The influence of parental marital status and parental conflict on the separation-individuation process of college students was investigated in the present study. Past studies have suggested that parental divorce and parental conflict accelerate separation. However, no studies have measured more than one dimension of separation-individuation. In this study the process of separation-individuation was operationalized as involving three dimensions: psychological separation from parents (Psychological Separation Inventory); emotional attachments to parents and peers (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment); and the development of an identity (Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status). The sample consisted of 120 male and 120 female undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 22, one-half with parents who were married and one-half with parents who had divorced in the last five years. Subjects completed self-report measures of parental conflict, psychological separation, attachment to parents and to peers, and identity status. Predictions that parental conflict would affect students in intact families differently than their peers with divorced parents were not supported. Instead, parental divorce and conflict were found to have different effects on the components of the separation-individuation process. Subjects reporting higher parental conflict levels described more independent functioning, more negative feelings toward parents, less attachment to parents and to peers, and greater exploration of identity-related issues in comparison to those reporting low levels of conflict. Subjects with parents who had recently divorced reported lower attachment to parents, and greater identity exploration and reluctance to commit to an identity than subjects from intact families. Males reported greater independence from and less attachment to parents, and had committed to an identity without exploration less often than females. Results suggest that parental divorce and conflict may influence adolescent development in different ways. Exploratory analyses suggested that measures of conflict style are more highly related to indices of separation-individuation than measures of the amount of parental conflict. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é, a partir do referencial junguiano, ampliar a compreensão de como está se dando a experiência de paternidade atualmente, com foco na subjetividade masculina: qual o impacto que a experiência de se tornar pai vem causando no processo de desenvolvimento psicológico do homem - seu processo de individuação. Em busca de maior compreensão do significado atual da paternidade para os próprios homens na condição de pais, procura-se observar como o arquétipo paterno está se constelando na sociedade atual, de acordo com os novos modos de sentir e de se comportar, tendo em vista uma atitude mais favorável à alteridade e às relações democráticas. A partir de uma contextualização histórico-social, reconstitui-se um cenário marcado pelas reformulações nas concepções de masculino e feminino que vêm ocorrendo nas últimas décadas, e que interferem coletivamente nas identidades de gênero, portanto na subjetividade masculina, com desdobramentos nas expectativas que recaem sobre a figura do pai. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que tem como principal instrumento a entrevista individual, com base em um roteiro de temas e questões abordados de forma semi-dirigida. A partir dos depoimentos, observa-se a representação e a vivência de paternidade em transformação através de manifestações da paternidade distintas do padrão patriarcal dominante, caracterizado pelo afastamento afetivo no comportamento masculino. Verifica-se uma crescente expectativa por parte dos homens de maior participação na gravidez, parto e cuidados junto ao filho, acompanhada de envolvimento emocional expresso. Destacam-se na análise os temas do \'desejo de ser pai\' e \'modelos de pai\', que se articulam em torno da afetividade masculina e paterna em transformação. Constata-se a coexistência de múltiplas referências e a valorização dessa pluralidade expressa em comportamentos e valores, o que contrasta com antigos modelos até então tidos como hegemônicos. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que a crise vivenciada nesse âmbito, em função da instabilidade gerada pelo período de transição que desorganiza tanto a estrutura emocional quanto as estruturas familiares, promove, a médio e longo prazo, crescimento tanto para o indivíduo como para a sociedade. / The purpose of this research is to broaden the understanding of how the experience of fatherhood is taking place at the present time, using a Jungian perspective: to find out what the impact of the experience of becoming a father is causing on men\'s developmental process and process of individuation. As a better understanding about the meaning of fatherhood nowadays for men themselves as fathers is searched, we analyse how the paternal archetype is being constellated in contemporary society, according to new modes of feeling and behaviour, aiming at a more favorable approach towards alterity and democratic relationships. After a sociohistoric contextualization, emerges a scenario marked by reformulation in the conceptions of masculine and feminine over the last decades, which interferes on the aggregate level in gender identities and, therefore, on male subjectivity as well, with consequences for the expectations towards the father figure. This is a qualitative research based on individual interviews supported by a semi-directed script of issues and questions. Based on these statements, we observe the representation and the experience of fatherhood in transformation throughout manifestations of fatherhood that differ from the dominant pattern (patriarchal) and characterized by emotional aloofness as a common male trait. Men\'s growing expectation towards greater participation over pregnancy, childbirth and day-to-day care has been identified, as well as explicit emotional involvement. \'Willingness to be a father\' and \'models of father\' were emphasized issues, involving male and paternal affection in transformation. The coexistence of multiple frames of reference along with such diversity, as expressed in behaviours and values, have been demonstrated. This contrasts with old models considered, until now, to be hegemonic. We worked with the hypothesis that the crisis in this area, due to instability generated by this transitory period that disorganizes both emotional and family structures, generates, over medium and long range, development for the individual as well as for society.

