Hybridization is an important phenomenon in plant evolution because it is one of the sources of new genetic variability. Hybridization is the merging of genomes of formerly isolated evolutionary lineages. In many taxonomic groups, the detection of plants of hybrid origin is challenging. A wide spectrum of methods for their detection has been employed since the beginning of botanical research. The introduction of genomic in situ hybridization has had a great impact on the study plants of hybrid origin. This molecular cytogenetic approach allows to reveal the genomic contributions of particular parental species to hybrid taxa. The tribe Triticeae is a prime example of a group whose present-day diversity has been strongly influenced by hybridization (together with polyploidy). The majority of its species are allopolyploids resulting from frequent interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. The structure of relationships within the tribe is therefore highly reticulate. This thesis includes three papers dealing with the hybrid complex of Elytrigia repens - E. ×mucronata - E. intermedia: (1) The representatives of this hybrid complex are morphologically poorly differentiated, and only two morphological characters are used to their distinguishing. Among anatomical characters on the leaf blade, some...

The progress of the pandemic has affected many people in the outside world and digitalization has therefore reached new levels. Previous research and reports have shown that teachers in mathematics rarely use digital learning resources when teaching in the classroom. With the help of a questionnaire study, the use and knowledge of digital learning resources for primary and middle school teachers and whether the pandemic has had any impact on this is investigated. The analysis of the results will take place in the TPACK in situ framework. This shows that teachers´ use of digital learning resources have increased in connection with the Covid- 19 pandemic. The teachers´ digital competence has to a large extent been developed when the pandemic set new demands and challenges. The study suggests that the effects of the pandemic have led to higher collegial collaboration in the search for and use of digital learning resources. / Pandemins framfart har påverkat många i omvärlden och digitaliseringen har nått nya nivåer. Tidigare forskning och rapporter har visat på att lärare i matematikundervisningen sällan använder digitala lärresurser. Med hjälp av en enkätstudie undersöks låg- och mellanstadielärares användning och kunskap kring digitala lärresurser samt om pandemin har haft någon påverkan på detta. Analysen av resultatet kommer ske med hjälp av ramverket TPACK in situ. Detta visar att lärares användning av digitala lärresurser har ökat i samband med Covid-19 pandemin. Lärarnas digitala kompetens har i hög utsträckning utvecklats när pandemin ställt nya krav och utmaningar. Studien antyder att pandemins effekter har givit ett högre kollegialt samarbete vid sökande och användande av digitala lärresurser.

Mes travaux de thèse consistent à proposer et valider une démarche de métrologie 3D in-situ multi-capteurs/multi-échelles. L'intégration de systèmes de mesure au sein du moyen de production permet d'être très réactif aux présences de défauts géométriques et ainsi directement proposer des actions correctives. Afin de limiter les arrêts de fabrication, donc la diminution de l'efficience de la machine-outil, l’interopérabilité entre la fabrication et la mesure doit être maximisée : il est important de proposer une phase de mesure rapide et assurant une qualité minimum des données acquises. Un outil de mesure par caméras (Stéréo-corrélation d'images) est proposé dans ces travaux. Basé sur la connaissance du modèle FAO de la pièce et de l’environnement de travail, cet outil de mesure permet d'obtenir une cartographie des écarts géométriques de la pièce directement dans le repère FAO. Ainsi, il est possible d'analyser directement les données de mesure dans le même repère que celui de la fabrication : les temps de traitements des données sont réduits. / Integrating inspection procedures in the machining process contributes to process optimization. The use of in-situ measurement allows a betterreactivity for corrective actions. However, to be highly efficient, Machining and Inspection Process Planning must reach a high level of integration. It is hereessential to focus on the compromise measurement time vs precision: the time dedicated to inspection must be limited, but not to the detriment ofmeasurement quality. A measurement process for in-situ machining defect detection is proposed based on a stereo-DIC.

