This study examined influential factors in upper secondary school teachers’ experiences ofgrammar education, and wishes teachers have regarding development opportunities within thegrammar. The purpose of the study was to find development opportunities within the grammar and develop both knowledges and experiences of the subject. The study was conductedthrough visual interviews of qualitative character, where the participating teachers constructedexperience curves of how their grammar experiences have been over the years and includedthe own schooling and teacher education as well as the years as a teacher. The teachers described the factors that affected the experience and which factors that would provide themwith even better conditions to drive a successful grammar education. The study showed thatthe teacher, the education and the personal relationship to grammar is recurrent themes in thenarratives. The first two mentioned are also recurrent when it comes to the question of wishesfor a developed grammar education / Denna studie undersökte påverkande faktorer i gymnasielärares upplevelser av grammatikundervisning och vilka önskemål lärare har gällande utvecklingsmöjligheter inom grammatiken.Studiens syfte var att hitta utvecklingsmöjligheter inom grammatiken och utveckla både kunskaper och upplevelser av ämnet. Studien genomfördes genom visuella intervjuer av kvalitativkaraktär, där de deltagande lärarna konstruerade upplevelsekurvor över hur deras grammatikupplevelser sett ut genom åren och inkluderade såväl den egna skolgången och lärarutbildningen som åren som verksam lärare. Lärarna beskrev de faktorer som påverkat upplevelsenoch vilka faktorer som skulle kunna ge dem ännu bättre förutsättningar för att driva en framgångsrik grammatikundervisning. Studien visade att läraren, undervisningen och det personliga förhållandet till grammatik är återkommande teman i upplevelseberättelserna. De tvåförstnämnda är även återkommande när det gäller frågan om vad som önskas för en utveckling av grammatikundervisningen.

根據2009年IMS生物技術開發中心統計，國內藥廠前十大銷售排名均為外商企業，且在健保藥品給付進口外國藥廠的購買金額也高達70%。由此可見外商製藥公司在台灣藥品市場所佔有的舉足輕重地位。而以往有關製藥產業的論文研究中，較多著重於其行銷業務、策略以及研發模式等方面的分析，很少針對製藥公司的知識管理來加以探討。就知識密集的製藥業來說，此為明顯的研究缺口，因此，本研究以製藥產業為主軸，選定在台灣藥品市占率高的外商藥廠為研究對象，探討其知識管理作為，以及知識管理影響因素如何影響知識管理活動。 本研究同時從知識管理影響因素與知識管理活動兩構面來探討我國外商藥廠的知識管理。研究方法上採用多重個案研究法，研究者首先結合研究問題與文獻回顧，結果導出實證研究的觀念性架構，再以此理論觀念模式為主軸進行個案的訪談與資料的收集，實地深入訪談四家我國外商藥廠，瞭解其知識管理影響因素以及知識管理活動主要作為。 本研究所得到的結論如下： 1. 外商藥廠的知識管理目標若越明確、且與人員的工作流程結合度越高，則其知識蓄積活動越容易進行，且知識保護活動也越能確實執行。 2. 外商藥廠會透過企業內部環境的建構，來促進其知識的擴散。 3. 外商藥廠的科技設備若越完備，則其知識蓄積越容易進行，也因而強化了其知識的創造與擴散。 4. 外商藥廠的績效評估制度之設計與衡量指標之搭配，有助於其知識創造及知識擴散的進行。 5. 外商藥廠知識的結構化程度會影響知識蓄積以及擴散方式。知識的結構化程度越高，則越容易透過文件式的蓄積方式、並經由資訊系統來擴散知識；而知識的結構化程度越低，則越容易透過人員式的蓄積方式、並仰賴面對面接觸來擴散知識。 6. 外商藥廠會藉由成功經驗的分享，來創造組織與各部門的知識，也因而促進了知識的擴散。 7. 外商藥廠會藉由師徒制度來擴散經驗型的知識。 8. 外商藥廠會積極主動並重視知識保護的活動，且使之成為日常作業流程的一部分。 本論文最後說明本研究結果在學術上的貢獻，同時對實務研究上與後續研究上提出一些建議。 / According to IMS Health Global Pharma Forecast in 2009, the top ten sales volumes of pharmaceutical enterprises in Taiwan are all international enterprises. Under the National Health Insurance reimbursement, the international enterprises occupy only 30% of all the pharmaceuticals volumes, but occupy up to 70% of all the pharmaceuticals sales, which shows that the international pharmaceutical enterprises play a decisive role in Taiwan pharmaceutical market. Most of the past studies of pharmaceutical industry focus on the aspects of marketing, strategy, and research and development. Few specifically inrestigate the issues of knowledge management and knowledge management influential factors. Consequently, a research gap can be found as pharmaceutical industry in a knowledge-intensive one. This research focuses on the pharmaceutical industry, explores the knowledge management activities of international pharmaceutical enterprise in Taiwan from both the view of knowledge management influential factors and knowledge management activities, and aims to discover the key factors that influence knowledge management. This research adopts four international pharmaceutical enterprises in Taiwan as case studies and conducts interviews with managers to understand knowledge management influential factors and knowledge management activities. By knowing inside information of knowledge management of the four companies, this research can deliver a more practical and well-organized point of view, giving examples and facts to the future implementation of knowledge management for Taiwan pharmaceutical enterprise. The conclusions of this research are as bellow. 1. The clearer of the goal in knowledge management and the stronger of connection to the daily process in the company allow knowledge researving and protection activities implemented. 2. Higher level of organization cooperation and sharing culture leads to higher level of reliance of knowledge among each department, facilitating knowledge to spread more effectively in the company. 3. The completeness of technolocial facilities helps knowledge researving activities more convenient, knowledge creation activities more smoothing , and knowledge difussion activities more efficient. 4. The design of performance appraisal influences the knowledge creation and knowledge difussion activities. 5. The degree of knowledge structure influences the knowledge researving and difussion activities. 6. Sharing the best practice ficilitates knowledge creation and knowledge difussion activities . This method had gradually become a well-known practice in international pharmaceutical enterprise. 7. 「Mentor program」 is an important way to extend experienced knowledge. Each company has different approach to conduct 「Mentor program」. 8. The knowledge protection activity includes intellectual property rights、information system、contracts、data reserved management and data destroyed process, and the degree of compulsory execution is in accordance with the principles of the companies.

