No description available.

Over the last few decades, freshwater turtles have become more common in the global illegal wildlife trade because of the growing demand in the pet trade. Illegally traded turtles may be intercepted and deposited by a number of agencies. However, when turtles are confiscated, many uncertainties and risks make releasing them back to the wild difficult. Therefore, we used tools from decision analysis to achieve the following three objectives: (1) to identify points of intervention in illegal turtle trade using conceptual models, (2) to outline the linked decisions for turtle confiscation and repatriation using decision trees, and (3) to evaluate the decision trees for two example scenarios, one with complete information and one with uncertainty. We used the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) as a case study, which is a species of conservation concern, in part due to illegal wildlife trafficking. We conducted informational interviews of biologists, law enforcement, land managers, and zoo staff, which we refer to as a decision makers. Interviews revealed that decisions regarding the disposition of confiscated turtles are complicated by uncertainty in disease status and potential differences in origin and confiscation locations. Decision makers that handle confiscated turtles also recognize that their decisions are linked, where linkages rely on personal contacts. In evaluating our decision trees, we found that despite different amounts and kinds of uncertainties, release of the confiscated wood turtles to the wild provided the highest conservation value. Collectively, our research shows how the use of decision trees can help improve decision making in the face of uncertainty.

In an inner-city elementary school, students continue to lag in reading proficiency, and implementation of research-based, district-mandated teaching strategies is not well understood. The purpose of this case study was to explore teachers' perceptions of mandated, read-aloud expository text strategies in K-2 classrooms. The conceptual framework was Vygotsky's social constructivism model of learning, which envisions students learning by interacting with teachers and peers, in this case, using read-aloud strategies, until they become autonomous, expository readers. The research questions focused on benefits and challenges of the implementation of read-aloud expository text by K-2 teachers who were given a 5-year mandate by the school to use strategies of scaffolding, graphic organizers, think-alouds, and text talk. Data were gathered from 5 teachers who volunteered to participate and were trained in the strategies. Data collection included individual interviews, collaborating interviews, reflective journals, and field notes. Open coding and thematic analysis identified 6 themes of teacher perceptions, including benefits, situational strategies, and explanations for use, challenges, support, and implementation. Throughout the data collection process, teachers suggested the use of Text Talk Kit materials. These kits, in use by other districts, may be beneficial to all teachers and may lead to social change by allowing teachers to access materials to better instruct all struggling readers, a benefit across all curricular areas and for all students.

根據美國National Endowment for Financial Education 2010年的調查，過去一年內80%的受訪者從事過衝動購買，可以認為衝動購買的發生十分普遍。衝動購買行為在過去數年已經受到多方領域的探討與研究，產出了豐富且重要的研究成果；隨著網際網路的出現，許多學者開始注意到網路對於線上或離線衝動購買的影響，但網路口碑對於衝動購買行為的影響尚有許多探討之空間，因此本研究的目的為探討網路口碑的資訊從眾對於消費者衝動購買之影響，以及商品需要和購買制約因素構成的干擾效果。本研究透過網路問卷進行研究資料的蒐集，調查對象為過去半年內曾經閱讀過某一商品網路口碑的網路使用者，共得有效樣本528份。研究結論為： 1. 消費者的網路口碑資訊從眾程度對於其閱讀商品網路口碑之後所產生的商品慾望具有正向影響，當網路口碑資訊從眾程度越高時，消費者閱讀口碑後的商品慾望程度也越高。此外，消費者受口碑影響後所產生的商品需要認知並不會干擾資訊從眾程度對於商品慾望的影響。 2. 消費者對於商品的慾望越高、衝動購買的意圖也越高。衝動購買意圖越高時，消費者衝動購買行為從事衝動購買的可能性也越高，並且只要稍加提高消費者的衝動購買意圖，衝動購買的可能性將大幅上升。 3. 衝動購買制約因素對於消費者的衝動購買意圖發展為衝動購買存在阻止效果，當消費者感受到制約因素時，衝動購買的發生可能性將降低。而主要會阻止消費者衝動購買的因素為「可運用購買預算的限制」。 本研究能提供給學術界與實務界進行衝動購買的研究參考與購物網站經營管理的規劃運用。

