Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-20T20:03:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Kaoana_Sopelsa2017.pdf: 1362261 bytes, checksum: 141a880dd8e52fdaa162d2f90c23d5a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T20:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Kaoana_Sopelsa2017.pdf: 1362261 bytes, checksum: 141a880dd8e52fdaa162d2f90c23d5a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / CLARICE LISPECTOR ACTED AS A COLUMN OF NEWSPAPERS IN THE MIDDLE CENTURY, ADVISING WOMEN ABOUT CONDUCTS, FORMULATING A POSSIBLE STEREOTYPE OF WOMAN. THROUGH THE BOOK FEMALE COURIER WE CONTACT THE AUTHOR'S SPEECH, WHERE THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPEECH ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY THE DISCURSIVE OPERATION THAT GENEALOGICALLY PERCORNED FROM THE HIGH TO THE DOWN, PERPASSING BY THE DEVICES OF THE NORMATIVE SPEECH THE AUTHOR LIVES. THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE TO BE ANSWERED IS HOW THE AUTHOR IS POSITIONED ABOUT THE SOCIAL ROLES OF GENDER IN THE PERIOD REFERRED TO, CONSIDERING THE IMPACT THAT THEY PROVIDED IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION, AS A REFLECTION OF THE INFLUENCES AND DISCURSIVE INTERFERENCES. THE MAJOR PART OF THE EFFECTIVE SPEECH KEEPS THE FEMININE STAND, OF WOMAN WHO IS MOTHER AND WIFE, AND WELL SUCCESSFUL WHEN PRETTY. THERE ARE MOMENTS IN WHICH THE AUTHOR SEEMS TO TRANSGRESS THIS NORMATIVE SPEECH, BUT RETURN TO THE ARCHETYPE, BUT THEIR TRANSGRESSIONS BRING SIGNIFICANT REFLECTIONS ON THE NORMATIVITY.KEY WORDS: GENDER PAPERS, INFORMAL EDUCATION, CLARICE LISPECTOR JOURNALIST, FEMALE COLUMNS. / CLARICE LISPECTOR ATUOU COMO COLUNISTA DE JORNAIS EM MEADOS DO SÉCULO XX, ACONSELHANDO MULHERES ACERCA DE CONDUTAS, FORMULANDO UM POSSÍVEL ESTEREÓTIPO DE MULHER. ATRAVÉS DO LIVRO CORREIO FEMININO ENTRAMOS EM CONTATO COM O DISCURSO DA AUTORA, ONDE A ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO NOS PERMITIU IDENTIFICAR O FUNCIONAMENTO DISCURSIVO QUE GENEALOGICAMENTE PERCORREU DO ALTO AO BAIXO, PERPASSANDO PELOS DISPOSITIVOS DO DISCURSO NORMATIVO QUE A AUTORA VIVENCIA. A QUESTÃO FUNDAMENTAL A SER RESPONDIDA É COMO A AUTORA SE POSICIONA ACERCA DOS PAPÉIS SOCIAIS DE GÊNERO NO PERÍODO REFERIDO, CONSIDERANDO O IMPACTO QUE ELES PROPORCIONARAM NA EDUCAÇÃO FORMAL E INFORMAL, COMO REFLEXO DAS INFLUÊNCIAS E DAS INTERFERÊNCIAS DISCURSIVAS. A MAIOR PARTE DO DISCURSO EFETIVADO MANTÉM O PADRAO FEMININO, DE MULHER QUE É MÃE E ESPOSA, E BEM-SUCEDIDA QUANDO BONITA. HÁ MOMENTOS EM QUE A AUTORA PARECE TRANSGREDIR ESSE DISCURSO NORMATIVO, PORÉM RETORNANDO AO ARQUÉTIPO, MAS SUAS TRANSGRESSÕES TRAZEM SIGNIFICATIVAS REFLEXÕES SOBRE A NORMATIVIDADE.