The global soil resources are significantly threatened by pollution. In addition to the existing burden of contaminants in agricultural soils, the increasing anthropogenic input of metal(loid)s, further referred to as trace elements (TE), presents a major public health concern, since it endangers the food security of a rising human population. However, the growing demand for agricultural commodities will increase the pressure on fertile soils. In this context, steering the needed agricultural extensification towards arable TE-contaminated soils (TECS) could protect highly biodiverse or carbon stock land and, thereby, help reach global sustainability targets. The sustainable crop production on TECS requires effective and non-destructive measures to control relevant pollutant linkages. These are offered by gentle remediation options (GRO), the practical adoption of which is scarce across Europe as yet. This study provides different approaches of GRO applied to an agricultural soil in a characteristic post-mining region (Freiberg, Saxony (Germany)) in practical adoption (chapter 2) and under semi-controlled conditions (chapters 3 and 4). Due to severe topsoil contamination by metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) and As, the pollutant linkages of concern at the study site are food-chain transfer, leaching to the groundwater, and tilling-related dust emissions. The overall aim was to find best management practices for coupling soil remediation with the production of marketable biomass. This was attempted via (i) in situ stabilization, alone (chapter 4.1) or combined with phytoexclusion (chapter 2), (ii) labile TE phytoextraction (chapter 3), and (iii) (aided) phytostabilization (chapter 4.2). Soil remediation by GRO was assessed with scientifically established (DGT, soil solution; chapter 4.1) and/or legally relevant chemical soil extractions (NH4NO3-solution; chapters 2 to 4) and pH measurements. Additionally, earthworms served as ecotoxicological endpoints (chapter 4.1). Initial soils, earthworms, vegetative and generative biomass produced from each approach, as well as the investigated soil additives, including fertilizers, were microwave-assisted chemically digested (HNO3, H2O2, aqua regia) prior to analysis. All environmental samples were analyzed for TE by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Nutrient concentrations in soil additives and selected plant samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The measured TE concentrations were evaluated against applicable European and/or national thresholds. At field (chapter 2), the repeated fertilization with superphosphate and/or lime marl basically attenuated the chemical TE availability over a three years crop rotation of Brassica napus, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare. In turn, the simultaneous phytoexclusion by low-accumulating cultivars (LAC) effectively decreased the Cd concentrations in cereal grains (by averagely 21 % in wheat and 39 % in barley). However, straw metals´ accumulation or grain As uptake partly revealed opposing trends among LAC and high-accumulating cultivars (HAC). As investigated under semi-controlled conditions (chapter 3), a sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. mutant inbred line M7 (R3B-F-U/R13M10A; test series R13F-MP)), modified towards enhanced labile TE phytoextraction by chemical mutagenesis, proved less advantageous as pre-crop for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tiger) than the regionally common winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Lorenz). This resulted from soil alkalinization by rape, whereas sunflower mobilized more TE than it depleted from the rhizosphere. Within in situ stabilization approaches under semi-controlled conditions, a Fe- /Al-rich drinking water treatment residue (WTR), soil-applied at a rate of 1 % (m/m) prior to cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tiger; chapter 4.1) or Szarvasi-1 (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1; chapter 4.2), decreased the chemical availability of As, Cd, and Pb by up to 77 % , 46 %, and 61 %, respectively. Thereby, it immobilized these hazardous TE increasingly effective over time and better than a Mn-rich WTR or lime marl. The bioassays with wheat and earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta L.) showed, however, that the habitat function for biocenoses benefited more from the Fe-/Al-rich WTR when it was applied at a lower application rate (0.5 % m/m). This resulted from dose-dependent P fixation and TE entries induced by the WTR, to which Szarvasi-1 appeared insensitive. Unlike As, the availability of Cd and Zn to biota in amended soils could not be predicted by any of the applied chemical methods due to