<p>This thesis deals with the concepts of individual and individuation as defined by Leibniz and Spinoza. I go through the use and definition of the concept of individual in four stages.</p><p>First I discuss the individual as conceived by Spinoza as a relation formed by a composition of parts and the individual as conceived by Leibniz as a complete notion consisting of all the events in the life of a subject.</p><p>Next is the roll of perception in Leibniz discussed, likewise individuation through different perception with varying distinctness, and the affinity of perception with affection.</p><p>The discussions concerning the individual concludes in a section about the essence of the individual as being the desire of the individual. In the last stage, I discuss the multitude as being an own individual.</p> / <p>Den här uppsatsen handlar om individ och individuation som det definieras hos Leibniz och Spinoza. Jag följer användandet och definitionen av individ i fyra etapper.</p><p>Först diskuterar jag Spinozas individ som relationen av en sammansättning av delar och Leibniz individ som en fullständig notion bestående av alla händelser i ett subjekts liv.</p><p>Därefter diskuteras perceptionens roll hos Leibniz, liksom individuation genom olika tydliga perceptioner, samt perceptionens affinitet med affektionen.</p><p>För individens del mynnar diskussionerna ut i en del om individens essens i form av dess begär. Den sista etappen diskuterar mångfalden såsom en egen individ.</p>

This thesis deals with the concepts of individual and individuation as defined by Leibniz and Spinoza. I go through the use and definition of the concept of individual in four stages. First I discuss the individual as conceived by Spinoza as a relation formed by a composition of parts and the individual as conceived by Leibniz as a complete notion consisting of all the events in the life of a subject. Next is the roll of perception in Leibniz discussed, likewise individuation through different perception with varying distinctness, and the affinity of perception with affection. The discussions concerning the individual concludes in a section about the essence of the individual as being the desire of the individual. In the last stage, I discuss the multitude as being an own individual. / Den här uppsatsen handlar om individ och individuation som det definieras hos Leibniz och Spinoza. Jag följer användandet och definitionen av individ i fyra etapper. Först diskuterar jag Spinozas individ som relationen av en sammansättning av delar och Leibniz individ som en fullständig notion bestående av alla händelser i ett subjekts liv. Därefter diskuteras perceptionens roll hos Leibniz, liksom individuation genom olika tydliga perceptioner, samt perceptionens affinitet med affektionen. För individens del mynnar diskussionerna ut i en del om individens essens i form av dess begär. Den sista etappen diskuterar mångfalden såsom en egen individ.