Nas últimas décadas, tem vigorado o discurso sobre a velhice como sinônimo de decadência, havendo ampla promoção de formas para combater o envelhecimento por meio do consumo de produtos e serviços que prometem juventude eterna, em especial, às mulheres. Nesse cenário, a aparência é colocada por diferentes educadores informais, principalmente as mídias e publicidade, como um recurso importante para envolvimento na vida social. Objetivos: investigar, caracterizar e comparar, no contexto da educação informal e do engajamento social, como idosas brasileiras e espanholas, de baixas renda e escolaridade, constroem suas aparências. Justificativa: possibilidade de analisar o potencial da aparência para a gestão do envelhecimento feminino em âmbito transcultural e, ainda, de elaborar um registro sobre os modos de compor o aspecto pessoal entre um público menos investigado em relação à temática. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva, baseada em método etnográfico. Utilização das técnicas de observação livre e participante, conversas informais, entrevistas em profundidade, documentação e registro fotográfico. Uso de roteiro semiestruturado e caderno de campo. As participantes foram: 1) nove mulheres brasileiras e 11 espanholas de 80 anos ou mais; 2) moradoras a maior parte da vida, respectivamente, nas cidades de São Paulo e Madrid; 3) participantes da vida comunitária; 4) donas de casa na velhice; 5) de baixas renda e escolaridade; 6) sem comprometimento cognitivo. Aplicação de Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: constatou-se que a construção da aparência é realizada ao longo de toda vida. Tanto para brasileiras como para espanholas, os modos de compor e significar a apresentação pessoal relacionam-se com sua educação informal e seu envolvimento social. Os educadores informais mais presentes são, em especial, familiares, amigos e profissionais dos núcleos de convivência para idosos. Dentre os significados transmitidos através da aparência, para ambos grupos de participantes, os principais foram decência, naturalidade e feminilidade. Em geral, não foram notadas diferenças transculturais muito expressivas, quando se considera as variáveis idade, gênero, renda e escolaridade. Considerações finais: entende-se que a aparência é uma variável interessante aos estudos e ações em torno dos modos de envelhecer e envolver-se em diferentes contextos sociais. Sugere-se prosseguir com investigações sobre a temática, relacionando-a com outras variáveis não exploradas neste estudo, como estado civil e geração, que também se mostraram pertinentes. Apoio: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The discourse on old age has been in force in the last decades as a synonym with decadence, promoting widely ways to combat aging through the use of products and services that promise eternal youth, especially to women. In this context, the appearance is presented by different informal educators, mainly the media and advertising, as an important resource for engagement in social life. Purpose: to investigate, characterize and compare, in the context of informal education and social engagement, how Brazilian and Spanish elderly women, with low income and schooling, construct their personal appearances. Originality/value: analysis of the potential of appearance for the management of female aging in a cross-cultural context and elaboration of a register on the ways of composing the personal aspects among a group less investigated in relation to the theme. Method: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, based on ethnographic method. Use of free and participant observation, informal conversations, in-depth interviews, documentation and photographic records techniques. Use of semi-structured script and field notebook. The participants were: 1) nine Brazilian women and 11 Spanish women aged 80 and over; 2) living most of their lives, respectively, in São Paulo and Madrid cities; 3) participants in community life; 4) housewives in old age; 5) low income and schooling; 6) without cognitive impairment. Application of Free and Informed Consent Term. Findings: it was found that the construction of the appearance is accomplished throughout life. For both Brazilian and Spanish, the ways of composing and meaning personal presentation are related to their informal education and their social engagement. The most active informal educators are, in particular, family members, friends and professionals of the centers of coexistence for the elderly. Among the meanings transmitted through the appearance, for both groups, the main ones were decency, naturalness and femininity. In general, no significant transcultural differences were found considering the variables age, gender, income and schooling. Conclusions: it is understood that appearance is an interesting variable for studies and actions around the ways of getting older and getting involved in different social contexts. It is suggested to continue with research on the subject, relating it to other variables not explored in this study, such as marital status and generation, which were also relevant. Support: São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)

