessel type, tokens, figurines, disks…) can be considered as a technical fact or a social fact indicator which gives informations about activities, way of life of various communities, but also about the state of the society and its transformations, we decide to study ceramic assemblage coming form characteristic Proto-Halaf/Halaf and Halaf-Ubaid Transitional sites.

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Diploma thesis deals with on the transformation of business companies with focus on the tax implications of these processes. At the beginning of this thesis is described theoretical basis of the thesis in which clarified the characteristics of individual companies, transformations of copmpanies and law, accounting and tax aspects of transformations of these companies. The own proposals make a model example which is focused on the merger of two limited liability companies and the defining of their accounting and tax implications of this transformation.

Diploma thesis deals with on the transformation of business companies with focus on the tax implications of these processes. At the beginning of this thesis is described theoretical basis of the thesis in which clarified the characteristics of individual companies, transformations of copmpanies and law, accounting and tax aspects of transformations of these companies. The own proposals make a model example which is focused on the merger of two limited liability companies and the defining of their accounting and tax implications of this transformation.

Understanding local perceptions of disease causation could help public health officials improve strategies to prevent bloody diarrhoea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh to elicit community beliefs about the causes of and prevention strategies for bloody diarrhoea. Between March and June 2003, we interviewed 541 randomly selected respondents. Overall, 507 (93%) respondents perceived that a vaccine could prevent bloody diarrhoea. If a vaccine provided lifetime protection, 445 (83%) respondents stated that they would opt to get the vaccine and would pay a median of $0·05 (range U.S.$0·01-0·15) for it, equivalent to <1% of their median weekly income. There was almost universal perception that an effective vaccine to prevent bloody diarrhoea was highly beneficial and acceptable. While respondents valued a vaccine for prevention of bloody diarrhoea, they were only willing to pay minimally for it. Therefore, achieving a high rate of Shigella vaccine coverage may require subsidy of vaccine purchase.

The problem of racial microaggressions in the United States has important implications for counseling due to the mental and physical health concerns individuals who experience them may develop. Although the current literature addresses racial microaggressions among Black individuals and implications for counseling, no qualitative studies that included the voices of Black individuals using relational cultural theory were found. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Black individuals who have encountered racial microaggressions and learn their perspectives on what counselors can do to help them in counseling. Adding this perspective will help fill this gap in counseling literature and aid counselors in promoting mental wellness among Black clients. Through semi structured interviews, 7 Black adults living in Florida shared their lived experiences with racial microaggressions and gave perspectives on how counselors can serve Black clients in counseling. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was the research design used in the study, in concordance the 6-step approach used to analyze the data, and relational cultural theory was the theoretical framework. The following 7 themes emerged from the study: lived experiences with racial microaggressions, emotional responses to racial microaggressions, intersectionality, coping with racial microaggressions, advocacy and social justice, neighborhood and community social support, and implications for counseling. These results provided implications for social change because they can add to counselors' knowledge on how to improve services to Black clients, which can improve their lives.

Clearing of trees from the so-called caatinga woodland that characterizes the vegetation of the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil offers possibilities for increasing forage production. This research analyzed the first-year effects of clearing caatinga on dry season forage for goats and sheep. In addition, factors affecting litter decomposition on cleared and uncleared caatinga were assessed to evaluate the viability of deferring grazing of forages during the wet season for use later in the dry season. Removing the trees resulted in a sixfold increase in production of herbaceous vegetation, however, 88 percent of the increased yield on the cleared areas was in the form of stems from herbaceous vegetation. Seventy-two percent of the stems were unpalatable to goats and sheep because of the massive size of those stems. Leaf litter from trees was an important component of the diets of goats and sheep during the dry season and clearing reduced production of this forage threefold. Clearing resulted in increased decomposition of leaf litter. Changes in microclimate played only a minor role in this difference. The reduction in the amount of leaf litter from trees relative to litter from herbs had the greatest effect on decomposition rates of dry season forage because tree litter decomposed less rapidly than did herbaceous litter. The slow decomposition of leaf litter during the dry season suggests that deferment. of cleared or uncleared caatinga for use as forage in the latter part of the dry season is feasible. An analysis of the diets of esophageally fistulated goats and sheep indicated that clearing may be a viable alternative for improving the amount and the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the forage consumed during the dry season the first-year post-treatment. These increases were attributed to an absolute greater abundance of preferred herbaceous forages (i.e., foliage and leaf litter) and to the persistent green foliage on coppicing woody plants. Dietary nitrogen appeared to limit intake, and clearing did not improve availability of this nutrient to sheep and goats at the higher levels of grazing pressure applied in this study. Other ecosystem considerations such as watershed protection and long-term community stability must also be considered in decisions to remove the tree canopy of the caatinga.

As previous research has suggested, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought implications for different fields, in which higher education is not an exception (Blankenberger &amp; Williams, 2020; Bidwell et al., 2020; Dhawan, 2020). The social distancing restrictions adopted by several governments including the Swedish one to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have implied that most higher education institutions temporarily closed and/or transitioned face-to-face designed courses into online environments in a matter of weeks, or even days, forcing the teaching staff to increasingly adopt digital technologies to continue the course delivery (Rad et al., 2021; Bidwell et al., 2020; Hodges et al., 2020; Dhawan, 2020). Through collecting data at a Swedish university, this inductive and pragmatic study utilized a convergent mixed methods approach to study teachers ́ lived experiences during the COVID- 19 period, and explore the implications of change brought on by the pandemic to the design of courses at the higher education level, with the aim of contributing to future action in the field.  The temporal component (Sweeting, 2014) was utilized as a unit of comparison for analyzing the results of the interview and questionnaire data to deepen the understanding of the COVID-19 implications of change on course design through time, especially looking towards the future. The study’s findings suggest that the main changes brought on by the pandemic to higher education course design relate to the alteration of teaching format, the increased presence of course design as a topic in the teaching agenda, and the increased digitalization of course design, with associated challenges such as the technical and the communication, interaction, and engagement aspects of course design, and opportunities such as the highlighted digital possibilities for course design. Furthermore, the main implication brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic to the future of course design is expected to be associated with the advanced digitalization of higher education course design. This future implication has been problematized by the study through utilizing the conceptual framework provided by Selwyn’s (2011) understanding of the relationship between education and digital technologies, inviting higher education teachers and institutions to question the role of digital technologies in the present and future moments of higher education course design, and learn from the present for improving the future.