endpoint-specific binding of competing cations to the biotic ligand (plant roots, earthworm tissue), and a preferential translocation of Zn over Cd in planta. Among all studied plants, the perennials Szarvasi-1 and cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.; chapter 4.2) best excluded the present mixture of TE in shoots, whereby the latter exhibited growth depression. However, only grain biomass of barley and rape, and partly of low-accumulating wheat, produced at the study site presented legally compliant animal feed based on European limit values for Cd and As. Given the investigated measures´ restricted efficacy to assure forage safety, a land-use change e.g. towards the perennial Szarvasi-1, which provides a continuous plant cover at low tillage and input requirements, possibly accompanied by the monitored reuse of an Fe- /Al-rich WTR, could most promisingly control all above-stated pollutant linkages. Revenues could be generated from energy conversion or valorization in the fibrous material sector. The waste recycling of WTR in TECS, though promising, requires proper characterization, eventual process optimization, and further studies regarding long-term stability to ensure legal compliance and environmental safety. Future research and breeding efforts regarding low Cd cultivars in particular could greatly contribute to safe food or forage production at the majority of moderately contaminated sites.:Table of contents Danksagung VI Abstract VII Zusammenfassung X List of Figures XIV List of Tables XVIII Abbreviations XXII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The contamination of agricultural soils with trace elements - a global challenge to be tackled at local scale 1 1.2 The study site 5 1.3 Objectives 7 1.4 Structure of the thesis 8 2 Field assessment of conventional fertilizers and cultivars of annual plants 11 2.1 Management of trace element-contaminated agricultural land by in situ stabilization combined with phytoexclusion over a three years crop rotation 11 3 Exploring pre-crop effects of annual oilseeds 37 3.1 Trace elements bioavailability to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown subsequent to high biomass plants in a greenhouse study 37 4 The potentials of drinking water treatment residues and/or perennialplants 53 4.1 Trace elements bioavailability to Triticum aestivum and Dendrobaena veneta in a multielement-contaminated agricultural soil amended with drinking water treatment residues 53 4.2 (Aided) phytostabilization of trace elements using cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), or tall wheatgrass (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1) and soilapplied drinking water treatment residues 77 5 Synthesis 91 5.1 The potential of crop management practices to mitigate food chain transfer of trace elements 91 5.2 The in situ stabilization efficacy under differential experimental conditions 96 6 Future perspectives 101 References 104 List of publications 121 Erklärung 123

<p>Meteorites fallen from the sky and surface particles of the moon gathered by lunar space missions, have distinct microstructure and properties that can provide unique insights on the origins and processes for the evolution of our solar system. These extraterrestrial materials contain highly complex microstructures due to the formation and structure evolution events spanning long periods of time. The comprehensive characterization on these samples, to extract multi-scale structural information, is especially crucial to support formation theories, understand material utilization possibility, and preparation for potential hazard mitigation. In addition to the microstructure, an understanding of the mechanical properties of these materials is also vital. Hence, an in-depth investigation on how microstructural phase distribution and their respective mechanical properties connect to macroscopic deformation behavior is required.</p> <p>In this study, a correlative microscopy-based methodology was used to study several celestial samples; meteorite Aba Panu (L3), meteorite Tamdakht (H5), and a lunar dust grain from mature sample 10084 returned by the Apollo 11 mission. X-ray microcomputed tomography (XCT) was utilized to acquire inherent 3D structural details from samples non-destructively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to further resolve finer structural features and compositional information to complete the correlative described above.</p> <p>Both ex situ and in situ compression experiments, in the XCT, were performed on machined cylindrical samples of Aba Panu meteorite. Structure development including crack initiation, propagation, and failure states were analyzed and correlated to the macroscopic stress-strain behavior. Direct 3D correlation on ex situ and in situ images of crack growth were used to obtain a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of crack development and deformation. Finally, nanoindentation was used to complement the 3D microstructural study, by acquiring mechanical properties of individual constituent phases.</p> <p><br></p>