Este estudo se propôs a analisar a relação entre grupos de eventos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de competência. Buscou-se compreender quais deles eram considerados mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento de diferentes competências do indivíduo no trabalho. Na revisão bibliográfica, quatro grupos de eventos de aprendizagem emergiram: Aprendizagem Conceitual, Aprendizagem Provocada, Aprendizagem Experiencial e Aprendizagem Experiencial Induzida. Estes grupos foram confrontados com quatro tipos de competências que foram selecionados a partir da análise de 28 tipologias: Social, Funcional, Cognitiva e Metacompetência. A pesquisa quantitativa contou com a análise de 223 respondentes válidos. A amostra foi composta por ex-alunos da FEA-USP dos cursos de administração, economia e contabilidade. Foram aplicados testes de análise de variância para avaliar as hipóteses e testes de análise de correspondência para o aprofundamento da análise. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância dos grupos de eventos de aprendizagem informal, sobretudo o de Aprendizagem Experiencial para o desenvolvimento das quatro competências avaliadas. Os grupos de eventos de aprendizagem formal desenvolvem menos todas as competências e são ainda menos relevantes para o desenvolvimento da Competência Social e da Competência Funcional, em especial para a primeira citada. Além disso, no aprofundamento da análise, 24 eventos tiveram a frequência analisada e foram confrontados com 11 variáveis de perfis. Dos 264 testes Qui-quadrado realizados, 35 deles apresentaram significância estatística, dos quais foi possível analisar a relação entre as categorias em 34 mapas perceptuais gerados pela análise de correspondência. / This study aims to analyze the relationship between groups of learning events and competence development. It tries to understand which of them were considered the most relevant for the development of different individual competences in the professional field. In the bibliography review, four groups of learning events were found: Conceptual Learning, Experiential Learning, Caused Learning and Experiential Induced Learning. These groups were confronted with four types of competence that were selected after an analysis of 28 typologies: Social, Functional, Cognitive and Metacompetence. The quantitative study had the participation of 223 valid respondents. The sample was composed by FEA-USPs alumni of the following areas - Management, Economics and Accountancy. After, One-way ANOVA tests were done to verify the hypothesis, as well ANACOR tests were run to make a profound study. The results emphasize the importance of the groups of informal learning events, mainly on the Experiential Learning. The groups of formal learning events have a lower development of all competences and they are still less relevant to the development of the Social Competence and the Functional Competence, especially for the first one quoted. Furthermore, in a deeper study, 24 learning events had their frequencies analyzed and they were compared with 11 profile variables. 264 Chi-square tests were done and 35 of them presented statistical significance. On the end, it was possible to analyze the relationship among categories on 34 perceptual maps produced by ANACOR tests.

Este estudo se propôs a analisar a relação entre grupos de eventos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de competência. Buscou-se compreender quais deles eram considerados mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento de diferentes competências do indivíduo no trabalho. Na revisão bibliográfica, quatro grupos de eventos de aprendizagem emergiram: Aprendizagem Conceitual, Aprendizagem Provocada, Aprendizagem Experiencial e Aprendizagem Experiencial Induzida. Estes grupos foram confrontados com quatro tipos de competências que foram selecionados a partir da análise de 28 tipologias: Social, Funcional, Cognitiva e Metacompetência. A pesquisa quantitativa contou com a análise de 223 respondentes válidos. A amostra foi composta por ex-alunos da FEA-USP dos cursos de administração, economia e contabilidade. Foram aplicados testes de análise de variância para avaliar as hipóteses e testes de análise de correspondência para o aprofundamento da análise. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância dos grupos de eventos de aprendizagem informal, sobretudo o de Aprendizagem Experiencial para o desenvolvimento das quatro competências avaliadas. Os grupos de eventos de aprendizagem formal desenvolvem menos todas as competências e são ainda menos relevantes para o desenvolvimento da Competência Social e da Competência Funcional, em especial para a primeira citada. Além disso, no aprofundamento da análise, 24 eventos tiveram a frequência analisada e foram confrontados com 11 variáveis de perfis. Dos 264 testes Qui-quadrado realizados, 35 deles apresentaram significância estatística, dos quais foi possível analisar a relação entre as categorias em 34 mapas perceptuais gerados pela análise de correspondência. / This study aims to analyze the relationship between groups of learning events and competence development. It tries to understand which of them were considered the most relevant for the development of different individual competences in the professional field. In the bibliography review, four groups of learning events were found: Conceptual Learning, Experiential Learning, Caused Learning and Experiential Induced Learning. These groups were confronted with four types of competence that were selected after an analysis of 28 typologies: Social, Functional, Cognitive and Metacompetence. The quantitative study had the participation of 223 valid respondents. The sample was composed by FEA-USPs alumni of the following areas - Management, Economics and Accountancy. After, One-way ANOVA tests were done to verify the hypothesis, as well ANACOR tests were run to make a profound study. The results emphasize the importance of the groups of informal learning events, mainly on the Experiential Learning. The groups of formal learning events have a lower development of all competences and they are still less relevant to the development of the Social Competence and the Functional Competence, especially for the first one quoted. Furthermore, in a deeper study, 24 learning events had their frequencies analyzed and they were compared with 11 profile variables. 