Existe cierto debate en cuanto a la función de la traducción de lenguas andinas. En vista a que las lenguas andinas han experimentado un largo proceso de colonización surge el supuesto de la subordinación lingüística por cuestiones de hegemonía. Este paradigma se manifiesta en diferentes escenarios sociales del mundo y en el Perú suscita, principalmente, en el entorno literario peruano que experimenta la participación de literatos quechua. La presente investigación pretende explorar los objetivos y mecanismos de los agentes del entorno literario andino a fin de analizar la función que ha tenido la traducción en la producción de literatura quechua. Por ello, se tendrá como referencia a los escritores vinculados al grupo editorial peruano Pakarina Ediciones, quienes suscitan un caso relevante en la literatura quechua debido a su amplia producción textual quechua bilingüe y la innovadora producción textual quechua monolingüe. Mediante entrevistas de tipo semiestructurada, la presente investigación analizará la actividad y perspectiva de los autores-traductores y el editor de Pakarina Ediciones con respecto al rol de la traducción en la literatura quechua del Perú. / There is a considerable debate about the translation of indigenous languages due to colonization history that has apparently prompted linguistical subordination. This possible subordination occurs in many social areas around the world, but in Peru, it could be mainly evident in Peruvian literature which deals with the active intervention of Quechua writers. This research will explore Peruvian Quechua writers’ objectives and strategies for analyzing the function of translation in Quechua literature. Particularly, this research will focus on agents of Pakarina Ediciones which is a Peruvian editorial that implies a relevant case due to the considerable bilingual Quechua literature and innovator monolingual Quechua literature. Through some semi-structured interviews, this study will analyze the activity and perspective of writers-translators and the editor of Pakarina Ediciones about translation function on Peruvian Quechua literature. / Trabajo de investigación

The study sought to explore possibilities of using ChiShona as a medium of instruction in the teaching of Mathematics in primary schools. The aim was to compare the use of English as a medium of instruction with ChiShona as medium of instruction in the teaching and learning of Mathematics to Grade 4 class. The other objective was to examine the people’s attitudes towards the use of mother tongue instruction in the teaching and learning of Mathematics in Zimbabwe primary schools. A practical teaching experiment was used to investigate the feasibility of using ChiShona as medium of instruction in the teaching and learning of Mathematics to Grade 4 class. In addition a descriptive survey research design which used questionnaires and interviews as data collection methods was employed for its usefulness in exploratory studies. A total of 750 people participated in the research and these were 40 Grade 4 learners (used for teaching experiment) 260 teachers/lecturers, 250 parents and 200 college/university learners. Data gathered was subjected to both quantitative and qualitative analysis resulting in data triangulation for validation. Major findings of the research indicated that the use of ChiShona as a medium of instruction in the teaching of Mathematics to primary school children is possible and that the use of the mother tongue instruction (ChiShona) impacted positively in the teaching of Mathematics to Grade 4 learners. The use of ChiShona as a medium of instruction in teaching Mathematics was effective and comparatively the learners who used ChiShona performed better than those who used English as a medium of instruction. However the research further concluded that people preferred that English remain the only medium of instruction from primary up to university level as English offers them better opportunities for employment compared to ChiShona. The study concludes that the continued use of English as medium of instruction means that African languages such as ChiShona will remain underdeveloped and fail to find their way in the classrooms as languages of instruction in education. The study finally recommends the need for an all-inclusive multi-lingual policy that uplifts the status of indigenous languages and their literature without annihilating English. / African Languages / D. Litt et Phil.