La filière viticole française subit une récession de longue période sur son marché domestique dont les raisons profondes sont autant d'ordre sociologique et culturelle qu'économique. Parallèlement, elle se doit de tenir son rang sur les marchés internationaux où l'on observe une croissance de la consommation et une compétition plus vive de la part d'acteurs du nouveau monde. Face ces évolutions, la compréhension du consommateur, des différents acteurs de la filière ainsi que des outils marketing qu'ils emploient doit être interrogée et revisitée. Le but de cette thèse sur travaux est de décrire des évolutions de la filière et de présenter une tendance à la dé-individuation économique de ce domaine. Le principe d'individuation, avant tout d'ordre psychologique et biologique, postule qu'un individu diffère de tout autre et le distingue. Dans un contexte managérial, l'individuation peut être perçue d'une part dans l'étude du consommateur au travers de ses attentes, de ses besoins et de son comportement lors d'expérience d'achat, d'autre part dans l'analyse du comportement des offreurs, ici essentiellement des industriels – négociants, dans leur comportement stratégique, leur structure financière et les outils de développement employés. Par ailleurs, les choix opérés dans la gouvernance de la filière par les pouvoirs publics et les Interprofessions peuvent, dans leurs objectifs influer sur cette individuation économique. A contrario, la dé-individuation exprime ici un comportement de l'ensemble des parties prenantes d'un domaine tendant à réduire le caractère unique et différencié de chacun pour aller vers des formes de standardisation. Afin de présenter la dé-individuation économique dans la filière viticole, notre recherche repose sur une série de publications antérieures faites dans trois domaines : tout d'abord l'analyse de l'acheteur et du consommateur de vin dans un contexte de postmodernité approché au travers de ses expériences de consommation et des représentations qu'il s'en fait. Puis auprès d'une population d'entreprises viticoles françaises en observant les disparités et les similarités de leur structure financière et de leur stratégie notamment pour expliquer leur performance à l'export. Enfin, en étudiant des outils marketing employés par la profession parmi lesquels la marque dont on connaît le pouvoir de standardisation des comportements. Nos contributions enrichissent le corps théorique sur le comportement du consommateur et des formes contemporaines de gouvernance des entreprises. Pour la profession viticole, nos recherches contribuent à une prospective du domaine pour élaborer des scénarios futurs, mais aussi pour les managers des entreprises concernées par des prises de décision plus opérationnelles. / The French wine industry has been facing a recession for a long period, on its domestic market. Main reasons are sociological, cultural and not only economical. Simultaneously this industry has to maintain its position on the international markets where a growth in consumption can be observed and also a more intense competition due to actors coming from the new world. In front of these evolutions, the understanding of the consumer and of the different actors on this industry but also of the used marketing tools has to be questioned and explored. The aim of our "thèse sur travaux", is to describe the evolution of the wine industry and to present a trend to economic de individuation in this sector. The individuation principle, a psychological concept at the origin, expresses the idea that each person is differentiated from others. In the managerial context, individuation can be perceived first thanks to the study of the consumer through his waiting's, needs and his behaviour during the purchasing experience, second with the analysis of the offers' behaviour, here particularly the wine merchants in their strategy, their financial structure and the promotional tools they use, and third with the choices made for the wine industry governance by public regulators and administrative boards of the different wine regions. In the contrary, the economic de individuation expresses behaviours of all the stakeholders of the domain, desiring to reduce their individual and differentiate character. In order to present the economic de individuation in the wine industry, our research will be based on a series of previous publications conducted in three domains: first, analysing the wine consumer in the context of postmodernism thanks to the observation of their experience and associated representations. Second, observing a sample of French wine merchants, the disparities and similarities of their financial structures and strategies particularly as explanation of their export performance. Third, studying the marketing tools used in this industry. The wine branding activity whose standardization power is well-known is above all developed. Our contributions provide theoretical background with consumer behaviour and contemporaneous forms of the firms' governance issues. For the wine industry, our investigations contribute to a prospective vision of the domain, in order to elaborate scenarios for the future, but also for managers of the concerned firms for their operational decisions.

No description available.