264 Chi-square tests were done and 35 of them presented statistical significance. On the end, it was possible to analyze the relationship among categories on 34 perceptual maps produced by ANACOR tests.

El presente trabajo analiza el rol del aprendizaje informal en nuestro país, usando el caso específico de los comunicadores audiovisuales orientados al área de postproducción en el Perú. Asimismo, se identifica cuáles son las herramientas más utilizadas por los alumnos, cuál es el objetivo del aprendizaje formal y si se cumplen de manera satisfactoria en la educación. Finalmente se establece una diferenciación entre los temas revisados tanto en estructuras formales e informales, y cuál es el nivel de control que ejercen los estudiantes. / This paper analyzes the role of informal learning in our country, using the specific case of audiovisual communicators oriented to the post-production area in Peru. Likewise, the tools most used by students are identified, what is the objective of formal learning and if they are satisfactorily fulfilled in education. Finally, a differentiation is established between the topics reviewed in both formal and informal structures, and what is the level of control exercised by the students. / Trabajo de investigación

Debido a la actual crisis sanitaria, COVID- 19, actividades en espacios abiertos y cerrados como restaurantes, bibliotecas, museos, clubes, centros culturales, templos, bancos, artes escenitas, entre otros se han visto restringidas y afectados. Uno de ellos es el Museo de Historia Natural UNMSM, que exploró soluciones para continuar brindando sus servicios y seguir teniendo contacto con su público. Este comenzó a enfocarse en Facebook, lo cual le permitió desarrollar talleres infantiles en donde exponen una gran cantidad de contenido sobre las divisiones del museo. En ellos, se observó que, para los niños de 8 a 10 años, existe el problema de no terminar de entender la información expuesta y lo poco atractiva que es la presentación. Esto se debe a que el recurso actual utilizado no está dirigido específicamente para esta edad. A ello se suma que la cantidad de información expuesta emplea un tono de comunicación formal utilizando palabras complejas, contrario al que debería emplearse para comunicarse con un niño. La presente investigación busca desarrollar la mejora del recurso educativo actual segmentando al público y utilizando un lenguaje adecuado por medio de la multimedia y lo interactivo para que el mensaje transmitido por el taller pueda ser comprendido. De esta manera, la propuesta gráfica evidenció ser una solución factible al lograr la acogida del público infantil en donde los niños mostraron interés por continuar ampliando sus conocimientos a través de la educación no formal, creando un aprendizaje lúdico, directo y sencillo de comprender. / Due to the actual health crisis with the pandemic Covid -19, activities in open and closed spaces such as restaurants, libraries, museums, clubs, cultural centers, churches, banks, Scenic arts, among others have been affected and restricted. One example is the Museum Of Natural History UNMSM, which explored solutions to be able to provide access to their facilities and keeping in contact with their customers. They explored solutions to keep in contact with people. In the beginning they used Facebook, which allowed them to contact with children to communicate and develop children classes in which we have observed from them their reactions to the diverse attractions of the museum. On children between the ages of 8 thru 10 we observed the problematic that children don’t understand the information given, as the was unattractive in respect to the presentation. This in fact was due in part for the resources being utilized that was addressed not for that age standard. In addition to that the language tone used was not appropriate for the age in question, utilizing a complicated language and confusing for them and as a result not being able to communicate with the children of such age. The following study is guided to reach using an adequate language thru multimedia and interactive messaging that could be transmitted can be simply understood. This proposal is designed to find a viable solution by means of using graphics and proposes to find a solution that evidences the comprehension and results desired, reaching the age segment desired, the younger children. This method would bring a good understanding, attract their attention and entertainment, this way it also will give them ample learning and knowledge. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

No description available.