Die strukturelle Vielfalt von Metallphosphonaten macht sie zu vielversprechenden Kandidaten für vielzählige Anwendungen, erschwert aber zugleich eine planmäßige Synthese. Die Untersuchung der Bildungsmechanismen kristalliner Übergangs-metallphosphonate stellt Zusammenhänge zwischen Synthesebedingungen und resultierender Struktur her. In dieser Arbeit wurden unterschiedliche Phosphonsäuren mit divalenten Metallionen umgesetzt und so verschiedene Metallphosphonate mit diversen Strukturen erhalten. Die Kristallstrukturen neuer Verbindungen wurden mittels Röntgenpulver-diffraktometrie aufgeklärt. Systematische Untersuchungen zeigten einen direkten Zusammenhang zwischen bestimmten Strukturmotiven und Eigenschaften der Verbindungen. Das Bestreben nach umweltfreundlichen und wirtschaftlichen Synthesemethoden wird durch die Mechanochemie erfüllt. Die zugrundeliegenden Reaktions-mechanismen liegen im Dunkeln, sodass Mechanochemie größtenteils als „trial and error“-Methode funktioniert. In situ Untersuchungen mechanochemischer Reaktionen erlauben die Aufklärung der Reaktionswege und weitere Optimierung der Prozesse. Nach der Optimierung des experimentellen Aufbaus wurde in dieser Arbeit eine Kombination der Methoden Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie und Thermographie zur Aufklärung der Bildungmechanismen von Metallphosphonaten eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der in situ Untersuchungen zeigen die Bildung von Metallphosphonaten als dreistufigen Prozess, der über einen nicht-kristallinen Zustand verläuft. / The structural diversity of metal phosphonates makes them promising candidates for numerous applications, but at the same time makes planned synthesis difficult. The study of the formation mechanisms of crystalline transition metal phosphonates establishes correlations between synthesis conditions and resulting structure. In this work, different phosphonic acids were reacted with divalent metal ions to obtain various metal phosphonates with diverse structures. The crystal structures of new compounds were solved by X-ray powder diffraction. Systematic studies showed a direct correlation between certain structural motifs and properties of the compounds. The search for environmentally friendly and economical synthesis methods is met by mechanochemistry. The underlying reaction mechanisms are unclear, so mechanochemistry functions largely as a "trial and error" method. In situ studies of mechanochemical reactions allow the elucidation of reaction pathways and further optimization of processes. After optimizing the experimental setup, a combination of X-ray powder diffraction and thermography methods was used in this work to elucidate the formation mechanisms of metal phosphonates. The results of the in situ investigations show the formation of metal phosphonates as a three-step process proceeding via a non-crystalline state.

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an innovative solid-state manufacturing process capable of producing parts with fine, equiaxed grains. However, due to the complexity of extensive plastic deformation and the viscoplastic behavior of metallic materials at elevated temperatures, the analysis of material flow and stress evolution during AFSD remains at a rudimentary stage. As a developing technology, gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying physical behaviors behind the processing is appreciable. This study comprises three objectives: investigating microstructure and stress-induced acoustic wave propagation behaviors, implementing non-contact in-situ monitoring in AFSD of aluminum alloy 6061 using a far-collimation acoustic metamaterial lens, and ex-situ analysis of parameter-dependent mechanics influences in AFSD of aluminum alloys 6061. To achieve this, a novel ultrasound in-situ monitoring method, along with ex-situ residual stress measurements, is facilitated by MD and FEA simulations and been experimentally verified. Real-time asymmetric property distribution and abnormal parameter-dependence acoustic wave phase change during the AFSD of aluminum alloy 6061 were identified through the in-situ monitoring and further investigated in detail through ex-situ inspection. A key parameter, effective viscosity, was introduced to the parameter windows selections, which can affect the thermo-fluidic mechanics during the process, thereby altering the physical aspects, mechanical properties, and microstructures.