The study sought to explore perception and attitude towards the study of African languages in high schools and the resultant implications on human resources development and management. The research basically explored the diverse perception and attitude that prevail towards African languages in African countries in general and Zimbabwe in particular. The descriptive survey research design was used mainly for its effectiveness in exploratory research. Participants were drawn from selected high schools and universities in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analyses were used to collect data. Data gathered were then subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analyses for triangulation purposes. Major findings indicated that the perception and attitude towards the study of African languages in Zimbabwean high schools is generally negative. English language is preferred to and valued more than African languages. Such perception and attitude determine choices of programmes of study at tertiary level and the selective channeling of people into specific professional fields. Consequently, that impact on the development and management of potential human resources in professions related to African languages. The current language policy in Zimbabwe has no clear instrument that defines the place of African languages in the curriculum and work place as is the case with English. The choice of language to study at high school is thus determined by fossilised perception and attitude towards languages in general, coupled with lack of career guidance on the link between African languages and related career opportunities, in the belief that English is the gateway to success. The study clearly reveals that it is the Zimbabwean education system that should realize the potential of schools as agents of change in improving the status of African languages. Hence the study advocates restructuring of the curriculum. Proposals and recommendations to re-engineer the Zimbabwean curriculum so that indigenous African languages are made compulsory up to ‘A’ level were made. Such a bold move would uplift the status of African languages and at the same time improve perception and attitude towards their study as well as indirectly, but positively, impacting on human resources development and management in related disciplines. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

This study discusses the African perspective of the role of language in explaining development issues through the medium of drama and theatre in Zimbabwe. The problem of the study is centred on the idea that development was hardly measured through art. The researcher argues that language used in drama and theatre as a form of art can also contribute to development in Zimbabwe. This development can be witnessed through people’s changing lifestyles, acknowledging the importance of their mother tongue in communication and restoring hope in situations characterised by hopelessness and despair. Descriptive research design was used in the study because it allowed the researcher to dig much deeper into the subject. Data from respondents was gathered through the use of questionnaires, interviews and content/textual analysis of some scripts. In interrogating the issues of development through language in drama and theatre, the research was guided by the African Renaissance theory, Theatre for development and Hymes’ SPEAKING model. As a result, the study observes that language, a people’s indigenous language should be placed at the centre of a performance if that message being conveyed is to change or develop them. The key respondents to the study bring out the idea that there is no language which is superior to the other and the choice of language to be used in a work of art should be determined by the circumstances that prevail. Even the language which is used by the smallest population of people should be given space to flourish and be used by its people. Another major finding of the research is that language itself cannot change people but people change themselves through the use of a language that they understand. This calls for the initiative by the indigenous people and the powers that be to make sure that they use their language at different levels so that all facets of development can be witnessed within their lives. In the final analysis, the researcher recommends that policies that allow the total usage of all declared official languages in Zimbabwe. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African languages)

This study discusses the African perspective of the role of language in explaining development issues through the medium of drama and theatre in Zimbabwe. The problem of the study is centred on the idea that development was hardly measured through art. The researcher argues that language used in drama and theatre as a form of art can also contribute to development in Zimbabwe. This development can be witnessed through people’s changing lifestyles, acknowledging the importance of their mother tongue in communication and restoring hope in situations characterised by hopelessness and despair. Descriptive research design was used in the study because it allowed the researcher to dig much deeper into the subject. Data from respondents was gathered through the use of questionnaires, interviews and content/textual analysis of some scripts. In interrogating the issues of development through language in drama and theatre, the research was guided by the African Renaissance theory, Theatre for development and Hymes’ SPEAKING model. As a result, the study observes that language, a people’s indigenous language should be placed at the centre of a performance if that message being conveyed is to change or develop them. The key respondents to the study bring out the idea that there is no language which is superior to the other and the choice of language to be used in a work of art should be determined by the circumstances that prevail. Even the language which is used by the smallest population of people should be given space to flourish and be used by its people. Another major finding of the research is that language itself cannot change people but people change themselves through the use of a language that they understand. This calls for the initiative by the indigenous people and the powers that be to make sure that they use their language at different levels so that all facets of development can be witnessed within their lives. In the final analysis, the researcher recommends that policies that allow the total usage of all declared official languages in Zimbabwe. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African languages)

The study sought to explore perception and attitude towards the study of African languages in high schools and the resultant implications on human resources development and management. The research basically explored the diverse perception and attitude that prevail towards African languages in African countries in general and Zimbabwe in particular. The descriptive survey research design was used mainly for its effectiveness in exploratory research. Participants were drawn from selected high schools and universities in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analyses were used to collect data. Data gathered were then subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analyses for triangulation purposes. Major findings indicated that the perception and attitude towards the study of African languages in Zimbabwean high schools is generally negative. English language is preferred to and valued more than African languages. Such perception and attitude determine choices of programmes of study at tertiary level and the selective channeling of people into specific professional fields. Consequently, that impact on the development and management of potential human resources in professions related to African languages. The current language policy in Zimbabwe has no clear instrument that defines the place of African languages in the curriculum and work place as is the case with English. The choice of language to study at high school is thus determined by fossilised perception and attitude towards languages in general, coupled with lack of career guidance on the link between African languages and related career opportunities, in the belief that English is the gateway to success. The study clearly reveals that it is the Zimbabwean education system that should realize the potential of schools as agents of change in improving the status of African languages. Hence the study advocates restructuring of the curriculum. Proposals and recommendations to re-engineer the Zimbabwean curriculum so that indigenous African languages are made compulsory up to ‘A’ level were made. Such a bold move would uplift the status of African languages and at the same time improve perception and attitude towards their study as well as indirectly, but positively, impacting on human resources development and management in related disciplines. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-10-09T19:08:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rodrigo Mesquita - 2015.pdf: 1724032 bytes, checksum: b265b14948cf4290d05ddcc192403763 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-10-09T19:09:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rodrigo Mesquita - 2015.pdf: 1724032 bytes, checksum: b265b14948cf4290d05ddcc192403763 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-09T19:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rodrigo Mesquita - 2015.pdf: 1724032 bytes, checksum: b265b14948cf4290d05ddcc192403763 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The Xerente inhabit the right margin of the Tocantins river, approximately 100 km north of Palmas (TO), and the population comprises 3,600 individuals. After more than two hundred years of contact with non-indigenous populations, the Xerente maintain their language and unique cultural traits, a particular way to perceive and immerse themselves in real life. As a consequence of this accelerated process of contact with non-indigenous populations, the Xerente are now in a stage of high bilingualism (BRAGGIO, 2012), a situation that reveals several phenomena, among them, one which is called code-switching (CS). Our work focuses on this phenomenon. The goal is to attain a broad understanding of grammatical and typological characteristics and the social and pragmatic motivations of CS in the Xerentespeaking community. Data from the grammatical analysis, performed with the support of the Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF) and 4-M (MYERS-SCOTTON, 1993a, 2002) models show that, in the CS used by the Akwe, the matrix language (ML) is predominantly the Xerente language, while the Portuguese language is relegated to the position of embedded language (EL) within the bilingual projection of Complementizer (CP), the unit of analysis of the MFL. Additionally, our data present samples of facts which previous studies applying the MLF model have considered to be rare. It has to do with the isolated insertion of grammatical morphemes presenting with the trace [-refers to grammatical information outside of Maximal Projection of Head] and adverbs, which we see, along with the recurrent use of some names and verbs from the Portuguese language (probably borrowings), as evidence of the advanced degree of contact between the Xerente and the Portuguese languages. This reflects the different weight of these languages in certain social