Non-formal education projects are seen as taking a key role regarding Education for Sustainable Development; however, the conditions of participation are still scarcely explored. The objective of this study is to develop a concept helping to understand the resources, motivations, underlying values, and context of parents in the process of choosing a non-formal Education for Sustainability project in Germany for their children aged six to twelve. For this, the school choice concept of Raveaud and van Zanten, which is utilizing “resource” definitions in approximation to Bourdieu’s capital, is adapted for the non-formal sustainability education sector, by implementing the concept of environmental capital, conceptualizing the choice framework for non-formal sustainability education. Ten interviews with parents from such projects have been conducted in the summer of 2021 and analysed based on the newly developed choice framework for non-formal sustainability education. Unlike what the adapted school-choice theory suggests, the local normative framework has little impact on the choices parents make in the non-formal choice process. The results indicate that especially cultural resources within the framework of environmental capital and accumulated in the informal learning space have had a formative impact on the parents, which let them to enrol their children to participate in the sustainability education projects. In comparison to formal school choice processes, the tension between impersonal and personal values is not as tangible for parents. As projects combine expressive values like self-realisation and impersonal values like environmental awareness in their pedagogical approaches, parents are even able to satisfy both their personal and impersonal values while choosing an SE project. It is being discussed how parents can be strengthened in their role to pass on sustainability values, without creating an even greater inequality regarding environmental capital, as well as the importance of a symbiosis between EE and ESD projects to further sustainability education in Germany.

Text in Afrikaans / Sekere bevindings oor die positiewe en negatiewe invloed van musiek en die funksies wat dit met betrekking tot menswees vervul, is as 'n verwysingsraamwerk gebruik om historiese gegewens oar die konstruktiewe en destruktiewe aanwending van musiek in hoofsaaklik Duitsland en die V.S.A. te analiseer. Dit het aan die lig gekom dat musiek konstruktief aangewend is met betrekking tot: Intellektuele vorming: Intellektuele vaardighede en kennisverwerwing is deur musiek bevorder. Die leergebeure is veraangenaam en meer effektief gemaak. Estetiese vorming: Deur musiek is 'n estetiese waardesisteem en 'n goeie kunssmaak ontwikkel en die wording van volwaardige, gebalanseerde individue bevorder. Religieuse vorming: Musiek is aangewend om religieuse denke en gewaarwordinge uit te druk en om kennisoordrag, evangelisasie, sending en die belewing van 'n innige geloofsgemeenskap te bevorder. Etiese vorming: Etiese waarhede is met behulp van musiek herhaal en ingeoefen. 'n "Morele atmosfeer" en die vaslegging van 'n waardesisteem is daardeur bevorder. Politieke vorming: Politieke gevoelens en menings is deur musiek uitgedruk om mense te be1nvloed om bepaalde standpunte, partye, regerings of politieke stelsels te ondersteun. Nasionale vorming: Musiek is gebruik om patriotisme te verwoord, die kulture van volkere te weerspieel, volksfeeste op te luister en nasionale eenheid te bevorder. Sosiale vorming: Musiek is aangewend as 'n bran van vermaak en ontspanning en as 'n kommunikasiemiddel. Dit het gehelp om 'n groepsidentiteit te vestig, 'n gemeenskapsgevoel en sosialisering te bevorder en mense se gedragspatrone te be1nvloed. Affektiewe vorming: Deur middel van musiek is gepoog om die gevoelslewe te orden en te veredel en om positiewe veranderinge ten opsigte van affektiewe toestande teweeg te bring. Fisieke vorming: Verskeie liggaamsaktiwiteite en fisieke vaardighede, ontspanning en verfrissing is deur musiek bevorder en dit is as 'n terapie aangewend. Musiek is oak destruktief aangewend deurdat die Christelike kerk ondermyn, religieuse aanbidding benadeel, die jeug se emosionele beheer, selfstandigwording en etiese waardestelsels negatief be!nvloed, aggressiewe en opstandige gedrag, militarisme, politieke venyn en rassehaat bevorder, beswyming ge!nduseer, gehoorsintuie beskadig en regerings omvergewerp is. 