Gegenstand der Untersuchungen war die Reduktion von Stickoxiden (NOx und N2O) an verschiedenartig präparierten Eisenkatalysatoren (Fe-MF, Fe-beta, Fe-SBA-15). Die Katalysatoren wurden nach Synthese, Kalzinierung und Katalyse mittels EPR und UV/VIS-DRS charakterisiert, und darüber hinaus auch in-situ während des Kalzinierens. Isolierte Eisenspezies aggregieren im Verlauf der Kalzinierung bei 873 K. Sowohl höhere Heizraten beim Kalziniervorgang, als auch ein höheres Si/Al-Verhältnis des Trägermaterials verstärken die Neigung zur Aggregatbildung leicht. Die Verwendung des Katalysators für die SCR von NO führt zu weiterem Wachstum und zur Restrukturierung der FexOy-Cluster. Die Eisenkatalysatoren wurden weiterhin mittels in-situ Methoden (EPR, UV/VIS-DRS, FTIR) untersucht während der SCR von NO durch NH3 und Isobutan, der SCR von N2O mit CO, und im Strom der entsprechenden reinen Eduktgase. Die Ergebnisse korrelieren mit dem katalytischen Verhalten der Materialien. Verschiedene Fe3+-Spezies, welche sich durch ein unterschiedliches Redoxverhalten auszeichnen, wurden identifiziert. UV/VIS-Messungen erlauben die Schlußfolgerung, daß isolierte, oktaedrisch koordinierte Fe3+?Spezies leichter zu reduzieren sind als tetradrisch koordinierte. Im Gegensatz zu isoliertem Fe3+ lassen sich FexOx-Cluster leichter oxidieren als reduzieren, und verbleiben daher unter Reaktionsbedingungen trivalent. Durch ihr hohes Oxidationspotential kommt es, vor allem für die Reaktion mit Isobutan, zur unerwünschten Totaloxidation des Reduktanden. Der Anteil isolierter Fe3+ Spezies korreliert mit der Aktivität der Katalysatoren für die SCR von NO und N2O. Weiterhin hängt zumindest für die Reaktion zwischen N2O und CO der Reaktionsmechanismus von der Art der vorliegenden Eisenspezies ab: an isolierten Plätzen erfolgt die Reduktion des N2O an dem an Fe3+ gebundenen CO. An FexOy-Clustern hingegen läuft die Reaktion als Redoxprozeß (Fe3+ / Fe2+) unter Bildung eines radikalischen Intermediates O-. Der Einfluß der Porengeometrie des Trägermaterials auf die katalytische Aktivität wurde an Katalysatoren mit ähnlichem Eisengehalt und ähnlicher Art und Verteilung der Eisenspezies studiert (Fe-MFI, Fe-SBA-15). Die drastisch höhere Aktivität von Fe-MFI belegt, daß die Lokalisierung der aktiven Komponente in einer Pore mit passender Geometrie (Größe und Struktur) essentiell für die katalytischen Eigenschaften ist. Als weitere, die Aktivität stark beeinflussen Größe, wurde für die Reaktion von NO mit Ammoniak und auch mit Isobutan die Azidität identifiziert, die jedoch für die katalytische Zersetzung oder Reduktion mit N2O keine Rolle spielt. / The reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx and N2O) was investigated over Fe-catalysts (Fe-MFI, Fe-beta and Fe-SBA-15) which were prepared by different methods have been analyzed by EPR and UV/VIS-DRS ex situ after synthesis, calcination and use in catalysis as well as in situ during calcination. It was found that aggregated species are formed at the expense of isolated Fe species upon calcination at 873 K, and that aggregate formation is slightly favored by calcination with higher heating rates as well as by high Si/Al ratio of the support. Use in SCR of NO leads to further growth and restructuring of FexOy clusters. These Fe-catalysts were studied by in situ EPR, in situ UV/VIS-DRS and in situ FT-IR spectroscopy during SCR of NO with NH3 or isobutane and during SCR of N2O with CO as well as during interaction with single feed components. The results were related to the catalytic behaviour. Different types of isolated Fe3+ sites with different reducibility were identified. Based on FT-IR results which revealed that NO reacts preferably with trivalent Fe, it is concluded that Fe3+ ions reduced under reaction conditions to Fe2+ do probably not contribute to catalytic activity. In general, the degree of steady-state Fe site reduction during NH3-SCR is markedly lower than during isobutane-SCR. This might be the reason for the lower activity of Fe-catalysts in the latter reaction. UV/VIS-DRS results suggest that isolated Fe3+ in octahedral coordination is easier reduced than tetrahedral Fe3+. In contrast to isolated Fe3+ species, FexOy clusters are much faster reoxidized than reduced and, thus, remain essentially trivalent under reaction conditions. Due to