This paper investigates ideas and expectations by the mother, grandfather and teacher of monozygotic twins  about  their  development,  considering  the sociocultural constructivist perspective. Through an interpretive-qualitative analysis, categories were constructed inferred from participant’s narratives. Results show that: a) cultural and educational prac- tices carried out within school and family contexts depend on adults’ beliefs about twinship;b) such practices may have fundamental impact over the development of subjectivity of each child; c) there are divergences about beliefs and expectations held by family and school contexts about twins’ behaviors and performances; d) there is a dialogical tension between promoting similarity and/or individuation/differentiation processes. / El artículo analiza las teorías y creencias de la madre, abuela y profesora de gemelos monocigóticos sobre su desarrollo, considerando la perspectiva sociocultural constructivista. Se construyeron categorías a través de una análisis interpretativo-cualitativo de las entrevistas. Los resultados señalan que a) las prácticas culturales y educativas en la escuela y la familia dependen de las creencias que tienen los adultos sobre la condición de gemelaridad; b) dichas prácticas parecen tener un gran impacto sobre el desarrollo de las subjetividades de los gemelos; c) existen divergencias en cuando a las creencias y expectativas de la familia y de la escuela en relación al comportamiento y desempeño de los niños; d) existe una tensión dialógica entre promover una similitud en los procesos de individuación.

La filière viticole française subit une récession de longue période sur son marché domestique dont les raisons profondes sont autant d'ordre sociologique et culturelle qu'économique. Parallèlement, elle se doit de tenir son rang sur les marchés internationaux où l'on observe une croissance de la consommation et une compétition plus vive de la part d'acteurs du nouveau monde. Face ces évolutions, la compréhension du consommateur, des différents acteurs de la filière ainsi que des outils marketing qu'ils emploient doit être interrogée et revisitée. Le but de cette thèse sur travaux est de décrire des évolutions de la filière et de présenter une tendance à la dé-individuation économique de ce domaine. Le principe d'individuation, avant tout d'ordre psychologique et biologique, postule qu'un individu diffère de tout autre et le distingue. Dans un contexte managérial, l'individuation peut être perçue d'une part dans l'étude du consommateur au travers de ses attentes, de ses besoins et de son comportement lors d'expérience d'achat, d'autre part dans l'analyse du comportement des offreurs, ici essentiellement des industriels – négociants, dans leur comportement stratégique, leur structure financière et les outils de développement employés. Par ailleurs, les choix opérés dans la gouvernance de la filière par les pouvoirs publics et les Interprofessions peuvent, dans leurs objectifs influer sur cette individuation économique. A contrario, la dé-individuation exprime ici un comportement de l'ensemble des parties prenantes d'un domaine tendant à réduire le caractère unique et différencié de chacun pour aller vers des formes de standardisation. Afin de présenter la dé-individuation économique dans la filière viticole, notre recherche repose sur une série de publications antérieures faites dans trois domaines : tout d'abord l'analyse de l'acheteur et du consommateur de vin dans un contexte de postmodernité approché au travers de ses expériences de consommation et des représentations qu'il s'en fait. Puis auprès d'une population d'entreprises viticoles françaises en observant les disparités et les similarités de leur structure financière et de leur stratégie notamment pour expliquer leur performance à l'export. Enfin, en étudiant des outils marketing employés par la profession parmi lesquels la marque dont on connaît le pouvoir de standardisation des comportements. Nos contributions enrichissent le corps théorique sur le comportement du consommateur et des formes contemporaines de gouvernance des entreprises. Pour la profession viticole, nos recherches contribuent à une prospective du domaine pour élaborer des scénarios futurs, mais aussi pour les managers des entreprises concernées par des prises de décision plus opérationnelles. / The French wine industry has been facing a recession for a long period, on its domestic market. Main reasons are sociological, cultural and not only economical. Simultaneously this industry has to maintain its position on the international markets where a growth in consumption can be observed and also a more intense competition due to actors coming from the new world. In front of these evolutions, the understanding of the consumer and of the different actors on this industry but also of the used marketing tools has to be questioned and explored. The aim of our "thèse sur travaux", is to describe the