Homeownership is widely advocated and believed to contribute towards economic activity, employment, wealth creation, economic, political, and neighbourhood stability and financial independence. Despite government’s interventions to advance homeownership there is currently a declining trend in homeownership and an increase in renting experienced in South Africa. As the government does not have the resources to provide adequate housing to all South Africans, identifying the factors which attribute to non-subsidised homeownership will assist in implementing interventions and strategies to increase access to non-subsidised homeownership and reduce reliance on government subsidised housing. The main objective of this study was to determine the comparative odds of variables contributing to non-subsidised homeownership in South Africa from secondary data obtained from a South African household survey. Compared to the heuristic model, the following variables were found to align closely with the expectation created; non-subsidised homeownership attainment was most likely for households within high-income groups and least for households within the low-income groups, more likely for households who have access to credit than those without, more likely for households with no accounts in arrears than those with accounts in arrears, more likely for households with an ability to save than those without, most likely for households consisting of seven or more household members and least likely for single member households, most likely for households where FKP (Financially Knowledgeable Person) has completed a tertiary education level and least likely for households with primary not completed education levels, most likely for households where the FKP is older (aged 65 and older) and least likely for young FKP households (aged between 18 and 24), most likely for households residing in rural areas and least likely for households residing in metropolitan areas, most likely for female FKP households and least likely for male FKP households. Unexpectedly the regression model indicated that non-subsidised homeownership is most likely for households where the Financially Knowledgeable Person (FKP) is not economically active (for example pensioners) and least likely for employed households, most likely for households from the African population group and least likely for Indian households, most likely where the FKP is never married or single and least likely for separated or divorced FKP households (which is expected) and most likely for households residing in Limpopo (which is expected) and least likely for households residing Western Cape. / Financial accounting / M. Phil. (Accounting Science)

Recently, there has been a significant rise in the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) video streaming usage worldwide. However, the knowledge of performance of HTTP video streaming is still limited, especially in the aspect of factors which affect video quality. The reason is that HTTP video streaming has different characteristics from other video streaming systems. In this thesis, we show how the delivered quality of a Flash video playback is affected by different factors from diverse layers of the video delivery system, including congestion control algorithm, delay variation, playout buffer length, video bitrate and so on. We introduce Quality of Delivery Degradation (QoDD) then we use it to measure how much the Quality of Delivery (QoD) is degraded in terms of QoDD. The study is processed in a dedicated controlled environment, where we could alter the influential factors and then measure what is happening. After that, we use statistic method to analyze the data and find the relationships between influential factors and quality of video delivery which are expressed by mathematic models. The results show that the status and choices of factors have a significant impact on the QoD. By proper control of the factors, the quality of delivery could be improved. The improvements are approximately 24% by TCP memory size, 63% by congestion control algorithm, 30% by delay variation, 97% by delay when considering delay variation, 5% by loss and 92% by video bitrate.

The aim of the study was to investigate the changing role of the secondary school principal in building sustainable communities. It is supposed that communities that are not sustainable affect secondary schools. The focus is on how the secondary school principal should go about building, sustaining and uplifting the school community. The direct and indirect involvement of secondary school principals in community issues, could contribute to sustainability within the community, which gradually becomes a reality. The task of the secondary school principal is realised through the results of effective educative teaching and learning practices. Through literature study it was found that the role of the secondary school principal in enhancing sustainable communities would contribute to the upliftment of communities. The qualitative approach was successful in obtaining information about how the changing role of the secondary school principal in building sustainable communities is viewed. Recommendations were made concerning research findings for stakeholders and officials to note. / Educational Studies / M.Ed(Education Management))

The aim of the study was to investigate the changing role of the secondary school principal in building sustainable communities. It is supposed that communities that are not sustainable affect secondary schools. The focus is on how the secondary school principal should go about building, sustaining and uplifting the school community. The direct and indirect involvement of secondary school principals in community issues, could contribute to sustainability within the community, which gradually becomes a reality. The task of the secondary school principal is realised through the results of effective educative teaching and learning practices. Through literature study it was found that the role of the secondary school principal in enhancing sustainable communities would contribute to the upliftment of communities. The qualitative approach was successful in obtaining information about how the changing role of the secondary school principal in building sustainable communities is viewed. Recommendations were made concerning research findings for stakeholders and officials to note. / Educational Studies / M.Ed(Education Management))