their higher oxidation potential, they cause undesired total oxidation of the reductant being much more severe in the case of isobutane. A correlation was found between the fraction of isolated Fe+3 sites in the catalysts and their activity for SCR of NO and N2O. The reaction mechanism of SCR of N2O with CO is Fe site dependent. Over isolated Fe sites, the reduction of N2O occurs via coordinated CO species on Fe3+ sites. The reaction over FexOy sites proceeds via a redox Fe3+/Fe2+ process with intermediate formation of O- radicals. The effect of pore geometry of the support on the catalytic activity was studied by comparing catalytic performance of Fe-MFI and Fe-SBA-15 which contain similar iron content and show similar nature and distribution of Fe species as evidenced by UV/VIS-DRS and EPR. Fe-MFI revealed to be much more active than Fe-SBA-15 in all reactions studied. This clearly illustrates that the confinement of the iron species in pores of suitable geometry (structure and size) is essential to originate their remarkable catalytic properties. Acidity is essential for SCR of NO with NH3 or isobutane but it is not mandatory for direct decomposition or SCR of N2O.

Erdöl und Erdgas liegen als flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe in porösen Sedimentgesteinen im geologischen Untergrund vor. Um diese Kohlenwasserstoffe zu gewinnen, wird der Untergrund durch Tiefbohrungen zur Förderung erschlossen. Anschließend erfolgt die Förderung des Erdöls in drei Phasen: der Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärförderung. In der primären Phase wird Erdöl durch den Druck in der Lagerstätte gewonnen, in der sekundären Phase durch künstliche Aufrechterhaltung des Drucks und in der tertiären Phase durch technische Beeinflussung der strömungsmechanischen und thermodynamischen Eigenschaften des Erdöls. Dennoch verbleibt insbesondere bei Schweröllagerstätten ein Anteil von 45 bis 90 % des ursprünglich in der Lagerstätte vorhandenen Erdöls in der Lagerstätte. Aufgrund strömungsmechanischer und thermodynamischer Einschränkungen ist eine Gewinnung dieses Anteils technisch und/oder wirtschaftlich nicht möglich. Meist wird die Lagerstätte nach Abschluss der Förderung verfüllt und die übertägigen Anlagen zurückgebaut. Zugleich steigt weltweit der Bedarf an Energiequellen, insbesondere an solchen, die für die Dekarbonisierung und Umstellung auf umweltschonende Energien benötigt werden. Wasserstoff wird voraussichtlich als chemischer Energieträger der zukünftige Schlüsselrohstoff für die Energiewende sein. Diese Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Weiternutzung bzw. Erschließung ausgeförderter Erdöllagerstätten zur Wasserstoffgewinnungmittels thermischer Verfahren. Diese Verfahren orientieren sich an bereits etablierten Methoden für die übertägige Verfahrenstechnik. Durch das Verfahren wird die Lagerstätte mithilfe der Verbrennung des in dieser vorhandenen Restöls erhitzt und das entstehende Koks durch eine Wasserinjektion in Synthesegas umzuwandeln. Durch die hohen Temperaturen entsteht in der Lagerstätte eine Atmosphäre aus Wasserdampf, die zur Vergasung des Kokses führt. Das Gas wird durch die Wasserfront aus der Lagerstätte in die Produktionsbohrungen verdrängt und kann anschließend an der Oberfläche aufbereitet werden. Im Kontext der Lagerstättenprozesse entsteht nicht nur Wasserstoff, sondern auch weitere Verbrennungsprodukte wie Kohlenstoffmonoxid, Kohlenstoffdioxid, Sauergase und Kohlenwasserstoffgase. Diese werden verfahrenstechnisch aufbereitet und dampfreformiert in den obertägigen Anlagen. Zur Erfüllung der Anforderungen an blauen Wasserstoff ist die Reinjektion von Kohlenstoffdioxid erforderlich. In der Dissertation wird ein numerisches Berechnungsschema eingeführt und ausführlich getestet, um die lagerstättentechnische Simulation der thermischen Wasserstoffgewinnung durchzuführen. Anhand von Modelllagerstätten werden mithilfe dieses Schemas relevante Prozessparameter ermittelt und für die Übertragung auf die konkrete Lagerstättensimulation aufbereitet. Das Verfahren zur Wasserstoffförderung wird an einer antiklinalen Lagerstätte mit geostatistischer Heterogenität simuliert. Die Ergebnisse werden zur weiteren Auswertung bezüglich Integritätsfragen, Übertageanlagen sowie wirtschaftlicher und strategischer Aspekte herangezogen.