evolution of the wine industry and to present a trend to economic de individuation in this sector. The individuation principle, a psychological concept at the origin, expresses the idea that each person is differentiated from others. In the managerial context, individuation can be perceived first thanks to the study of the consumer through his waiting's, needs and his behaviour during the purchasing experience, second with the analysis of the offers' behaviour, here particularly the wine merchants in their strategy, their financial structure and the promotional tools they use, and third with the choices made for the wine industry governance by public regulators and administrative boards of the different wine regions. In the contrary, the economic de individuation expresses behaviours of all the stakeholders of the domain, desiring to reduce their individual and differentiate character. In order to present the economic de individuation in the wine industry, our research will be based on a series of previous publications conducted in three domains: first, analysing the wine consumer in the context of postmodernism thanks to the observation of their experience and associated representations. Second, observing a sample of French wine merchants, the disparities and similarities of their financial structures and strategies particularly as explanation of their export performance. Third, studying the marketing tools used in this industry. The wine branding activity whose standardization power is well-known is above all developed. Our contributions provide theoretical background with consumer behaviour and contemporaneous forms of the firms' governance issues. For the wine industry, our investigations contribute to a prospective vision of the domain, in order to elaborate scenarios for the future, but also for managers of the concerned firms for their operational decisions.

This study arose from the experience of difficulties in individuating incorporating tensions in the self-group, self-other, and self-self relational dimensions. This situation initiated the questions: What does individuation mean in collectivist cultures? Can selfexpression occur in a different way to opposing public opinion? Can one conceptualise experiential dialectics to facilitate their resolution in practice? The literature initiated the questions: How do Western theories on individuation incorporate 'culture'? Does a relationship between the socio-cultural context and the process of self-expression exist? Conclusions were: - that the socio-cultural context influences this experience directly by influencing the process of self-expression via defining what is experienced as narcissistic, altruistic, or individualistic behaviour, and indirectly by the theories which reflect its norms; - that the relationship between experience, and theory and personal epistemologies potentially initiate tensions, and facilitate their resolution; - that a theory of individuation in collectivist cultures is lacking. A way of interpreting 'individuation' was discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Cette thèse porte sur un dispositif de traitement clinique de la précarité : le Carrefour Santé Mentale Précarité du Centre Psychothérapique de l’Ain. Ce dispositif, créé dans le cadre des politiques publiques d’accès à la prévention et aux soins (article 71 de la loi du 29 juillet 1998 d’orientation relative à la lutte contre les exclusions), met en réseau des professionnels de la santé mentale (travailleurs sociaux, infirmiers, psychiatres, psychologues, cadres infirmiers) qui partagent le même souci de se tenir au chevet d’individus présentant un mal-être psychique en lien avec une impossibilité, récente ou plus ancienne, de s’affirmer sujet de leur propre vie. A partir de l’analyse des pratiques - d’accueil, de prise en charge, d’accompagnement, d’orientation - de ces cliniciens de la précarité ainsi que de l’analyse des modalités de cadrage de ces pratiques - organisation des activités, corpus doctrinaux de référence, modalités d’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles -, il s’agit de comprendre, d’une part, comment se reconfigurent les dispositifs de protection issus des nouvelles politiques de l’Etat social actif concernant la lutte contre l’exclusion sociale et, d’autre part, comment se transforment les processus d’individuation qui sous-tendent ces pratiques et dispositifs.La thèse met en évidence l’émergence de collectifs d’intervention qui, par un travail de reconnaissance du parcours de vulnérabilité des personnes en situation de précarité, engagent une pratique spécifique de soin qui relève du care. A partir de la clinique psychosociale de la perte des attachements de la personne, l’enjeu consiste à maintenir et/ou réparer la sociabilité des personnes en situation de précarité. Les cliniciens de la précarité développent une pratique que nous pourrions qualifier d’écologique dans le sens où ce qui constitue l’adresse