The objective of this research is to analyze residential, unsecuritized and securitized real estates’ ability to hedge inflation in Sweden and compare it to stocks’, bonds’ and gold’s ability to hedge inflation. This research is based on both descriptive statistical and econometric analysis methodology with use of both quarterly and annual data series. First are the correlations between assets and actual, expected and unexpected inflation analyzed. Inflation betas are then estimated for all assets based on an ordinary least square model. The results indicate that, during the researched period 1993-2011, none of the studied exposures of real estate are a hedge against actual, expected nor unexpected inflation. As expected the results also indicate that both stocks and bonds have a negative relation to inflation, while gold seems to be a partial hedge against inflation. However, all inflation betas have a low R square and low statistical significance in general. Real estate in Sweden is not a hedge against inflation as it traditionally is perceived to be and real estate returns might be driven by business cycles, accessibility to financing and expectations of interest rates rather than inflation.

No description available.

Yes / We examine whether the inflation rates of the countries that pursueinflation targeting policies have converged as opposed to the expe-rience of the OECD non-inflation targeters. Using a methodologyintroduced by Pesaran (2007a), we examine the stationarity prop-erties of the inflation differentials. This approach has the advantageof avoiding setting arbitrarily a specific country as the benchmarkeconomy. Our results indicate that the inflation rates converge irre-spective of the monetary policy framework.

This study investigated the impact of import prices on inflation in Namibia, using quarterly time series data over the period 1998Q2-2017Q4. The variables used in the study are inflation rate, M2, real GDP and import prices. The study found that all the variables are integrated of order one (1), and upon testing for cointegration using Johansen test, there was no cointegration. Therefore, the model was analysed using ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques of vector autoregression (VAR) approach, granger causality test and the impulse response function. The results of the study revealed that import prices granger causes inflation at 1% level of significance. Inflation is also granger caused by real GDP and broad money supply (M2) does not Granger cause inflation. The study further revealed that the shocks to import prices are significant in explaining variation in inflation both in the short run and in the long term. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

This paper is in large parts an update to a paper by Bekaert and Wang from 2010 called Inflation risk and the inflation risk premium. Its purpose is to find insights into the inflation hedging properties of the major asset classes. The analysis includes stocks, bonds, treasury bills, foreign bonds, real estate, gold, and gold futures for 43 countries and covers investment horizons up to five years. For developed countries it is found that gold, gold futures and bonds are the besthedge against inflation, both in the short and long run. Treasury bills have a relatively modest performance in the short term but improve with horizons to a great hedge. For emerging countries all asset classes provide a decent hedge, with a slight favor for treasury bills and a slightdisadvantage for real estate in the short and long run. All asset classes are poor hedges to unexpected inflation with an exception for real estate in longer investment horizons. The best hedge against unexpected inflation shocks is inflation-linked bonds. / Den här uppsatsen är i stort en uppdatering av en artikel av Bekaert och Wang från 2010 kallad Inflation risk and the inflation risk premium. Syftet är att hitta insikter i inflationsskyddande egenskaperna för de stora tillgångsklasserna. Analysen inkluderar aktier, obligationer, statsskuldväxlar, utländska obligationer, fastigheter, guld och guldterminer för 43 länder och täcker investeringshorisonter upp till fem år. För utvecklade länder finner vi att guld, guldterminer och obligationer är bästa skyddet mot inflation, både på kort och lång sikt. Statsskuldväxlar är ett relativt dåligt inflationsskydd på kort sikt, men blir ett bra skydd över längre horisonter. För tillväxtländer ger alla tillgångsslag en skapligt skydd, med en liten fördel för statsskuldväxlar och en liten nackdel för fastigheter i kort och långt perspektiv. Alla tillgångsklasser är dåliga skydd mot oväntad inflation, med ett undantag för fastigheter i längre investeringshorisonter. Det bästa skyddet emot oväntade inflationschocker är inflationskopplade obligationer.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a persistência inflacionária no Brasil entre 1999 e 2016, isto é, investigar as suas causas, seus mecanismos e estimar o seu grau. A hipótese geral é que há um grau significativo de resiliência na inflação mesmo após a implantação do regime de metas, o que dá indícios de que existem causas de pressão inflacionária que estão sendo desconsideradas. De forma a responder à pergunta “por que a inflação ainda tem persistência no Brasil?” e cumprir o objetivo, este estudo se constrói em perspectiva tanto teórica quanto empírica. Em um primeiro momento, realiza uma revisão de literatura entre as abordagens convencional, keynesiana e estruturalista do processo inflacionário, de modo a compreender as diferenças entre os postulados teóricos destas vertentes e, posteriormente, introduz aos conceitos de persistência. Em seguida, são discutidas as várias fontes de inflação (sejam elas relacionadas ao agregado monetário ou não), a evolução das expectativas, a eficácia da taxa de juros como instrumento de política antiinflacionária e algumas políticas não-monetárias que contribuem para a estabilidade de preços. Por fim, através de estimadores GPH, Whittle, Expoente de Hurst e um modelo autorregressivo de integração fracionada (ARFIMA), é estimado o grau de tal resiliência no caso brasileiro. / The present study aims to analyze the inflationary persistence in Brazil between 1999 and 2016, which means to investigate its causes, its mechanisms and to estimate its degree. The general hypothesis is that there is a significant degree of resilience in inflation even after the implementation of the targets, which gives indications that there are causes of inflationary pressures being disregarded. In order to answer the question “Why is inflation still persistent in Brazil?” and fulfill its goal, this work is built on both theoretical and empirical perspective. At first, it performs a literature review between the conventional, keynesian and structuralist approaches of inflationary process, in order to understand the differences among the theoretical postulates of these strands and later introduces to the concepts of persistence. Next, the various sources of inflation (whether them related to the monetary aggregate or not), the evolution of expectations, the effectiveness of the interest rate as an instrument of anti-inflationary policy and some non-monetary policies that contribute to price stability are discussed. Finally, through GPH and Whittle estimators, Hurst Exponent and an autoregressive fractionally integrated model (ARFIMA), it is estimated the degree of such resilience in the Brazilian case.