[ES] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar los métodos de conservación in situ aplicables a los hallazgos arqueológicos de los loberos-balleneros, los cuales están compuestos por material proveniente del archipiélago Shetland del Sur (Antártida Occidental). Los loberos-balleneros fueron marineros llevados al territorio por compañías de caza de mamíferos marinos en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Esos cazadores habitaban temporalmente en refugios construidos en la Antártida. Las huellas que dejaron se caracterizan por la presencia de materiales muy frágiles, que se conservan debido a las condiciones ambientales particulares del continente antártico. Desde la primera expedición de excavación hecha por el Laboratorio de Estudios Antárticos en Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (Leach), en 2010, un eje de investigación ha estado articulando la metodología de excavación a la conservación in situ. Este eje ha dado paso a este proyecto de investigación doctoral desarrollado en la Universitat Politècnica de València. / [CA] Aquest treball té com a objectiu investigar els mètodes de conservació in situ aplicables a lestroballes arqueològiques dels loberos-balleners, els quals estan compostos per material provinent de l'arxipèlag Shetland de Sud (Antàrtica Occidental). Els loberos-balleners van ser mariners duts al territori per companyies de caça de mamífers marins en els segles XVIII i XIX. Aquests caçadors habitaven temporalment en refugis construïts a l'Antàrtica. Les petjades que van deixar es caracteritzen per la presència de materials molt fràgils, que només es conserven a causa de les condicions ambientals particulars del continent antàrtic. Des de la primera expedició d'excavació feta pel Laboratori d'Estudis Antàrtics en Ciències Humanes de la Universitat Federal de Mines Gerais (Leach), el 2010, un eix d'investigació ha estat articulant la metodologia d'excavació a la conservació in situ. Aquest eix ha donat pas a aquest projecte de recerca doctoral desenvolupat a la Universitat Politècnica de València. / [EN] The proposal aims investigate the methods of the in situ preservation of the whalers' archaeological remains, concerning to the South Shetland Archipelago (Occidental Antarctica). The whalers were sailors taken to the territory by companies hunting of marine mammals of the 18th and 19th centuries. These hunters lived temporarily in shelters made in Antarctica. These traces are characterized by the presence of very fragile materials, that only preserved by the specific environmental conditions provided by the Antarctic context. Since the first excavation expedition made by of the Antarctic Studies Laboratory in Human Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Leach) in 2010, an axis of investigation is articulating the methodology excavation with the in situ conservation, which has become this PhD research project, developed together with the Universitat Politècnica de València. / La investigación ha recibido apoyo de la FAPEMIG, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Proyecto APQ 01366-17), del PROANTAR, Programa Antártico Brasileiro, y se ha llevado a cabo gracias al Programa de Doutorado Pleno no Exterior da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior‒CAPES (Brasil), por medio del Programa de Doutorado Pleno no Exterior de 2015. / De Alkmim Radicchi, G. (2022). Conservación in situ en el Proyecto Arqueología Antártica. Desafíos bajo el paralelo 60°S [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/182647