du lien à étayer n’est déterminé que par l’individu lui-même en lien avec tout ce qui le relie au monde. Son corps, sa subjectivité et l’ensemble des êtres et objets présents dans son environnement (famille, culture, travail, droits, santé, argent, etc.) forment les principaux supports de l’intervention. Pour connaître ce par quoi la personne en souffrance tient et se tient dans la société, les cliniciens se mobilisent en réseau, partagent la connaissance qu’ils ont de la personne et, ce faisant, se font collectivement ethnographes de ses attachements, quitte à mobiliser dans cette ethnographie personnalisée tous les corpus doctrinaux ressources et toutes les épistémologies (sociologie, anthropologie, psychologie, médecine, santé publique, économie, philosophie, etc.) leur permettant de mieux situer/comprendre ces attachements. A travers cette clinique en réseau, les cliniciens tentent de maintenir une forme collective de solidarité thérapeutique où les bénéficiaires de l’intervention ne sont plus tant considérés comme autonomes et abstraits qu’interdépendants et concrets. La description analytique détaillée de cette nouvelle forme de traitement clinique nous permet de montrer comment les politiques de santé mentale au front de l’exclusion ne peuvent plus être interprétées seulement en termes de prestations sociales et d’offres de soin qu’il s’agirait de redistribuer en contrepartie de l’activation des individus, mais plutôt comment elles correspondent aussi, du fait de l’engagement de certains cliniciens, à de nouvelles manières de penser et d’assurer le maintien de ces individus en reconnaissant à la fois leurs droits et les multiples formes d’attachements qui les relient au monde. / This thesis concerns an instrument for the clinical treatment of social vulnerability known as the “Mental Health and Social Vulnerability Crossover Tool”. Based at the Ain Psychiatric Hospital, this instrument, set up under the framework of government policy on access to prevention and health care services (article 71 of the French law dated 29 July 1998 on guidelines for social exclusion management), is composed of a network of mental health professionals (social workers, nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, health managers) who share the same desire to support individuals with psychological suffering resulting from a recent, or more distant, inability to assert themselves as subjects of their own life. An analysis of the practices (reception, assistance, support, counseling, referral) adopted by these clinicians as well as an analysis of how their practices are formalized (organization of activities, reference bodies of doctrine, methods for assessing professional practices) will be used to examine two issues: how both protection systems resulting from the enabling State’s new policies to fight social exclusion, and the underlying individuation processes are transformed.This thesis highlights the emergence of collectives of action who work to recognize the paths of people in social vulnerable situations, employing a very specific clinical practice which falls into the realm of care. The aim was to maintain and/or recover the sociability of persons in socially vulnerable situations based on the psychosocial approach of the loss of attachments. Clinicians have developed what can be qualified as ecological practice, in that the benefit of the link to be reinforced is determined by the individual themselves, in relation to all the supports which connect them to the world. Their body, its subjectivity and all the beings and objects present in their environment (family, culture, work, rights, health, money, etc.) form the basis for this intervention. In order to find out what binds the person in difficulty to and gives them a place in society, the clinicians work as a network, sharing their knowledge of the person and, in doing so, act as ethnographers of the person's attachments, using all the reference bodies of doctrine and epistemologies (sociology, anthropology, psychology, medicine, public health, economy, philosophy etc.) to better situate/understand these attachments. This clinical practice in a network helps clinicians to preserve a form of collective therapeutic solidarity in which the beneficiaries of the intervention are no longer considered as independent and abstract but rather interdependent and concrete.A detailed analytical description of this new form of clinical treatment will allow us to show how mental health policies at the forefront of the fight against exclusion cannot be interpreted purely in terms of social services and care provision, redistributed in exchange for the activation of individuals. They must also be considered in terms of how they also correspond - thanks to the work of convinced clinicians - to new ways of thinking and to ensuring the preservation of these individuals, both by recognizing their rights and the multiple attachments that connect them to the world.