Univ., Diss.--Bremen, 2007.

Thesis (master's)--Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 1988. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-140).

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a persistência inflacionária no Brasil entre 1999 e 2016, isto é, investigar as suas causas, seus mecanismos e estimar o seu grau. A hipótese geral é que há um grau significativo de resiliência na inflação mesmo após a implantação do regime de metas, o que dá indícios de que existem causas de pressão inflacionária que estão sendo desconsideradas. De forma a responder à pergunta “por que a inflação ainda tem persistência no Brasil?” e cumprir o objetivo, este estudo se constrói em perspectiva tanto teórica quanto empírica. Em um primeiro momento, realiza uma revisão de literatura entre as abordagens convencional, keynesiana e estruturalista do processo inflacionário, de modo a compreender as diferenças entre os postulados teóricos destas vertentes e, posteriormente, introduz aos conceitos de persistência. Em seguida, são discutidas as várias fontes de inflação (sejam elas relacionadas ao agregado monetário ou não), a evolução das expectativas, a eficácia da taxa de juros como instrumento de política antiinflacionária e algumas políticas não-monetárias que contribuem para a estabilidade de preços. Por fim, através de estimadores GPH, Whittle, Expoente de Hurst e um modelo autorregressivo de integração fracionada (ARFIMA), é estimado o grau de tal resiliência no caso brasileiro. / The present study aims to analyze the inflationary persistence in Brazil between 1999 and 2016, which means to investigate its causes, its mechanisms and to estimate its degree. The general hypothesis is that there is a significant degree of resilience in inflation even after the implementation of the targets, which gives indications that there are causes of inflationary pressures being disregarded. In order to answer the question “Why is inflation still persistent in Brazil?” and fulfill its goal, this work is built on both theoretical and empirical perspective. At first, it performs a literature review between the conventional, keynesian and structuralist approaches of inflationary process, in order to understand the differences among the theoretical postulates of these strands and later introduces to the concepts of persistence. Next, the various sources of inflation (whether them related to the monetary aggregate or not), the evolution of expectations, the effectiveness of the interest rate as an instrument of anti-inflationary policy and some non-monetary policies that contribute to price stability are discussed. Finally, through GPH and Whittle estimators, Hurst Exponent and an autoregressive fractionally integrated model (ARFIMA), it is estimated the degree of such resilience in the Brazilian case.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a persistência inflacionária no Brasil entre 1999 e 2016, isto é, investigar as suas causas, seus mecanismos e estimar o seu grau. A hipótese geral é que há um grau significativo de resiliência na inflação mesmo após a implantação do regime de metas, o que dá indícios de que existem causas de pressão inflacionária que estão sendo desconsideradas. De forma a responder à pergunta “por que a inflação ainda tem persistência no Brasil?” e cumprir o objetivo, este estudo se constrói em perspectiva tanto teórica quanto empírica. Em um primeiro momento, realiza uma revisão de literatura entre as abordagens convencional, keynesiana e estruturalista do processo inflacionário, de modo a compreender as diferenças entre os postulados teóricos destas vertentes e, posteriormente, introduz aos conceitos de persistência. Em seguida, são discutidas as várias fontes de inflação (sejam elas relacionadas ao agregado monetário ou não), a evolução das expectativas, a eficácia da taxa de juros como instrumento de política antiinflacionária e algumas políticas não-monetárias que contribuem para a estabilidade de preços. Por fim, através de estimadores GPH, Whittle, Expoente de Hurst e um modelo autorregressivo de integração fracionada (ARFIMA), é estimado o grau de tal resiliência no caso brasileiro. / The present study aims to analyze the inflationary persistence in Brazil between 1999 and 2016, which means to investigate its causes, its mechanisms and to estimate its degree. The general hypothesis is that there is a significant degree of resilience in inflation even after the implementation of the targets, which gives indications that there are causes of inflationary pressures being disregarded. In order to answer the question “Why is inflation still persistent in Brazil?” and fulfill its goal, this work is built on both theoretical and empirical perspective. At first, it performs a literature review between the conventional, keynesian and structuralist approaches of inflationary process, in order to understand the differences among the theoretical postulates of these strands and later introduces to the concepts of persistence. Next, the various sources of inflation (whether them related to the monetary aggregate or not), the evolution of expectations, the effectiveness of the interest rate as an instrument of anti-inflationary policy and some non-monetary policies that contribute to price stability are discussed. Finally, through GPH and Whittle estimators, Hurst Exponent and an autoregressive fractionally integrated model (ARFIMA), it is estimated the degree of such resilience in the Brazilian case.