Après avoir proposé un cadre général des opérations de fusion‐acquisition, notamment en tant que processus créateur de valeur, nous examinons empiriquement les effets de leur annonce au travers de trois essais. Premièrement, nous étudions les réactions intra‐journalières des investisseurs lors d’annonces diffusées aux États‐Unis. Nous trouvons des gains pour la cible, alors que l’impact s'avère neutre pour l’acquéreur. Ces résultats se déroulent dans une activité de marché soutenue, conjointement à une amélioration de la liquidité. Deuxièmement, nous étendons l’analyse aux concurrents des acquéreurs et des cibles. Considérant le marché canadien, la diffusion de l’information affecte négativement leurs rivaux. Troisièmement, nous soulignons les conditions sous lesquelles les dirigeants écoutent les marchés financiers. Analysant un échantillon d’acquisitions françaises, nous montrons que les dirigeants connectés sont plus enclins à réaliser une acquisition en dépit d’une réaction négative des marchés financiers lors de l’annonce. / After providing a general framework of merger‐acquisition, in particular as value‐creating process, we examine empirically the effects of their announcement through three essays. First, we study the intraday market reactions to announcements in the United‐States. We find gains for target firms, while acquiring firms do not earn significant abnormal returns. These results occur in a high trading activity and animprovement of liquidity. Second, we extend the analysis to the competitors of merging firms. Considering the Canadian evidence, the release of information affects negatively their rivals. Third, we study the conditions under which managers are more willing to listen to investors. Analyzing a sample of French acquisitions, we find that the well‐connected managers are more likely to complete a deal in spite of a negative market reaction on acquisition announcement.

The thesis deals with media education with special reference to new media. Media education has been a part of Czech curicula since 2004 and schools struggle with how to cope with it. In past few years new media came out to be a significant element of media education. New media are important part of everyone's life in informational society. Therefore it is neccessary to widen media literacy to new media as well. Children are growing with new media and they take them as a natural part of their lives. On the contrary teachers very often do not need new media and use them marginally. The author of the thesis tries to map how teachers and children are facing new media not only in media education but even in their lives. The first part of the thesis describes basic elements of the issue - informational society, media literacy, media education and new media. One chapter deals with media education in the Czech Republic, its past and present. The second part of it describes the methodology of the research with its advantages and disadvantages. The main part of the thesis contains a mixed research combining two methods (questionnaries and in-depth interviews). The research was implemented in elementary schools with children as well as with teachers. Results of the research show gaps in the media education emphasizing...

Cette étude porte sur l’évolution des pratiques info-documentaires des étudiants de psychologie en troisième année de licence. Nous nous intéressons aux modifications engendrées par le numérique sur la culture informationnelle des étudiants. Nous défendons l’idée que le web transforme les valeurs, les représentations et les pratiques attachées à la culture académique. Nous abordons cette hypothèse à partir des matérialités documentaires et notamment des aspects éditoriaux. Ce travail croise des données issues d’entretiens réalisés auprès des étudiants et des enseignants, des analyses des discussions et des dépôts sur la plateforme Moodle, et des analyses sémiotiques de documents et de sites. Il développe particulièrement les phénomènes de circulation et d’hybridation dans les pratiques. / This study is about the evolution of third-year undergraduate psychology students' information practices. We look at the changes the digital world has brought about in students' information culture. We defend the idea that the web transforms values, representations, and practices within academic culture. We discuss this hypothesis through consideration of the document as a material form and through analysis of the editorial dimension of the document. This work confronts data obtained from interviews, with students and university professors as well as contributions to the Moodle learning Platform, and semiotic analyses of documents and websites. This research explores the notions of circulation and hybridation as applied to information practice.