domains. The configurations of this contact are also revealed by the analysis of the sociolinguistic variables and the social and pragmatic motivation of the CS, realized under the light of the Markedness Model (MYERSSCOTTON, 1993b), supported by Gumperz (1982) social and interactional approach and the assumptions of the Ethnography of Communication (HYMES, 1972[1964], 1974, 1986). It is then possible to determine that in the urban environment, among the younger population with more schooling, there is a more intense and varied use of CS. In the topic variable analysis, CS is mostly used in subjects regarding social domains related to the predominant language/culture, exactly where there are instances of diglossic conflicts in which languages find themselves in a situation of competitiveness, as pointed out by Braggio (2010). Among the events analyzed, the ritual speech of the elders is, by far, that which presents the greatest resistance to contact with Portuguese. However, in events that take place in the city, as well as other events in which topics are related to that environment, we see CS being used more frequently and presenting greater diversity/complexity. The phenomenon presents itself as a unmarked or exploratory choice, precisely in these events, which gives Portuguese a series of attributes that include the traces [+education], [+formality], [+authority], [+official] and [+sociocultural status]. In view of that, we believe that a broad understanding of CS and of the sociolinguistic configurations in which it takes place, can contribute to the academic education of indigenous populations, in the sense that it will help in the preparation of pedagogical materials. It will also help to establish goals for linguistic policies geared towards providing vitality, and strength to the linguistic and cultural autonomy of the Xerente people. Moreover, the paper also offers a contribution to sociolinguistics, to the study of languages in contact and to the study of indigenous languages, most notably, the Akwe-Xerente language. / O povo indígena xerente (Jê) habita a margem direita do rio Tocantins, aproximadamente cem quilômetros ao norte de Palmas (TO) e tem uma população estimada em 3.600 indivíduos. Após um histórico de mais de duzentos anos de contato com os não índios, os xerente mantêm a sua língua e traços culturais singulares, que constituem uma maneira particular de perceber e se inserir na realidade. Em consequência desse processo de contato cada vez mais acelerado, os xerente se encontram em estágio de bilinguismo alto (BRAGGIO, 2012), situação reveladora de fenômenos diversos, entre eles, o code-switching (CS). Nosso trabalho tem foco especial sobre esse fenômeno, com objetivo de seu entendimento amplo no que diz respeito às características gramaticais, tipológicas e as motivações sócio-pragmáticas do code-switching na comunidade de fala xerente. Os dados da análise gramatical, realizada com suporte dos modelos Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF) e 4-M (MYERS-SCOTTON, 1993a, 2002) mostram que, no CS utilizado pelos akwe, a matrix language (ML), majoritariamente, é a língua xerente, restando ao português a posição de embedded language (EL) dentro da projeção do complementador (ou CP bilíngue), unidade de análise do modelo MLF. Além disso, nossos dados apresentam amostras que constituem fatos considerados mais raros em estudos prévios que aplicaram o modelo MLF. Trata-se de inserções isoladas de morfemas gramaticais que apresentam o traço [- referência à informação gramatical externa ao núcleo do sintagma] e advérbios, o que enxergamos, juntamente com a recorrência do uso de alguns nomes e verbos do português (prováveis empréstimos), como um indício do grau avançado de contato entre as línguas xerente e portuguesa, reflexo da diferença de peso entre elas em alguns domínios sociais. Essas configurações do contato também são reveladas pelas análises das variáveis sociolinguísticas e das motivações sócio-pragmáticas do CS, realizadas sob o prisma do Modelo de Marcação (MYERS-SCOTTON, 1993b), com apoio da abordagem sociointeracional de Gumperz (1982) e dos pressupostos da Etnografia da Comunicação (HYMES, 1972[1964], 1974 e 1986). Verifica-se, então, que é no ambiente urbano, entre os mais jovens e mais escolarizados que se dá uma maior intensidade e variedade no uso de CS. Na análise da variável tópico, destaca-se o uso de CS em assuntos que abrangem domínios sociais relacionados à língua/cultura dominante, exatamente onde há pontos de conflitos diglóssicos em que as línguas são levadas, como aponta Braggio (2010), a uma situação de concorrência. Entre os eventos analisados, as falas rituais dos anciãos são, de longe, os eventos mais resistentes ao contato com o português. Já os eventos realizados na cidade, assim como os demais eventos em que os tópicos são relacionados a tal ambiente, são os que apresentam maior frequência e diversidade/complexidade de CS. O fenômeno se apresenta como escolha não marcada ou exploratória justamente nesses eventos, o que configura o português como um índice de um conjunto de atributos que inclui os traços [+educação], [+formalidade], [+autoridade], [+oficial] e [+status sociocultural]. Diante disso, acreditamos que o amplo entendimento do code-switching e das configurações sociolinguísticas em que ele ocorre, pode contribuir para educação escolar indígena, no sentido de auxiliar na elaboração de materiais didáticos e a traçar metas de políticas linguísticas voltadas para a vitalização, fortalecimento da autonomia linguística e cultural do povo akwe. Ademais, o trabalho também oferece uma contribuição à linguística, à sociolinguística, ao estudo de línguas em contato e ao estudo das línguas indígenas, em especial da língua akwe xerente.

Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'Angelis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T04:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_FabianaRaquel_M.pdf: 3403107 bytes, checksum: 7039accd29b3d720994c899bd1e43f6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Um Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica, de autoria de José Joaquim Machado de Oliveira, veio à luz em 1936, publicado na "Revista do Arquivo Municipal" de São Paulo, quase 70 anos após a morte do seu autor. A versão editada e publicada pela revista não traz indicação alguma sobre a(s) fonte(s) dos dados registrados nesse Vocabulário Elementar. Entretanto, o seu título, o seu conteúdo linguístico e a biografia de seu autor sugerem uma relação com a Língua Geral Paulista, língua originada no idioma dos índios tupi de São Vicente e alto do rio Tietê; falada, inicialmente, na região de São Vicente e do planalto paulista e levada pela ação das bandeiras paulistas para os estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso e norte do atual estado do Paraná. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a provável origem dos dados apresentados no Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica para determinar se, no todo ou em parte, ele pode ser considerado uma fonte (rara) da Língua Geral Paulista. Para tanto, os dados contidos nesse vocabulário foram analisados e confrontados com outros documentos de registros das línguas gerais que se desenvolveram no atual território brasileiro, com especial atenção aos raros registros da Língua Geral Paulista. Dada a escassez de documentação sobre essa língua, para a análise comparativa dos dados, foram utilizados critérios fonológicos e morfológicos. A insuficiência de documentação não permitiu a utilização de critérios gramaticais. Através da análise linguística dos dados, constatou-se que o Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica de Joaquim José Machado de Oliveira constitui em parte uma rara e significativa fonte para o conhecimento da Língua Geral Paulista falada no início do século XIX. Embora, o seu autor, Machado de Oliveira, tenha reunido em um só documento dados de fontes e de línguas distintas, o valor histórico e, principalmente, linguístico desse vocabulário não pode ser minimizado, em razão da escassez de documentação dessa língua e, sobretudo, da variedade falada no século XIX e do processo que levou à sua substituição pelo português / Abstract: A "Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica" authored by Joaquim José Machado de Oliveira came to light in 1936 published in the "Revista do Arquivo Municipal de São Paulo", almost 70 years after the death of its author. The version edited and published by the magazine brings no indication of the source(s) of the data. However, its title, its linguistic content and biography of its author suggest a connection to the Língua Geral Paulista, the language that originated in the language of the Tupi Indians of São Vicente and upper Tietê River; it was initially spoken in the region of São Vicente and on the upland of São Paulo and it was taken to the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso and the north of the current state of Paraná by the action of the bandeiras Paulistas. The objective of this research was to determine the source of the data presented in the "Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica" and determine whether in whole or in part, it can be considered a (rare) source of the "Língua Geral Paulista". Therefore, the data presented in this vocabulary were analyzed and compared with other documents of the other Línguas Gerais that developed in the current Brazilian territory, with special attention to the rare records of the Língua Geral Paulista. Due to the lack of documentation on this language, for comparative data analysis, phonological and morphological criteria were used. The lack of documentation did not allow the use of grammatical criteria. By the linguistic analysis of the data, it was found that the "Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica" by Joaquim José Machado de Oliveira is partly a rare and significant source for understanding the Língua Geral Paulista spoken in the first half of the nineteenth century. Although, its author, Machado de Oliveira, assembled in one document data from different languages, the historic and especially linguistic value of this vocabulary can not be minimized, given the shortage of documentation on the language, and especially on the variety spoken in the nineteenth century and the process that led to its replacement by the Portuguese / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

A mediados de 2013, durante el levantamiento de datos de la lengua indígena brasileña Yaathe para la elaboración de un TCC, se observó que ocurría algo no muy común en las lenguas naturales y que se hace mucho tiempo intrigaba investigadores experientesde la lengua: sílabas con vocales orales y nasales prolongadas como núcleo, qué hora atraen el acento principal, o no. Comparamos, entonces, la duración en los diferentes tipos de vocales de la lengua, que posee, además de vocales largas acentuadas y vocales largas no acentuadas. De ahí vino a la motivación para el análisis que proponemos en esta disertación: aclarar por qué ese fenómeno ocurre en la lengua, cuál es la relación del acento con el correlato fonético duración. De este modo, este trabajo realiza un análisis estadístico descriptivo del correlato fonético duración a fin de observar si esa duración es un correlato fonético confiable para marcar la prominencia acentual en