'n Aantal aanbevelings en waarskuwings met betrekking tot die aanwending van musiek in formele, nieformele en informele onderwys- en opvoedingsituasies het uit die analise voortgevloei. / Certain findings concerning the positive and negative influences of music and the functions fulfilled by it in the life-world of man were used as a reference framework in order to analyse historical data on the constructive and destructive applications of music in mainly Germany and the U.S.A. It came to light that music was constructively applied with regard to: Intellectual shaping: Music was employed to enhance various intellectual skills, to improve the acquisition of knowledge and to render the learning process more pleasant and effective. Aesthetic shaping: An aesthetic value system and a good artistic taste were developed and the shaping of complete, balanced individuals was promoted through music. Religious shaping: Music was employed to express religious thoughts and perceptions and to promote close community of faith, knowledge transfer, evangelization and missionary effort. Ethical shaping: Ethical truths were reiterated and "practised" and a "moral atmosphere" and a value system established through music. Political shaping: Political feelings and opinions were expressed through music and people were influenced to support specific viewpoints, parties, governments or political systems. National shaping: Music was employed to express patriotism, to reflect the cultures of nations, to add lustre to national gatherings and to promote national unity. Social shaping: Music was a source of entertainment and recreation and a means of communication. Through music the establishment of a group identity, socialization and a communal sense were promoted and behavioural patterns affected. Affective shaping: Music was a means of ordering and ennobling inner life and of facilitating positive changes in affective conditions. Physical shaping: Relaxation, recreation, physical skills and activities were promoted through music which was utilized as a therapy. Music was also destructively employed by undermining the Christian church and harming religious worship, by negatively influencing youth's emotional selfcontrol, ethical value systems and the actualization of independence, by furthering aggressive and rebellious behaviour, inducing trances, causing physical damage to hearing organs and promoting militarism, political viciousness, racial hatred and the overthrow of governments. A number of recommendations and warnings concerning the employment of music in formal, non-formal and informal educational situations resulted from the analysis. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / D. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

This final thesis deals with innovations in the management of informal education. The main objective is to highlight the importance of innovations in informal and leisure education, and bring inspiration to the managers of informal and leisure education in the form of examples of good practice. In the theoretical part informal and interest education is incorporated into the overall educational system of the Czech Republic and its development is illustrated on the laws and decrees from 1948 to present. The research in the form of structured interview with respondents revealed their view on innovations in leisure education and showed their experience with the introduction of innovations in their own organizations. The process and the conclusions of structured interviews clearly highlighted the need for innovation in informal and leisure education for the competitiveness of informal education organizations. The executives of school facilities for leisure education as well as organizations of informal education can hereby find inspiration for each specific innovation in the examples of good practice.