O planejamento das ações do Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte é uma prática desenvolvida desde os anos de 1960. A primeira instituição no território norte-rio-grandense com status de planejamento foi o Conselho Estadual de Desenvolvimento CED, criado através da Lei n. 2.796 de 01 de maio de 1962. Desde então, essa prática vem sendo ressignificada. O estudo analisou a trajetória do planejamento praticado no Rio Grande do Norte e sua relevância para o processo de modernização territorial. Esta tese compreende o planejamento do território como um instrumento de ação política, fomentador de práticas sociais e criador de dinâmicas territoriais. Trata-se de uma possibilidade de antecipar o futuro de forma racional, mesmo que as dinâmicas territoriais produzam contradições. O objetivo de uma ação planejada é promover um uso mais justo do território. Isso implica, segundo Bret (2009) o conhecimento da sociedade e dos territórios onde habitam os diferentes sujeitos, a fim de tornar possível aos homens e mulheres uma vida mais justa. Neste sentido, Béhar (2000) afirma que o território deve ser a finalidade e o método da ação pública. Com base nessas premissas, buscou-se compreender a trajetória do planejamento norte-rio-grandense a partir da realização de uma periodização de eventos, por meio da qual se observou a existência de cinco períodos distintos, compreendidos numa extensão temporal que vai de 1904 a 2010. O primeiro período vai de 1904 a 1960 e o segundo de 1961 até 1970. No que concerne ao terceiro período, vai de 1971 a 1981. O quarto período, por sua vez vai de 1982 a 1987. E finalmente, o quinto período considerado, vai de 1988 a 2010. O exercício da periodização baseada nos estudos de Santos ([1979] 2008) e Souza (1998) permitiu observar e compreender a ação do tempo no espaço geográfico. A periodização permitiu remarcar a materialização dos eventos históricos e não apenas a sua narração, pois os eventos criam objetos e ações. Desse modo, em cada período vê-se a emergência de novas configurações territoriais. A metodologia também contou com a análise de documentos formulados pelo governo estadual. Foram coletados e analisados 20 documentos dentre os quais se têm: 3 estudos, 1 diagnóstico, 1 discurso de posse e 13 planos de governo. Dos 13 planos levantados, 9 são a base da atual política de planejamento estadual. Além disso, foram realizadas 10 entrevistas com políticos e técnicos; levantamento de dados secundários no sítio do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE. A hipótese contida nesta tese é de que, há no Rio Grande do Norte, um planejamento corporativo para uso seletivo do território. Este planejamento ao mesmo tempo em que cria processos de modernização, expande o meio técnico-científico-informacional e acirra as desigualdades territoriais existentes. / The planning of Rio Grande do Norte states Government has developed since 1960. The first institution in Rio Grande do Norte territory (with planning status) was the State Council Development (Conselho Estadual de Desenvolvimento) CED, created by Law n. 2796 of May 01, 1962. Since then, this practice has been resignified. The study analyzed the trajectory planning practiced in Rio Grande do Norte and its relevance to the territorial modernization process. This thesis comprises the planning of the territory as an instrument of political action, developing of social practices and creation of territorial dynamics. This is a chance to rationally anticipate the future, even if the territorial dynamics produces contradictions. The purpose of a planned action is to promote a more fair use of the territory. This implies, according to Bret (2009), the knowledge of the company and territories inhabited by different subjects in order to make it possible for men and women to have a fairer life. In this sense, Béhar (2000) states that the territory should be the purpose of public action. Based on these assumptions, we sought to understand the trajectory of Rio Grande do Nortes planning by carrying out a timeline of events, whereby it was observed that there are five distinct periods, including a temporal extension which runs from 1904 to 2010. The first runs from 1904 to 1960 and the second from 1961 to 1970. As regards the third period, this goes from 1971 to 1981. the fourth period extends from 1982 to 1987, and finally the fifth period we considered spans 1988 to 2010. the exercise of periodization based on the work of Santos ([1979] 2008) and Souza (1998) allowed us to observe and understand the action of time in geographic space. The periodization allowed the remarking of materialization in history, and not only because its narration, for events create objects and actions. Thus, in each period is seen the emergence of new territorial configurations. The methodology also included the analysis of documents formulated by the state government. Twenty documents were collected and analyzed , among which, there are: 3 studies, 1 diagnosis, 1 inaugural address and 13 government plans. Of the 13 plans surveyed, 9 are the basis of the current state planning policy. In addition, there were 10 interviews with politicians and technicians; collection of secondary data on the site of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. The hypothesis contained in this thesis is that in Rio Grande do Norte there is a corporate planning for selective use of the territory. This planning while creating modernization, expands the technical-scientific-informational environment and intensifies existing regional disparities.