la lengua, hipótesis levantado por Cabral (2009). Nuestra propuesta de estudio fue amparada en la teoría el enfoque fonético de los estudios de la lengua, la espina dorsal de los estudios fonético-acústicos de los sonidos del lenguaje humano. Nos basamos en Kent &Read (2015), Delgado Martins (1992), Barbosa y Madureira (2016), Ladefoged (2007), entre otros estudiosos. Los datos para el análisis fueron colectadosentre 2011 y 2013 y componen el corpus digital del proyecto titulado "Documentación de la lengua indígena brasileña Yaathe (Fulni-ô)", financiado por el CNPq. Las palabras para análisis fueron seleccionadas de dicho banco de datos, de acuerdo con los criterios número de sílabas (hasta tres sílabas) y estructura silábica.Consideramos el inventario de vocales de la lengua ya apuntados en trabajos anteriores sobre la lengua: Costa (1999); Cabral (2009); (2011, 2016). Las vocales fueron cortadas de las palabras y segmentadas utilizando el PRAAT. Los valores de la duración de cada segmento se extrajeron después de girar en misma aplicación (PRAAT) un Script, otra posibilidad que el propio programa ofrece para optimizar la extracción de valores automáticamente, esos valores fueron transportados al Exel, donde se calculó unamedia para cada tipo de vocal, en el caso de las orales, y la media para las nasales largas y breves en los dos contextos, acentuado y no acentuado.En posesión de esos valores, comparamos los valores medios de la duración. Este trabajo está organizado en tres secciones: en la primera sección, hacemos un panorama sobre el pueblo y la lengua de los Fulni-ô, informaciones etnográficas, así como apuntamos a los objetivos de la investigación; en la segunda sección, abordamos el aporte teórico utilizado en nuestra investigación; en la última sección, análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos, comparando la duración entre vocales acentuadas y no acentuadas. Nuestros resultados muestran que el acento está marcado por la combinación de más de un correlato fonético, la duración y la intensidad, ya que la frecuencia ya fue descartada en el análisis preliminar de Cabral (2009). Así, nuestros resultados sugieren correlación entre la duración y la intensidad para marcar el acento en Yaathe. Para la duración tenemos la hipótesis confirmada. Para la intensidad, tenemos una nueva hipótesis levantada a ser confirmada en un nuevo estudio. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Em meados de 2013, durante o levantamento de dados da língua indígena brasileira Yaathe para elaboração de um TCC, observou-se que ocorria algo não muito comum em línguas naturais e que há muito tempo intrigava pesquisadores experientes da língua: sílabas com vogais orais e nasais alongadas como núcleo, que ora atraem o acento principal, ora não. Comparamos, então, a duração nos diferentes tipos de vogais da língua, que possui, além de vogais longas acentuadas e vogais longas não acentuadas, vogais breves acentuadas e vogais breves não acentuadas. Daí veio à motivação para a análise que propomos nesta dissertação: esclarecer por que esse fenômeno acontece na língua, qual a relação do acento com o correlato fonético duração. Desse modo, este trabalho realiza uma análise estatística descritiva do correlato fonético duração a fim de observar se essa duração é um correlato fonético confiável para marcação da proeminência acentual na língua, hipótese levantada por Cabral (2009). Nossa proposta de estudo foi amparada na teoria da abordagem fonética dos estudos da língua, a espinha dorsal dos estudos fonético-acústicos dos sons da linguagem humana. Baseamo-nos em Kent &Read (2015), Delgado Martins(1992),Barbosa e Madureira (2016), Ladefoged (2007), entre outros estudiosos. Os dados para analise foram coletados entre 2011 e 2013 e compõem o corpus digital do projeto intitulado "Documentação da língua indígena brasileira Yaathe (Fulni-ô)", financiado pelo CNPq. As palavras para análise foram selecionadas do referido banco de dados, de acordo com os critérios número de sílabas (até três sílabas) e estrutura silábica. Consideramos o inventário de vogais da língua já depreendido em trabalhos anteriores sobre a língua: Costa (1999); Cabral(2009); Silva (2011, 2016). As vogais foram cortadas das palavras e segmentadas utilizando-se o PRAAT. Os valores da duração de cada segmento foram extraídos depois de ser rodado nesse mesmo aplicativo um Script, outra possibilidade que o próprio programa oferece para otimizar a extração de valores automaticamente, esses valores foram transportados para o Excel, onde foi calculada uma média para cada tipo de vogal, no caso das orais, e a média para as nasais longas e breves nos dois contextos, acentuado e não acentuado. De posse desses valores, comparamos os valores médios da duração. Este trabalho está organizado em três seções: na primeira seção, fazemos um panorama sobre o povo e a língua dos Fulni-ô, informações etnográficas, bem como apontamos para os objetivos da pesquisa; na segunda seção, abordamos o aporte teórico utilizado em nossa pesquisa; na última seção, trazemos a análise estatística e descritiva dos dados, comparando a duração entre vogais acentuadas e não acentuadas. Nossos resultados mostram que o acento é marcado pela combinação de mais de um correlato fonético, a duração e a intensidade, uma vez que a frequência já foi descartada na análise preliminar de Cabral (2009). Assim, nossos resultados sugerem correlação entre a duração e a intensidade para a marcação do acento em Yaathe. Para a duração, consideramos a hipótese confirmada. Para a intensidade, temos uma nova hipótese levantada a ser confirmada em um novo estudo.