O presente estudo defende o pressuposto de que a localização específica das Instituições de Ensino Superior, no processo de formação territorial brasileira, comprova que a seletividade espacial representa a ação dada em lugares escolhidos pelos agentes sociais. Com formas e conteúdos bastante diferenciados, com variadas densidades humanas, o território brasileiro, no tempo presente, encontra-se inteiramente apropriado. Ainda que de forma bastante desigual quanto à sua distribuição, constata-se, num crescente número de lugares, maior densidade técnica acompanhada de maior densidade informacional. Trata-se de constatações concretas quando comparamos o crescimento de modernizações em parcelas do território que, até recentemente, encontravam-se pouco conectadas a outros subespaços do país. O crescimento do número de instituições de ensino superior, em cidades fora das regiões metropolitanas e com mais de 100 mil habitantes, sinaliza para o fato de uma interiorização desse evento, correspondendo a uma verdadeira conquista do território. É importante destacar que, nesse movimento, embora o que se amplia seja uma demanda por qualificações específicas em todo o território, a oferta de vagas em tais instituições acompanha as especializações produtivas dos lugares. Em consonância com as necessidades do período técnico-científico-informacional, o ensino superior desenvolve-se de forma que suas ofertas ajudam a configurar o território. É nesse contexto que compreendemos a realidade de Juiz de Fora/MG: historicamente, a cidade aglutina fixos favorecendo fluxos que, por conseguinte, impulsionaram a atração de investimentos, de pessoas, de instituições, enfim. Ratificando a tese que defendemos, a cidade exibe, portanto, o processo de seletividade espacial na alocação de instituições de ensino superior. / This study defends the presupposition that the specific location of Higher Education Institutions, in the process of Brazilian territorial formation, proves that space selectivity represents the action taken in places which were chosen by social agents. With forms and contents and a variety of human densities, the Brazilian territory is entirely appropriated nowadays. Although in a rather unequal way regarding its distribution, it is possible to detect in a growing number of places, higher technical density accompanied by higher informational density. These are concrete perceptions when we compare the growth of modernizations in parts of the territory which until a short time ago, had few connections with other sub-spaces in the country. The increasing number of Higher Educations Institutions, in towns outside metropolitan areas and with more than 100,000 inhabitants, is a sign of this event, which can be considered a true conquest of territory. It is important to highlight that in this movement, although what is amplified is a demand for specific qualifications in all the territory, the offer of positions in such institutions is accompanied by the productive specializations of the places. In accordance with the necessities of the technical-scientific-informational era, higher education progresses in a way that it offers help to shape the territory. It is in this context that we understand the reality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Historically the city incorporates facilities and that is favorable to flows which, therefore, increase the attraction of investments, people and institutions. Confirming the thesis we defend, the city exhibits the process of space selectivity in the allocation of Higher Education Institutions.

O objetivo central desta tese é analisar as transformações da economia urbana londrinense, particularmente de seu circuito inferior, à luz das variáveis que caracterizam o período atual, o período da globalização. Para tanto, dividimos a presente tese em duas partes. Na primeira, analisamos as sucessivas modernizações efetivadas em Londrina e as transformações na divisão territorial do trabalho que redundaram em diferentes especializações produtivas a partir da década de 1930. Na segunda parte, analisamos a organização e o funcionamento de três atividades do circuito inferior da economia urbana: o pequeno comércio estabelecido no Camelódromo de Londrina, o serviço de Mototáxi e o serviço de Entregas Urbanas realizado por motoboys. As conclusões a que chegamos revelam que, no período atual, a dinâmica do meio construído é um dado fundamental da economia urbana. Os fluxos que se efetivam a partir das atividades investigadas envolvem a redefinição dos papéis de intermediação que caracterizam Londrina como uma cidade média da Região Concentrada. O circuito inferior atual apresenta diferenças importantes em relação àquele que se formou em Londrina ao longo dos anos 1970, tais como: as trajetórias dos trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho, a importância dos processos migratórios do campo para a cidade, as escalas de ação de cada circuito, suas formas de integração, entre outras. Estas diferenças são conseqüências das modernizações na economia urbana inerentes à expansão e difusão espacial do meio técnico-científico-informacional. / The central objective of this thesis is to analyze the transformation of the urban economy Londrina, particularly to its lower circuit in the light of variables that characterize the current period, the period of globalization. To this end, we have divided this thesis into two parts. At first, we analyze the successive modernization that happened in Londrina and the changes in the territorial division of labor that resulted in different productive specializations from the 1930s. In the second part, we analyze the organization and operation of three activities of lower circuit of the urban economy: the small business set out in Camelódromo of Londrina, the Moto Táxi service and service performed by Urban Delivery couriers. The conclusions reached show that in the current period, the dynamics of the built environment is a fundamental element of the urban economy. The flows that happen based on the investigated activities involve the redefining of intermediation roles that featuring Londrina city as medium town in the Concentrated Region of Brasil The contemporaneous lower circuit shows major differences when it compares with the lower circuit formed in Londrina in the 1970s, like these: the trajectories of workers in the labor market, the importance of migration from the countryside to the city, the scales of action of upper and lower circuits, its forms of integration, among others. These differences are consequences of modernizations in the urban economy. Besides, theyre inherent at expansion and spatial diffusion of technico-scientific-informational milieu.