En prenant en compte le contexte des nombreuses dépossessions, de l’arrachement et de l’invisibilisation des langues Autochtones, puis de l’imposition des langues coloniales dont la littérature des pensionnats témoigne avec force détail, cette thèse aménage une réflexion autour de la manière dont les autrices Autochtones contemporaines, qui écrivent en anglais ou en français (Virginia Pésémapéo Bordeleau, Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm, Marie-Andrée Gill, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, Natasha Kanapé Fontaine et Cherie Dimaline), négocient avec le langage dans leurs œuvres. Plus spécifiquement, par une lecture au plus près des textes littéraires, cette thèse étudie la façon dont les écritures Autochtones sont des lieux de savoir profondément corporéïsés, situés et relationnels et, en tant que telles, elles donnent à penser les pouvoirs du langage en employant les moyens du littéraire. L’hypothèse formulée est donc que les littératures Autochtones actuelles élaborent des théories critiques du langage dans lesquelles le corps, la langue et le territoire (physique et métaphysique) sont intimement liés; le langage et sa conceptualisation par les écrivaines font ainsi se manifester une toile de relations que supporte la littérature par la création et la mise en présence de cette interconnexion entre le monde sensible et spirituel, entre les êtres humaines et les êtres autres qu’humaines. Bref, en appuyant les réflexions sur les épistémologies Autochtones (Kovach, Wilson, Ermine, Bazile, Sioui, Simpson, Bacon, Vizenor), cette thèse avance que, moins par un retour à des structures linguistiques que par le truchement d’une imagination poétique et narrative, les autrices à l’étude réclament les épistémologies et créent des théories du langage qui sont ramenées sur la scène de la présence littéraire. / Considering the context of multiple dispossessions, the extraction and invisibilization of Indigenous languages, and the subsequent imposition of colonial languages, which residential school literature recounts in great detail, this dissertation reflects on how contemporary Indigenous women writers, who write in English or in French (Virginia Pésémapéo Bordeleau, Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm, Marie-Andrée Gill, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, Natasha Kanapé Fontaine and Cherie Dimaline), are attempting to (re)negotiate both Indigenous and colonial languages in their works. More specifically, through a close reading of selected texts, this thesis explores how Indigenous literatures are deeply embodied, situated, and relational places of knowledge and, as such, they convey the possibilities of language through their literary interventions. Thus, I argue that contemporary Indigenous literatures enable the creation of critical theories of language, in which body, language, and land (both physical and metaphysical) are intimately connected; language, and its conceptualization by women writers, enables a web of relations through writing that presents this interconnectedness between the sensible and spiritual worlds, and between human and other-than-human beings. Building on Indigenous epistemologies (Kovach, Wilson, Ermine, Bazile, Sioui, Simpson, Bacon, Vizenor), this thesis argues that through poetic and narrative imagination, which differs from a return to the linguistic structures of Indigenous languages, the creative writers explored in this dissertation are reclaiming epistemologies and creating theories of language by putting them at the forefront of their literary practices.